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AP Psychology Semester Exam
AP Psychology Semester Exam
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1
Smell is dependent on
olfactory cells.
hair cells.
ganglion cells.
gate cells.
2
The pituitary gland controls other endocrine glands by
releasing hormones into the synapse.
generating neurotransmitters.
releasing hormones into the bloodstream.
generating action potentials.
3
Which stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory is characterized by abstract reasoning?
Formal operational
Preoperational
Sensorimotor
Concrete operational
4
A drug that blocks the perception of pain is most likely to be
an acetylcholine agonist
a serotonin antagonist
a glutamate antagonist
an endorphin agonist
5
The kinesthetic sense can help you determine
whether or not food is likely to be poisonous.
the position of your feet when walking.
the direction sound is coming from.
6
What do we call a state of physiological or psychological need to take a drug after continued use?
Cognition
Withdrawal
Tolerance
Dependence
7
As the range of a dataset increases, so does the standard deviation
False
True
8
The moment Mari can hear the ice cream truck song down the road
just noticeable difference
sensory adaptation
difference threshold
absolute threshold
9
In split-brain research, cutting which structure reduces communication between the two hemispheres of the brain?
Hippocampus
Thalamus
Reticular Formation
Corpus Callosum
10
When a distribution of data is skewed, the best measure of central tendency is the
standard deviation
mean
median
range
11
Vygotsky's concept of the
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
refers to:
The difference between what a child can do alone vs with help
The stage where children gain the ability to perform concrete operations
The ability to think abstractly
The stage when children are capable of independent learning
12
Why might psychologists prefer meta-analysis over a single study?
Meta-analysis allows for direct manipulation of variables
Meta-analysis eliminates the need for operational definitions
It synthesizes data across multiple studies to find broader patterns
It avoids issues related to social desirability bias
13
To understand the world, children construct __________, or mental representations of the world.
schemas
algorithms
attachments
reflexes
14
What behavior would be difficult without our vestibular sense?
Repeating a list of digits
Integrating what we see and hear
Writing our name
Walking in a straight line with our eyes closed
15
Falling asleep at unusual times, including in the middle of an argument
insomnia
narcolepsy
sleep apnea
somnambulism
16
In our movie BABIES - they documented behavior without interacting with the subjects. What type of research is this?
experiment
naturalistic observation
survey
correlational study
17
A newborn who is touched anywhere around the mouth or cheek will move her head and mouth toward the source of the touch.
Startle reflex
Babinski reflex
rooting reflex
grasping reflex
18
Which of the following can never be a correlation coefficient?
r = - 1.00
r = - 0.01
r = + 2.00
r = + 0.85
19
In a research survey about happiness levels, which of the following biases could affect this?
Social desirability bias
Experimenter bias
Sampling bias
Hindsight bias
20
If you had sight in only one eye, which depth cue could you NOT use?
linear perspective
texture gradient
interposition
convergence
21
What's another word for awareness of self and your environment?
consciousness
cognition
REM
biorhythm
22
Which of the following is the best example of hindsight bias?
Perceiving patterns in the stock market that do not exist
Overestimating your ability to study effectively the night before an exam
Belief you knew the outcome of a football game all along
Assuming two variables are causally related when they are not
23
Avoidant attachment
is best described as:
Child distress when separated from their caregiver, does not calm easily
Child who is overly dependent on the caregiver and avoids exploring
Child who seeks comfort, quickly soothed upon reunion with the caregiver
A child who avoids the caregiver and does not seek comfort upon return
24
Which of the following is primarily a stimulant?
Cocaine
LSD
Marijuana
Alcohol
25
Which of the following ethical principles requires the researcher to divulge any deception that may have occurred?
Informed consent
Debriefing
The right to confidentiality
The right to be protected from harm and discomfort
26
About how long does it take opioid users to develop a sense of dependency on the drug?
almost no time
about a week
about a month
never
27
Information from the ears is processed in the ____________ lobes.
frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal
28
Which of the following is a hormone that helps regulate the sleep–wake cycle?
oxytocin
REM
melatonin
GABA
29
Secure attachment
is often linked to parents who are responsive, consistent, and supportive.
True
False
30
Compared to a normal infant, the brain of a child suffering from fetal alcohol syndrome is
abnormally long.
much bigger.
about normal size.
much smaller.
31
Which of the following is a function of myelin?
Myelin fills the synapse.
Myelin slows down action potentials.
Myelin allows information to travel down the axon more quickly.
32
Which research method would be most appropriate to establish a cause-and-effect relationship?
suvery
case study
correlational study
experiment
33
Which style of parenting is characterized by harsh discipline and very little emotional support?
