Which of the following statements about primary growth is false?

It results in the thickening of the stem and root.

Which of the following leaf adaptations would you not expect to find in desert plants?

Stomata confined to the upper epidermis

The role of transfer cells is to:

facilitate the movement of solutes over short distances.

Sucrose is made up of ______ and ______ and therefore is a _______.

Glucose, fructose, dissacharide

The order of tissues encountered in the midrib section of a dicot leaf, from top to bottom would be ______.

Upper epi, palisade parenchyma, xylem, phloem, spongy mesophyll, lower epi

Nitrogen procurement, Photosynthesis

Which of the following statements about the primary wall is FALSE?

It is usually of uniform thickness.

In vascular plants, food is conducted through:

sieve cells and sieve-tube elements only.

The three tissue systems of vascular plants are:

the dermal, vascular, and ground tissue systems.

All of the following are advantages of compound leaves except _______.

Increased percentage of the leaf is non-photosynthetic

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Plant Biology Module 3 & Module 4

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Exam I

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Answers

1
Which of the following statements about primary growth is false?
It gives rise to the primary plant body.
It involves the formation of primary tissues.
It results in the extension of the plant body.
It results in the thickening of the stem and root.
2
Which of the following leaf adaptations would you not expect to find in desert plants?
All of the above
Stomata confined to the upper epidermis
Hairy leaves
Thick cuticle
3
Initially, all leaf cells are meristematic.
True
False
4
Leaf detachment
Blade
Rachis
Abscission zone
Petiole
5
Leaflet support
Rachis
Abscission zone
Petiole
Blade
6
Which class of secondary metabolites does the plant chemical, tannins, belong to?
Terpenoids
Phenolics
Lipids
Alkaloids
7
Micelles are composed of cellulose.
False
True
8
Which class of secondary metabolites does the plant chemical, rubber, belong to?
Alkaloids
Terpenoids
Phenolics
Lipids
9
Which class of secondary metabolites does the plant chemical, flavonoids, belong to?
Terpenoids
Phenolics
Lipids
Alkaloids
10
Which class of secondary metabolites does the plant chemical, cardiac glycosides, belong to?
Phenolics
Terpenoids
Alkaloids
Lipids
11
______ are colorless plastids that are the precursors of other, more highly differentiated plastids.
Leucoplasts
Amyloplasts
Chromoplasts
Proplastids
12
Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in that eukaryotic cells have:
A nucleus
A cytoplasm
A plasma membrane
Ribosomes
13
An interruption in the secondary wall is called a:
pit-pair.
pit cavity.
pit
primary pit-field.
14
From which primary meristem does sclerenchyma develop?
collenchyma
procambium
parenchyma
ground meristem
15
Most prokaryotic cells have only one chromosome.
False
True
16
The role of transfer cells is to:
transfer solutes from the cortex to the pith via rays.
transport water and minerals throughout the plant.
move sugars through the phloem.
facilitate the movement of solutes over short distances.
17
Cellulose contains α-glucose.
True
False
18
Sucrose is made up of ______ and ______ and therefore is a _______.
maltose, fructans, polyssacharide
Glucose, fructose, dissacharide
Fructose, lactose, disaccharide
Ribose, starch, monosaccharide
19
The order of tissues encountered in the midrib section of a dicot leaf, from top to bottom would be ______.
Lower epi, palisade parenchyma, xylem, phloem, spongy mesophyll, upper epi
Upper epi, spongy mesophyll, xylem, phloem, palisade parenchyma, lower epi
Upper epi, palisade parenchyma, phloem, xylem, spongy mesophyll, lower epi
Upper epi, palisade parenchyma, xylem, phloem, spongy mesophyll, lower epi
20
The cork cambium produces ______ on its outer surface and ______ on its inner surface.
cork; phelloderm
phellogen; phellem
phelloderm; cork
phellogen; phelloderm
21
Foliage leaf
Photosynthesis
Protection
Support
Nitrogen procurement
22
Which class of secondary metabolites does the plant chemical, atropine, belong to?
Alkaloids
Lipids
Terpenoids
Phenolics
23
Stomata are the ______ between ______.
cells; subsidiary cells
pores; subsidiary cells
pores; guard cells
cells; guard cells
24
Water distribution
Vein
Rachis
Petiole
Blade
25
______ is the typical supporting tissue of growing stems, leaves, and floral parts.
Sclerenchyma
Collenchyma
Parenchyma
26
Trap leaves
Nitrogen procurement
Photosynthesis
Protection
Support
27
Blade attachment to stem
Rachis
petiole
Vein
Abscission zone
28
Which of the following statements about the primary wall is FALSE?
It is usually of uniform thickness.
It is deposited before and during cell growth.
It may contain lignin, suberin, or cutin.
Some mature plant cells have only a primary wall.
29
Stretching of the cell wall can be prevented by the cross-linking of _____ with _____.
pectins; calcium
hemicelluloses; phosphates
microtubules; oligosaccharins
the cytoskeleton; potassium
30
A cell that is alive at maturity but lacks a nucleus and certain organelles is the:
