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Biology EOC Review
Biology EOC Review
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1
Brown eyes are dominant over blue. What is the chance of a blue eyed F1 from parents Bb and bb?
50%
25%
75%
100%
2
Which of these characteristics is NOT a property of water?
moderates changes in temperature
increased density as a solid
functions as a universal solvent
exhibits high cohesion
3
Why are the leaves of plants broad and flat?
to prevent water loss from transpiration
to obtain energy by breaking down glucose
to transport nutrients through the plant
capture light for photosynthesis
4
Which statement regarding whale evolution is supported by the diagram?
modern whales have large hind leg bones
ancient whales had larger brains
whales evolved from animals with two pairs of legs
whales evolved before animals with two pairs of legs
5
Which statement supports the theory of evolution?
some animals have become domesticated by humans
brains of different mammal species show similar traits
fossils of aquatic species are found in mountains
fossils on the coast of S.America and Africa are the same
6
The independent variable in an experiment is one that
changes in response to the experiment
will never change
you change
stays the same
7
Which geologic feature contributes the most carbon to the atmosphere?
volcanoes
glaciers
deserts
oceans
8
Which of the following characteristics defines a cell as eukaryotic?
having a nucleus
being able to reproduce
being able to move
having ribosomes
9
Which human impact would NOT cause a loss of biodiversity?
introducing an invasive species
deforestation
burning of fossil fuels
preserving a rainforest
10
Where is ATP produced in the cell?
mitochondria
nucleus
golgi bodies
ribosomes
11
Which structure in both plant and animal cells converts glucose to ATP?
chloroplast
smooth er
cell membrane
mitochondria
12
Which type of natural selection is this population experiencing?
stabilizing
disruptive
evolutionary
directional
13
During which part of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
A
B
C
D
14
Which part of cell division is represented here?
anaphase
telophase
metaphase
prophase
15
Which set of characteristics is attributed to the most modern group of hominids?
arboreal, small brain, large jaw
bipedal, large brain, small jaw
bipedal, small brain, large jaw
arboreal, large brain, small jaw
16
Which types of organisms developed first due to early environmental conditions on Earth?
prokaryotic and anaerobic
eukaryotic and aerobic
prokaryotic and aerobic
eukaryotic and anaerobic
17
Which scientist advanced a theory of evolution based on natural selection?
Robert Hooke
Charles Darwin
Gregor Mendel
James Watson and Francis Crick
18
The black and white feathers in the offspring is an example of
multiple alleles
incomplete dominance
pure dominance
codominance
19
When organisms move out of a population, this is called
carrying capacity
k selection
emigration
immigration
20
What did Hooke contribute to cell theory?
said all animals were made of cells
stated new cells came from old cells
made the first observation of a cell
said all plants were made of cells
21
Letter C represents
a thylakoid
the stroma
the chloroplast
a granum
22
What cellular process directly allows new skin cells to form in a human?
meiosis
fertilization
pollination
mitosis
23
During aerobic respiration, which molecule is needed?
oxygen
glucose
water
carbon dioxide
24
Which of these could cause an increase in blood pressure?
thickening of artery walls
relaxing of heart muscle
exercising regularly
eating a healthy diet
25
One of the main functions of a stem is to
store water
store carbohydrates
transport substances between roots and leaves
carry out photosythesis
26
Which correctly pairs a plant structure with its function?
stems allow for plant movement
roots anchor plants to substrates
leaves capture water for photosynthesis
flowers produce energy for seeds to develop
27
Which of the following is a consequence of genetic drift?
less mating among individuals
more alleles in a population
decreased biodiversity
increased variation
28
Organisms that have identical alleles for a trait are said to be
heterozygous
homozygous
hybrid
dominant
29
The first (or lowest) trophic level refers to
all animals
all herbivores
sunlight
all producers
30
What is the function of a lysosome?
regulate the activity of the cell
makes proteins
creates ATP
removing waste/old organelles
31
What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy within a food web?
food chain
trophic level
food pyramid
energy path
32
What is the function of tRNA in translation?
carry amino acids to ribosome
copy the DNA in the nucleus
attach amino acids together
carry genetic code from the nucleus
33
What is the name of the family of proteins that regulate the timing of the cell cycle?
steroids
cyclins
amino acids
catalysts
34
Which gas is removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis?
nitrogen
oxygen
hydrogen
carbon dioxide
35
Which two macromolecules are used as the primary source of energy for cellular processes?
lipids and carbohydrates
carbohydrates and nucleic acids
nucleic acids and protein
proteins and lipids
36
Provide the matching side to this DNA molecule: AATCG
AATCG
UUAGC
TTAGC
TTUGC
37
Which of these is a difference between mitosis and meiosis?
