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Biol189 practical review
Biol189 practical review
111 terms
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by Rosey Le; covers all material through Spring 2019 semester
Flashcards
111 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
111
Answers
1
What occurs during S-phase in the cell cycle?
DNA is converted to RNA
Proteins are made
DNA degradation
DNA replication/synthesis
2
Which carbohydrate is the best fermentable substrate?
Starch
Sucrose
Glucose
Galactose
3
Convert 15 km to m.
15,000,000 m
15,000 m
150 m
1.5*108 m
4
Convert 68 jimbobs to jimmies. [1 jimbob = 0.75 jimmies]
51 jimmies
90.7 jimmies
0.011 jimmies
0.75 jimmies
5
Convert 627,000 to scientific notation.
6.27×105
.627×106
627×103
6.27×107
6
Why might redundancy in the genetic code be beneficial for the cell?
Because the cell can only use 10 different amino acids
To reduce the chances of amino acid substitutions
To increase the number of amino acid combinations
Because the cell has poor memory
7
What would happen to a
red blood cell
placed in a
hypertonic
solution?
water moves in; plasmolysis
water moves out; crenation
water moves in; crenation
water moves out; turgid
8
What is phenolphthalein?
a pigment
jimbobs
a pH indicator
a cell type
9
______________ are the cells that divide and give rise to gametes or sex cells
Ovaries
Somatic cells
Testes
Germ cells
10
The bases of double helical DNA interact with each other via...
ionic bonds
van der Waals interactions
covalent bonds
hydrogen bonds
11
Convert 500 μL to mL.
0.05 mL
50 mL
5 mL
0.5 mL
12
Convert 4.20×10
-4
to standard notation.
0.042
42,000
0.00042
0.00000042
13
Which of these is the primary photosynthetic pigment?
Carotene
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b
Xanthophyll
14
When does the nuclear envelope begin to reappear in daughter cells?
Telophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Prophase
15
What is NOT a feature of enzymes?
They can be composed of proteins or RNA
They have a narrow range of optimal conditions (pH, temp)
They can only be used once
They speed up biochemical reactions
16
What is an enzyme's role in the cell?
To allow solutes to pass through the membrane
To speed up biochemical reactions
To regulate salt concentration in the cell
To cause the color change we see in the iodine-starch test
17
When you "lose" fat, where does it go?
It is oxidized and exhaled as CO2
It is funneled into your intestines as feces
It gets stored in your jimbobs
It is excreted in urine
18
Select the TRUE statement about passive vs. active transport.
Small and nonpolar molecules require active transport.
Passive transport requires energy.
Diffusion & osmosis are examples for active transport.
O2 and CO2 can passively diffuse through the cell membrane.
19
What is the primary function of the electron transport chain?
To consume lots of CO2
To consume energy to make sugars
To produce lots of oxygen
To produce lots of energy through a proton gradient
20
During translation, ______ molecules bring amino acids corresponding to the mRNA codons.
tRNA
rRNA
ribosomal
Golgi vesicles
21
Which of these structures is
NOT
one that's found in vertebrate embryos?
Whiskers
Pharyngeal arches
Post-anal tail
Somites
22
Which of these is an example of a
biotic
factor in an ecosystem?
Sunlight
Water composition
Temperature
Fungus
23
Convert 0.00000079 to scientific notation.
0.79×10-6
7.9×10-7
790×10-8
7.9×10-10
24
Name this part of the microscope.
Objective lens
Stage
Condenser
Ocular eyepiece
25
Calculate the
TOTAL
magnification of a compound microscope set to the 40X objective.
100X
40X
4000X
400X
26
What is the base metric unit for mass?
grams (g)
kilograms (kg)
milligrams (mg)
pounds (lbs)
27
Which of these accurately describes the central dogma of biology?
RNA -> protein -> DNA
DNA -> amino acids -> protein
protein -> RNA -> DNA
DNA -> RNA -> protein
28
A substrate binds to an enzyme at its ____________
Active site
Aluminum site
Allosteric site
Allometric site
29
What was the purpose of heating the protease solution to 50°C during DNA extraction?
To make the plasma membranes more fluid
To prevent the DNA from dissolving
Because that protease's optimal temperature is 50°C
To denature the protease
30
Name the genus of this microscopic specimen.
epithelial cells
amoeba
Anabaena
Elodea
31
What is the base metric unit for measuring volume?
liters (L)
jimbobs (jb)
milliliters (mL)
microliters (μL)
32
Which of these is NOT a domain of life?
Archaea
Eureka
Bacteria
Eukarya
33
Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction: H
2
O
2
--> H
2
O + O
2
Protease
Bromelain
Rennilase
Catalase
34
______________ are the cells that make up the body of an organism.
Gametes
Somatic cells
Stem cells
Germ cells
35
Name the genus of this microscopic specimen.