albuminous cell.
Strasburger cell.
forisome.
sieve element.
31
The product of the cellulose synthase enzyme complex is released into the cytoplasm.
True
False
32
______ is a simple tissue, and ______ is a complex tissue.
Xylem; sclerenchyma
Collenchyma; xylem
Phloem; xylem
Parenchyma; collenchyma
33
Bud scale
Photosynthesis
Support
Nitrogen procurement
Protection
34
One role of pit membranes in tracheids is to:
provide support.
facilitate solute transport.
facilitate movement of air bubbles
trap air bubbles.
35
Which class of secondary metabolites does the plant chemical, lignins, belong to?
Alkaloids
Phenolics
Lipids
Terpenoids
36
Anthocyanins are found in the vacuole.
True
False
37
An expansin is a protein found in the cell wall.
False
True
38
Chlorophylls and carotenoid pigments are embedded in the:
plasmalemma
outer chloroplast membrane.
stroma
thylakoid membranes.
39
In vascular plants, food is conducted through:
companion cells only.
sieve cells and sieve-tube elements only.
sieve-tube elements only.
sieve cells only.
40
Prokaryotic cells are characterized by having organelles.
False
True
41
Which class of secondary metabolites does the plant chemical, morphine, belong to?
Lipids
Terpenoids
Phenolics
Alkaloids
42
Which of the following is not a function of some types of leaves?
Storage & Nitrogen Procurement
Wood Produciton
Support
Protection
43
Most of the increase in the size of a plant cell results from enlargement of the vacuole.
True
False
44
All leaves have the same structure and function.
True
False
45
______ tissue is composed of cells having unevenly thickened primary walls.
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Parenchyma
46
Photosynthesis
Abscission zone
Vein
Blade
Petiole
47
What is this an image of?
Cellulose
Starch
48
The ______ in the cell sap is responsible for the red and blue colors of many fruits and vegetables.
calcium oxalate crystals
anthocyanins
chlorophylls
carotenoids
49
Cells that are totipotent, play an important role in wound healing, and initiate adventitious structures are:
sclerenchyma cells.
collenchyma cells.
parenchyma cells.
50
The three tissue systems of vascular plants are:
the dermal, vascular, and ground tissue systems.
protoderm, procambium, and ground meristem.
epidermis, periderm, and protoderm.
parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.
51
All of the following are advantages of compound leaves except _______.
Increased percentage of the leaf is non-photosynthetic
Containment of fungal diseases
Resistance to tearing by flowing water
Protection against wind damage and the removal of excess heat in a breeze
52
Which one is cellulose? How do you know
Top; no alternating OH
Middle; alternating OH
Bottom; branching molecules
53
Tendril
Photosynthesis
Protection
Support
Nitrogen procurement
54
The mesophyll of all leaves is divided into palisade and spongy regions.
True
False
55
The parenchyma cells that are developmentally related to the ______ of angiosperms are called ______.
sieve cells; albuminous cells
sieve-tube elements; companion cells
sieve-tube elements; albuminous cells
sieve cells; companion cells
56
Which class of secondary metabolites does the plant chemical, Salicylic acid, belong to?
Phenolics
Terpenoids
Alkaloids
Lipids
57
When a botanist uses the word “indeterminate,” she is referring to the:
developmental plasticity of the plant.
secondary growth of the plant body.
unlimited growth of the apical meristems.
the ability of seeds to germinate under any conditions.
58
An example of programmed cell death is the differentiation of:
the secondary cell wall.
tracheary elements.
collenchyma cells.
cells of the cortex.
59
The portion of the leaf veins facing the lower epidermis usually contains the _______.
Phloem
Xylem
60
The major type of tissue found in foliage leaves is _______.
Xylem
Epidermis
Parenchyma
Collenchyma
61
What are the differences between primary and secondary metabolites?
Primary metabolites are directly involved in the growth of the plant.
Primary metabolites are not directly involved in the growth of the plant.
Secondary metabolites are directly involved in the growth of the plant.
Secondary metabolites are not directly involved in the growth of the plant.
62
Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is false?
Stomata are epidermal cells.
Trichomes are appendages of epidermal cells.
Guard cells are epidermal cells.
The epidermis constitutes the dermal system of leaves.
63
What is this an image of?
Starch
Cellulose
64
Leaf shape varies among plants species more than stem or root shapes.
False
True
65
The _____ is thought to supply the sieve-tube element with essential molecules
forisome
sclereid
P-protein body
companion cell
66
A primary wall contains pit-fields, but a secondary wall contains pits.
False
True
67
Which of the following is NOT a function of trichomes?
reflecting solar radiation
defending against insects
secreting salts
providing structural support
68
Which class of secondary metabolites does the plant chemical, Essential Oils, belong to?
Phenolics
Alkaloids
Lipids
Terpenoids
69
Leaves originate on the_________ from bumps of tissue called________.