DNA replication takes place only before mitosis
haploid cells are produced only after mitosis
chromosomes condense only during meiosis
homologous chromosomes exchange info only during meiosis
38
Which pathogen can be treated effectively with antibiotics?
bacteria
fungi
viruses
protists
39
What effect can bottleneck events have on populations that have nearly become extinct?
reduce population size and reduce variation
no impact
increased gene flow and diversity
can lead to founder effects and high diversity
40
Which property of water helps regulate temperature on Earth?
expansion upon freezing
surface tension
polarity
heat capacity
41
What are the products of celllular respiration?
carbon dioxide and water
glucose and water
carbon dioxide and oxygen
oxygen and energy
42
What is the name of the second stage of cellular respiration?
electron transport chain
calvin cycle
kreb's cycle
glycolysis
43
Which of these describes a benefit of crossing over?
genetic information replicates
genetic variation increases
homologous chromosomes separate
cells begin to divide
44
When red and white carnations are crossed, the offspring are pink. This is
multiple alleles
dominant alleles
incomplete dominance
codominance
45
Which of the following is required for active transport?
energy
ADP
water
storage vacuole
46
What cellular process is taking place here?
osmosis
exocytosis
endocytosis
cell division
47
Which of the structures of the brain is located at the bottom of the brain?
corpus callosum
occipital lobe
temporal lobe
medulla oblongata
48
What is taking place in this cell?
metaphase
cytokinesis - animal
prophase
cytokinesis - plant
49
Similar bone structure between different species supports what type of evidence for evolution?
biogeography
fossil
comparative anatomy
DNA
50
Which of the following are only characteristic to the plant kingdom?
autotroph, prokaryotic, cell wall
autotroph, eukaryotic, no cell wall
autotroph, prokaryotic, no cell wall
autrotrophs, eukaryotic, cell wall
51
If the algae produced 50,000 cal of energy, how much is available to the sea lion?
50
5,000
50,000
500
52
Which of these will result from meiosis?
four genetically different haploid cells
four genetically identical diploid cells
two genetically different haploid cells
two genetically identical diploid cells
53
Breaking bonds between which letters releases energy stored in this molecule?
B and C
A and D
C and D
A and B
54
Why must DNA strands be unzipped prior to replication?
to separate homologous pairs
to shorten and thicken chromosomes
to expose the sequence of bases
to allow DNA to form a double helix
55
Each parent gives one sex chromosome to their offspring. Whose chromosome determines the sex?
father
grandfather
grandmother
mother
56
What function is performed by a macromolecule made up of nucleotides?
insulation
provide energy
function as enzymes
store genetic information
57
Which piece of technology was critical to the development of cell theory?
bunsen burner
balance
telescope
microscope
58
Which process differentiates meiosis from mitosis?
DNA replication occurs
crossing over occurs
the cytoplasm divides
a new cell forms
59
Mutations within a DNA sequence are
natural processes that produce genetic diversity
natural processes that always affect phenotypes
unnatural processes that affect the phenotype
unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
60
Which property of water allows the formation of water into drops?
neutral pH
universal solvent
expansion
cohesion
61
What bonds are broken to unzip the DNA strands during replication?
hydrogen bonds between bases
hydrogen bonds between bases and phosphates
covalent bonds between sugar and phosphate
covalent bonds between sugars
62
Which of these could result from cancer?
cells would grow unregulated into a tumor
cells would be too small to function properly
specialization would occur in cells
membranes would detach from cells
63
During which part of the cell cycle does the cell experience the most growth?