Anabaena
Saccharomyces
Elodea
Spirogyra
36
What is the purpose of the control group in an experiment?
To better make predictions
To test & measure multiple variables
To isolate & observe the effect of the independent variable
37
Which of the three general bacterial shapes is pictured?
jimbobs
spirillum
coccus
bacillus
38
What is the term given to haploid cells that are non-viable for fertilization?
Germ cells
Daughter cells
Dead cells
Polar cells
39
Calculate the R
f
for xanthophyll.
0.5
5
50 mm
0.5 mm
40
The purpose of an experiment is to _______ the hypothesis, NOT _______ it.
prove; test
observe; conceptualize
test; prove
prove; disprove
41
Which enzyme did we use to MAKE cheese?
Rennilase
Catalase
Protease
Bromelain
42
Which enzyme did we use to BREAK down cheese?
Protease
Catalase
Bromelain
Rennilase
43
In which phase of mitosis do cells align along the midplate of the cell?
Prophase
Metaphase
Telophase
Anaphase
44
Which of these does NOT affect the rate of diffusion?
Temperature of medium
Transporter protein concentration in the membrane
Concentration gradient of the solute
Solute concentration
45
Name the organelles indicated by the red arrows.
Golgi vesicles
Centrioles
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
46
What is a hypothesis?
The collective term for all your variables
Your experimental prediction
The results of your experiment
A proposed explanation for your experimental prediction
47
How does a DNA nucleotide differ from an RNA nucleotide?
DNA lacks an -OH group at the 2' carbon
DNA's phosphate group is attached at the 4' carbon, not 5'
DNA's nitrogenous base is attached at the 2' carbon, not 1'
RNA lacks an -OH group at the 2' carbon
48
What are the monomeric units of carbohydrates?
Fatty acids
Monosaccharides
Amino acids
Disaccharides
49
What happens to a
human
enzyme if you heat it to 120°C?
It switches from catabolic to anabolic action
It denatures
It grows jimbobs
It speeds up
50
In the graph, what is the dependent variable?
Time
Motivation levels
Expectations
Reality
51
How is DNA compaction achieved?
chromosomes wrap around histones -> forms DNA
chromosomes wrap around DNA -> forms histones
DNA wraps around histones -> tightly packs into chromosomes
histones wrap around DNA -> tightly packs into chromosomes
52
Which statement is NOT true about prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles
Both cell types have chromosomes
Only prokaryotic cells have ribosomes
Eukaryotic cells sometimes have a cell wall
53
What tool is used to measure temperature?
Thermometer
Scale
Meterstick/ruler
Graduated cylinder
54
Which of these is NOT a product of
glycolysis
?
pyruvate
lactic acid
2 ATP (net)
NADH
55
What condition has this stoma been exposed to?
Light exposure
Dark exposure
Excess atmospheric O2
Excess atmospheric CO2
56
What is the difference between an anabolic and catabolic reaction?
Anabolic only acts on carbohydrates; catabolic does it all
Anabolic releases energy; catabolic requires energy input
Anabolic builds things up; catabolic breaks things down
Anabolic breaks things down; catabolic builds things up
57
Convert 9.0×10
9
to standard notation.
9,000,000 (9 million)
9,000,000,000,000 (9 trillion)
9,000,000,000 (9 billion)
9,000 (9 thousand)
58
What statement is NOT true about plants vs. animal cells?
Animal cells do not possess a cell wall
Plant cells do not contain centrioles
Plant cells possess lysosomes
Animal cells do not possess a central vacuole
59
Evaluate the expression: (1.7×10
4
) + (2.3×10
5
)
2.47×105
2.47×104
1.93×103
1.93×105
60
The monomeric units of proteins are _______ and they are linked by ________ bonds.
peptides; ionic
amino acids; hydrogen
amino acids; peptide
peptides; amino
61
Evaluate the expression: (1.2×10
5
)
+ (2.8×10
5
)
4.0×100
3.36×105
4.0×105
3.36×1010
62
Who is considered the father of modern genetics?
Charles Darwin
James Watson
Papa John
Gregor Mendel
63
At what point is O
2
actually consumed during cellular respiration?
Kreb's cycle
Electron transport chain
Fermentation
Glycolysis
64
Name the genus of this microscopic specimen.
Elodea
Saccharomyces
amoeba
mammalian bone tissue
65
Which fossil dating method is based on the principle that older layers of the crust form first?
Protein dating
Tinder dating
Relative dating
Absolute dating
66
What would happen to a
plant cell
placed in a
hypertonic
solution?
water moves out; plasmolysis
water moves in; turgid
water moves out; cytolysis
water moves in; cytolysis
67
What is the
genotypic ratio
resulting from the monohybrid cross: Aa x Aa?