SAM; stipules
RAM; zone of maturation
RAM; leaf primordia
SAM; leaf buttresses
70
Which of the following leaf adaptations would you not expect to find in desert plants?
Both B and C
Stomata located on the lower epidermis
Stomata located on the upper epidermis
Both A and B
71
______ are types of tracheary elements.
Tracheids and xylem parenchyma
Xylem fibers and tracheids
Vessel elements and xylem parenchyma
Vessel elements and tracheids
72
The petiole is advantageous to a leaf because it can ______.
Increase availability of gases
Increase the amount of light available to a leaf and keep a leaf cool
All of the above
73
Which class of secondary metabolites does the plant chemical, caffeine, belong to?
Alkaloids
Terpenoids
Phenolics
Lipids
74
Starch is also called?
Amylase
Glycogen
Amylose
Cellulose
75
Which of the following lists the right sequence of cell wall layers, starting with the outermost layer going inward?
secondary wall, middle lamella, primary wall
middle lamella, primary wall, secondary wall
secondary wall, primary wall, middle lamella
middle lamella, secondary wall, primary wall
76
One characteristic that distinguishes spongy mesophyll from palisade parenchyma is ______.
The loose arrangement of cells in the spongy mesophyll
The tight packing of cells in the spongy mesophyll
The presence of cutin on the surface of the palisade parenchyma cells
Spongy mesophyll cells are alive & palisade parenchyma cells are dead
77
Cellulose synthase is an enzyme situated in the:
plasma membrane
cell wall.
vacuole.
mitochondria.
78
Which class of secondary metabolites does the plant chemical, taxol, belong to?
Alkaloids
Phenolics
Lipids
Terpenoids
79
Why can we digest starch but not cellulose?
We have enzymes that can hydrolyze α-glycosidic linkages of starch.
We dont have enzymes that can hydrolyze β-glycosidic linkages of cellulose.
the monomer of starch is glucose and the monomer of cellulose is galactose
humans harbor starch-digesting bacteria in the digestive tract.
80
What are the primary metabolites?
Carbohydrates and lipids
Alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolics
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Proteins and nucleic acids
81
Which of the following statements about the shoot and root apical meristems is false?
They generate cells that give rise to roots, stems, leaves, and flowers.
They lose the potential to divide soon after embryogenesis is complete.
They are perpetually young tissues or cells.
It is through their activity that most plant development occurs.
82
Cyclosis refers to:
that portion of the cytoplasm outside the plasma membrane.
the constant streaming of the cytoplasm.
the process of cell division.
that portion of the cytoplasm inside the plasma membrane.
83
_______ first concluded that all cells arise from preexisting cells.
Robert Hooke
Matthias Schleiden
Theodor Schwann
Rudolf Virchow
84
In a eudicot stem, ___is the ground tissue external & __is the ground tissue internal to the system of vascular strands.
pith; cortex
cortex; pith
xylem; cortex
xylem; pith
85
Grana are stacks of ______ within chloroplasts.
stroma
thylakoids
carotenoids
etioplasts
86
In contrast to derivatives, initials:
are located in the shoot apical meristem.
give rise to more initials and derivatives
are located in the root apical meristem
differentiate more quickly
87
The two types of ______ cells are fibers and sclereids.
collenchyma
parenchyma
sclerenchyma
88
Which of the following statements about sclerenchyma cells is false?
They have thick, lignified, secondary
They strengthen plant parts that are still elongating.
They often lack protoplasts at maturity.
They are ground-tissue cells.
89
Which class of secondary metabolites does the plant chemical, Vitamin A, belong to?
Lipids
Terpenoids
Phenolics
Alkaloids
90
Plastids that contain carotenoids but lack chlorophyll are known as:
proplastids
etioplasts
chromoplasts.
amyloplasts.
91
The leaves of insect-trapping plants are not capable of photosynthesis.
True
False
92
Spine
Protection
Support
Photosynthesis
Nitrogen procurement
93
Perforation plates are characteristic of the ______ of ______.
tracheids; angiosperms
vessel elements; angiosperms
tracheids; gymnosperms
vessel elements; gymnosperms
94
The 3 major classes of plant secondary metabolites are:
terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolics
phenolics, nucleic acids, and terpenoid
lipids, alkaloids, and amino acids
alkaloids, sugars, and phenolics
95
Which of the following is NOT part of the periderm?
phelloderm
epidermis
phellem
phellogen
96
What is the technical name of the bond in starch?
4-1 linkage of α glucose
1-4 linkage of β glucose
4-1 linkage of β glucose
1-4 linkage of α glucose
97
Sugar collection
Blade
Rachis
Vein
Abscission zone
98
Albuminous cells are thought to have the same function as:
sieve cells.
companion cells.
tracheids.
sieve-tube elements.
99
The membrane of a vacuole is called the tonoplast.
True
False
100
What is the technical name of the bond in cellulose?
1-4 linkage of α glucose
4-1 linkage of α glucose
4-1 linkage of β glucose
1-4 linkage of β glucose

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