D
B
A
C
64
Which scientist was the first to describe the principles of dominance and segregation?
Linnaeus
Watson
Darwin
Mendel
65
In human reproduction, what is the purpose of the fallopian tubes?
removing unfertilized eggs from the body
providing nourishment to the fertilized egg
transporting the egg to the uterus
producing egg cells
66
Which color represents the parietal lobe?
orange
pink
green
blue
67
What structure in the male reproductive system regulates temperature during sperm production?
prostate
testes
penis
scrotum
68
Which cellular process takes place here?
cellular respiration
osmosis
DNA replication
photosynthesis
69
Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of he following processes EXCEPT
transpiration
burning fossil fuels
decomposition
photosynthesis
70
What do the arrows in a food chain indicate?
size of organisms
number of organisms
amount of biomass
flow of energy
71
Which of the following is NOT an example of a density dependent limiting factor?
natural disasters
predators
parasites
disease
72
Which step of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?
glycolysis
electron transport chain
fermentation
kreb's cycle
73
A mutation in which molecule would result in genetic variation?
protein
lipid
nucleic acid
carbohydrate
74
Which pair of structures can be found in a prokaryotic cell?
mitochondria and vacuole
lysosome and cell wall
nucleus and chloroplast
ribosome and cell membrane
75
According to most current theories of origins of life, where did life most likely form first?
desert
oceans
atmosphere
swamps
76
Which process takes place in the stroma?
light reactions
calvin cycle
glycolysis
kreb's cycle
77
Which macromolecule is represented?
nucleic acid
protein
carbohydrate
lipid
78
Which characteristic was the first to appear as hominids diverged from a common ancestor?
appearance of body hair
walking upright
ability to make tools
hunting in groups
79
What is the name for alternate forms of a gene?
phenotype
alleles
genotype
diploid cells
80
Which of these enters a food chain as an energy storage molecule produced by photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide
water
methane
glucose
81
Which process reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid?
binary fission
meiosis
fertilization
budding
82
Some ecosystems can only support a certain number of organisms. This is called
scavenger boundary
overproduction
carrying capacity
community
83
According to the chart, the amount of cytosine in humans should be
19.9
29.4
13.4
28.8
84
Pelvic bones in whales are examples of
analogous structures
adaptations
homologous structures
vestigial structures
85
What part of cell division is represented here?
prophase
telophase
metaphase
anaphase
86
What must be present in order for natural selection to occur in a population?
ability to choose traits
adaptation
variation
unlimited resources
87
Which of the following is NOT a universal base of DNA found in almost all organisms?
uracil
guanine
adenine
cytosine
88
What is the subunit of a protein?
nucleic acid
amino acid
nucleotide
peptide bond
89
Which statement best explains how the genetic code is universal?
Nucleotide ratios are different between species
The shape of DNA molecules is the same in different species
DNA sequences are unique for each species
a genetic sequence codes for the same proteins
90
What statement explains the role of RNA in protein synthesis?
RNA reads DNA to build proteins
RNA assembles sugars from proteins
RNA converts sunlight into energy
RNA uses DNA to perform cellular respiration
91
Which of the following is an autotroph?
gazelle
tree
leopard
mushroom
92
Which part of the brain is represented by the red color?
cerebellum
occipital lobe
pons
pituitary gland
93
Which is a type of passive transport?
endocytosis
protein pumps
osmosis
exocytosis
94
Which characteristic develops in skulls over time?
prominent brow ridge
smaller volume
larger teeth
smaller jaw bone
95
Which type of macromolecule is represented?
carbohydrate
nucleic acid
lipid
protein
96
Which trait is shared by the amphibians and fish?
bipedal
vertebrae
tetrapod
amniotic egg
97
Dog breeds are an example of
predation
adaptations
natural selection
artificial selection
98
How many males are in the second generation?
2
1
3
4
99
Which property of water allows it to carry a wide variety of chemicals through the body?
neutral pH
surface tension
universal solvent
high heat capacity
100
In addition to light, which two substances are required for the start of photosynthesis?
sugar and carbon dioxide
water and carbon dioxide
sugar and oxygen
water and oxygen