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KO GCSE AoS1: Western Classical Music 1650-1910 FULL Flashcards | StudBud
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KO GCSE AoS1: Western Classical Music 1650-1910 FULL
KO GCSE AoS1: Western Classical Music 1650-1910 FULL
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1
A song for the whole choir to emphasise a plot point.
recitative
chorus
aria
2
monophonic
Melody & accompainment.
A single melodic line.
Many interweaving melodic lines.
All lines moving together in harmony.
3
Mainly strings; harpsichords; organs; recorders and not much else.
Classical Instrumentation
Romantic Instrumentation
Baroque Instrumentation
4
secular
Music written for entertainment purposes.
Music written for religious purposes.
A large-scale sacred vocal work.
A large-scale secular vocal work.
5
forte
Very; very loud (fff)
Moderately loud (mf)
Loud (f)
Very loud (ff)
6
gradation
Gradual change in dynamics.
Sudden change in dynamics.
7
Classical Tempo
Can change mid-movement/use of rubato/other descriptions.
Fixed throughout the movement.
8
sacred
A large-scale sacred vocal work.
A large-scale secular vocal work.
Music written for religious purposes.
Music written for entertainment purposes.
9
An ornament in which the note above or below the target note is quickly visited.
turn
mordent
trill
10
Romantic Tempo
Can change mid-movement/use of rubato/other descriptions.
Fixed throughout the movement.
11
piano
Soft (p)
Very soft (pp)
Very; very soft (ppp)
Moderately soft (mp)
12
oratorio
A large-scale sacred vocal work.
Music written for entertainment purposes.
Music written for religious purposes.
A large-scale secular vocal work.
13
diminuendo
Gradually get softer.
Gradually get louder.
14
imitation
When a melody is exactly repeated in another part.
Repeating a section of a melody at a higher or lower pitch.
Devices which decorate a melody.
15
Gradation.
Baroque Dynamics
Romantic Dynamics
Classical Dynamics
16
mezzo-soprano
A female voice between soprano and alto.
A male alto.
A young boy soprano.
A male voice between tenor and bass.
17
A huge orchestral work in four movements.
Symphony
Theme & Variation Form
Ground Bass Form
Concerto Grosso
18
fortissimo
Moderately loud (mf)
Loud (f)
Very loud (ff)
Very; very loud (fff)
19
fortississimo
Moderately loud (mf)
Very; very loud (fff)
Loud (f)
Very loud (ff)
20
bass
A low female voice.
A high female voice.
A high male voice.
A low male voice.
21
Baroque Harmony
Chromatic. Use of extended chords.
Simple; mainly chords I and V. Diatonic.
Contrast shown with major and minor keys. Diatonic.
22
Baroque Composers
Handel; Bach
Chopin; Schumann
Haydn; Mozart
23
Romantic Texture
Mainly contrapuntal; homophonic or chordal.
Mainly homophonic.
Mainly contrapuntal.
24
Classical Harmony
Simple; mainly chords I and V. Diatonic.
Chromatic. Use of extended chords.
Contrast shown with major and minor keys. Diatonic.
25
homophonic
All lines moving together in harmony.
Melody & accompainment.
Many interweaving melodic lines.
A single melodic line.
26
An ornament in which a note is rapidly played before the target note.
acciaccatura
appoggiatura
27
amoroso
A Romantic performance instruction meaning 'sweetly'.
A Romantic performance instruction meaning 'lovingly'.
Performer pushes & pulls the tempo: literally 'robbed time'.
A Romantic performance instruction mean 'agitated'.
28
sforzando
When a note or chord is emphasised (>)
A sudden loud accent (sfz)
29
pianississimo
Moderately soft (mp)
Very soft (pp)
Very; very soft (ppp)
Soft (p)
30
extended chords
Uses notes from outside the key.
Uses only notes from the key.
Adding additional notes onto a triad such as 7ths and 9ths.
31
baritone
A male voice between tenor and bass.
A young boy soprano.
A female voice between soprano and alto.
A male alto.
32
A solo song sung freely to move the story on.
chorus
recitative
aria
33
ornaments
Devices which decorate a melody.
When a melody is exactly repeated in another part.
Repeating a section of a melody at a higher or lower pitch.
34
A piece of music in two sections; often described as AB.
Theme & Variation Form
Ternary Form
Rondo Form
Binary Form
35
Second section of a sonata in which the first theme goes through some interesting developments.
Development
Recapitulation
Exposition
36
Ornament in which the target note is played; then above; then target; then below; then target.
trill
mordent
turn
37
Simple and repetititve; heavily ornamented.
Classical Melody
Romantic Melody
Baroque Melody
38
An ornament in which a note is played before the target note; taking up half of its value.
appoggiatura
acciaccatura
39
diatonic
Uses notes from outside the key.
Uses only notes from the key.
Adding additional notes onto a triad such as 7ths and 9ths.
40
A solo song used to express the thoughts/feelings of the character.
recitative
aria
chorus
41
Romantic Composers
Haydn; Mozart
Handel; Bach
Chopin; Schumann
42
Piccolos, contrabassoons, bass clarinets, harps, celestes. More brass and percussion.
Classical Instrumentation
Romantic Instrumentation
Baroque Instrumentation
43
An orchestral piece exploring two themes in three sections.
Ground Bass Form
Theme & Variation Form
Symphony
Sonata Form
44
opera
A large-scale secular vocal work.
Music written for religious purposes.
Music written for entertainment purposes.
A large-scale sacred vocal work.