Authoritarian
Authoritative
Permissive
Neglectful
34
After being scared, what part of the nervous system helps you return to normal heart beat/breathing?
somatic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
35
A child raised by
permissive parents
is likely to:
Experience strict discipline and high expectations
Show secure attachment to their caregivers
Be given a lot of freedom with few boundaries or rules
Have clear guidelines and consequences for their behavior
36
Why does your doctor ask about your family medical history?
to know what might be contagious in your family
to better understand what stress you're under
to know what medical predispositions you may have
to educate you on how to care for your family members
37
Which of the following would most likely be classified as a hallucinogen?
Methamphetamine
Alcohol
LSD
Nicotine
38
Brain plasticity refers to the
way the brain wrinkles to fit into the skull.
difference in functions between the left and right hemisphere.
ability of the brain to change to respond to damage.
39
We have taste receptors for
umami
fruit flavors
peppermint
spiciness
40
The best sample to use for learning the opinions of the students in a high school is
the first 50 students to walk through the door one morning.
the 50 students with the highest GPAs.
all of the students in the high school.
50 names drawn from a box containing the names of all the students.
41
A tendency to focus on information that supports what I already believe to be true is called
a confounding variable.
critical thinking.
participant bias.
confirmation bias.
42
Martha can tell the tree is closer than the house because her view is partially blocked by the tree. This is called
interposition.
linear perspective.
relative height.
convergence.
43
Your sleep–wake cycle is an example of what kind of rhythm?
ultradian
circadian
developmental
biorhythm
44
Which of the following represents the deepest level of sleep?
NREM 3
NREM 1
NREM 2
REM
45
The optic nerve leaves the eye at the
cornea.
blind spot.
iris.
fovea.
46
Which of the following is true about alcohol?
Alcohol enhances one's ability to make decisions.
Alcohol impairs memory.
Chemically speaking, women break down alcohol faster than men.
Alcohol helps you dream.
47
When using a scatterplot to represent data, which of the following would indicate a negative correlation?
There is no consistent pattern between the variables
Both variables increase together
As one variable increases, the other decreases
Data points are scattered randomly
48
A research technique that compares individuals from different age groups at one time is known as
a correlational study.
an experiment.
a cross-sectional study.
a longitudinal study.
49
Which of the following has been shown to help prevent people from starting drug use?
Having authoritarian parents
Understanding the long-term effects of drugs
Hanging out with people who smoke a lot
Showing disturbing videos of drug use
50
In an experiment to see if taking a nap each afternoon leads to fewer dinner arguments, what is the control group?
They are the participants who would not nap in the afternoon.
They are the participants who had more arguments at dinner.
They are the participants who had fewer arguments at dinner.
They are the participants who would nap in the afternoon.
51
Which of the following did Harlow believe was most important in forming parental attachment?
Regular feeding
Potty training
Anxiety reduction
Body contact
52
What do we call the shared attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of a group that have been communicated over generations?
culture
norms
development
nature
53
An infant who looks for a toy after it has been hidden is demonstrating
imprinting
attachment
conservation
object permanence
54
Egocentrism
, a hallmark of the
preoperational stage
, refers to:
The ability to understand object permanence
The inability to complete abstract problems
The inability to distinguish between one’s own perspective and others’
The ability to understand conservation of mass
55
Which sleep disorder is characterized by repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep?
sleep apnea
narcolepsy
insomnia
REM sleep behavior disorder
56
The function of neurotransmitters is to carry information across the
synapse
myelin sheath
soma
axon
57
Which of the following would most likely be considered a teratogen for a pregnant woman?
Vitamins
An alcoholic drink
Playing music
A hamburger
58
Statistical significance means
the results of an experiment were probably not caused by chance.
the experiment used a double-blind procedure.
an experiment is likely to produce changes in peoples' habits
an experiment has been replicated.
59
How do chemical senses differ from energy senses?
More research has been focused on chemical senses
Chemical senses are more important to most people
The brain uses up more energy on chemical senses
People need to interact more closely with a chemical sense
60
Scores that are three standard deviations above the mean are
rare.
much more common than scores below the mean
an indication of statistical significance.
an indication of positive correlation.
61
The purpose of the visual cliff is to determine if a child
experiences size constancy.
is using monocular depth cues.
is using binocular depth cues.
can perceive depth.
62
What is the name for twins that are created as a result of a single fertilized egg dividing into two?
fraternal
inherited
mutation
identical
63
Which structure of the brain is responsible for regulating hunger, thirst, and body temperature?
thalamus
cerebellum
hypothalamus
amygdala
64
Which of the following is not a task accomplished by neurons?
Neurons manufacture and release hormones.
Neurons receive information from other neurons.
Neurons communicate with each other across small gaps.
Neurons carry information down their length.
65
We are able to localize sounds because the cochlea is a slightly different shape in each ear.
False
True