45
retrograde
Playing a melody backwards.
Turning the intervals upside down in a melody.
A repeating musical pattern.
46
Dramatic; makes use of chromaticism.
Baroque Melody
Classical Melody
Romantic Melody
47
Romantic Key Dates
1750-1820
1820-1910
1600-1750
48
treble
A young boy soprano.
A male alto.
A male voice between tenor and bass.
A female voice between soprano and alto.
49
Baroque Tempo
Fixed throughout the movement.
Can change mid-movement/use of rubato/other descriptions.
50
An introductory movement (Baroque/Classical) or a short; self-contained piece (Romantic).
Solo Concerto
Ground Bass Form
Concerto Grosso
Prelude
51
soprano
A high male voice.
A high female voice.
A low male voice.
A low female voice.
52
alto
A low female voice.
A low male voice.
A high male voice.
A high female voice.
53
Third section of a sonata in which the original themes are "recapped" with some subtle changes.
Exposition
Development
Recapitulation
54
Romantic Harmony
Chromatic. Use of extended chords.
Simple; mainly chords I and V. Diatonic.
Contrast shown with major and minor keys. Diatonic.
55
inversion
Playing a melody backwards.
A repeating musical pattern.
Turning the intervals upside down in a melody.
56
Terraced.
Baroque Dynamics
Romantic Dynamics
Classical Dynamics
57
First section of a sonata in which the two themes are "exposed".
Recapitulation
Exposition
Development
58
terraced
Gradual change in dynamics.
Sudden change in dynamics.
59
dolce
A Romantic performance instruction meaning 'sweetly'.
A Romantic performance instruction meaning 'lovingly'.
Performer pushes & pulls the tempo: literally 'robbed time'.
A Romantic performance instruction mean 'agitated'.
60
Classical Key Dates
1600-1750
1820-1910
1750-1820
61
crescendo
Gradually get softer.
Gradually get louder.
62
Wider range from fortissimo to pianissimo. Use of sforando and accents.
Classical Dynamics
Romantic Dynamics
Baroque Dynamics
63
accent
A sudden loud accent (sfz)
When a note or chord is emphasised (>)
64
Classical Composers
Chopin; Schumann
Haydn; Mozart
Handel; Bach
65
A memorable melody (theme) is established and then developed (variations).
Binary Form
Theme & Variation Form
Solo Concerto
Ground Bass Form
66
Written for a solo instrument accompanied by an orchestra.
Concerto Grosso
Solo Concerto
Theme & Variation Form
Symphony
67
Balanced; even phrases: question phrases are followed by answer phrases.
Classical Melody
Baroque Melody
Romantic Melody
68
A piece of music in many sections; often described as ABACA...
Ternary Form
Concerto Grosso
Rondo Form
Theme & Variation Form
69
chromatic(ism)
Uses only notes from the key.
Uses notes from outside the key.
Adding additional notes onto a triad such as 7ths and 9ths.
70
A piece of music in three sections; often described as ABA.
Theme & Variation Form
Symphony
Ternary Form
Sonata Form
71
contrapuntal
All lines moving together in harmony.
Many interweaving melodic lines.
Melody & accompainment.
A single melodic line.
72
An ornament in which the target note and the note above are rapidly alternated.
turn
mordent
trill
73
Baroque Key Dates
1600-1750
1820-1910
1750-1820
74
countertenor
A male alto.
A female voice between soprano and alto.
A male voice between tenor and bass.
A young boy soprano.
75
Small group of soloists (concertino) accompanied by rest of orchestra (ripieno).
Solo Concerto
Concerto Grosso
Ground Bass Form
Sonata Form
76
pianissimo
Very; very soft (ppp)
Moderately soft (mp)
Soft (p)
Very soft (pp)
77
tenor
A high male voice.
A low female voice.
A low male voice.
A high female voice.
78
ostinato
Playing a melody backwards.
A repeating musical pattern.
Turning the intervals upside down in a melody.
79
sequencing
Repeating a section of a melody at a higher or lower pitch.
Devices which decorate a melody.
When a melody is exactly repeated in another part.
80
agitato
A Romantic performance instruction meaning 'sweetly'.
A Romantic performance instruction mean 'agitated'.
A Romantic performance instruction meaning 'lovingly'.
Performer pushes & pulls the tempo: literally 'robbed time'.
81
Classical Texture
Mainly contrapuntal; homophonic or chordal.
Mainly contrapuntal.
Mainly homophonic.
82
rubato
A Romantic performance instruction mean 'agitated'.
Performer pushes & pulls the tempo: literally 'robbed time'.
A Romantic performance instruction meaning 'sweetly'.
A Romantic performance instruction meaning 'lovingly'.
83
More versatile than Baroque: flutes; clarinets, oboes; limited brass; piano introduced.
Classical Instrumentation
Romantic Instrumentation
Baroque Instrumentation
84
Baroque Texture
Mainly contrapuntal.
Mainly homophonic.
Mainly contrapuntal; homophonic or chordal.
85
chordal
Many interweaving melodic lines.
Melody & accompainment.
All lines moving together in harmony.
A single melodic line.
86
mezzo-piano
Soft (p)
Very soft (pp)
Very; very soft (ppp)
Moderately soft (mp)
87
mezzo-forte
Moderately loud (mf)
Loud (f)
Very; very loud (fff)
Very loud (ff)
88
Varying melodies and harmonies sit on top of a repeating bassline.
Sonata Form
Binary Form
Rondo Form
Ground Bass Form