1:1
3:1
4:0
1:2:1
68
What is the term for the movement of cytoplasm and organelles into the separate daughter cells?
Cytokinesis
Apoptosis
Cytosol
Telophase
69
In the dialysis tubing activity, what solution traveled INTO the tubing?
Ethanol
Iodine
Water
Corn starch
70
What amino acid is coded for by the codon UUU?
phenylalanine (Phe)
serine (Ser)
leucine (Leu)
cysteine (Cys)
71
Which of these is NOT part of nucleotide structure?
carboxyl terminus
phosphate group
pentose (5-carbon) sugar
nitrogenous base
72
Name the organelle indicated by the red arrow.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
73
What pH values are basic?
7
8-14
15-20
1-6
74
Which of these conditions indicates a population
NOT
in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
No mutation
No migration
Small population size
No selection
75
Evaluate the expression: (6.4×10
4
) ÷ (3.2×10
1
)
3.2×103
2.0×103
2.0×104
3.2×104
76
An organism that produces its own food using energy from the sun is a _________________
Heliotrope
Primary producer
Secondary producer
Primary consumer
77
What happens during the log phase of a population growth curve?
Adjusting to the new environment; low & slow growth
Birth rate = death rate; flat phase
Death rate exceeds birth rate
Exponential growth due to surplus of nutrients
78
Name the cell type pictured in this microscopic specimen.
amoeba
Elodea
epithelial cells (from cheek)
mammalian bone tissue
79
Which process of cell division results in 4 haploid cells?
Biogenesis
Meiosis
Mitosis
Checkpoint
80
What is the overall balanced equation for
photosynthesis
?
C6H12O6 + 6CO2 --> 6H2O + 6O2 + light energy
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP
6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
81
What is the difference between a dependent and independent variable?
Independent is controlled; dependent is not.
Independent is measured; dependent is what you change.
Dependent is controlled; independent is not.
Dependent is measured; independent is what you change.
82
Which of these enzymes is NOT important for DNA replication?
RNA primase
RNA polymerase
DNA polymerase
DNA helicase
83
What does an enzyme do to activation energy?
Increases it
Gives it jimbobs
Decreases it
Eliminates it
84
Which of these is NOT a pyrimidine?
cytosine
adenine
uracil
thymine
85
In the graph, what is the independent variable?
Time
Expectations
Motivation levels
Reality
86
Which wavelength has more energy, 450 nm or 680 nm?
680 nm
450 nm
87
The process that converts DNA to RNA is called...
DNA replication
translation
transcription
ablation
88
Convert 12 oz to grams. [1 oz = 28.3 g]
61 g
182.3 g
0.42 g
339.6 g
89
Which product of fermentation allows glycolysis to continue?
Pyruvate
Oxaloacetate
CO2
NAD+
90
What is the overall balanced equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + 36ATP
C6H12O6 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + light energy
CO2 + H2O + 36ATP --> C6H12O6 + O2
C6H12O6 --> CO2
91
In a eukaryotic cell, DNA replication and transcription both occur in the...
bathroom
nucleus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
cytosol
92
What did we use ninhydrin for in the enzymes lab?
To detect amino acids from broken down cheese
To detect starches from broken down cheese
To detect whole proteins from broken down cheese
As a pH indicator
93
Translation terminates when...
the cell contains too many proteins
the ribosome encounters a STOP codon
the protein chain becomes too long
the ribosome encounters an AUG codon
94
What was the purpose of adding lysis buffer during the DNA extraction activity?
To allow DNA to clump by binding to its negative charges
To precipitate the DNA
To disrupt the plasma and nuclear membranes
To break apart the proteins in the mixture
95
How do you properly measure volume in a graduated cylinder?
Read from top edges of meniscus at eye level
Read from bottom of meniscus at eye level
Read from center of meniscus at eye level
Read from bottom of meniscus from above
96
Which reagent test is pictured?
Benedict's Cucumberpatch
Iodine
Sudan
Biuret's
97
Purines like adenine and guanine have a __________ structure, making them relatively large.
starch-like
two-ring
one-ring
hydrophobic
98
The process that converts RNA to protein is called...
translation
ablation
DNA replication
transcription
99
What gas is produced in alcoholic fermentation, allowing this balloon to expand?
yeast farts
CO2
H2O vapor
O2
100
Evaluate the expression: (4.0×10
6
) × (2.0×10
2
)
8.0×1012
6.0×1012
6.0×108
8.0×108
101
What type of macromolecules are enzymes usually composed of?
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Proteins
DNA
102
What reagent test's range of results can be seen here?
Biuret's
Benedict's
Iodine
Sudan
103
You want to test the effect of soil types on plant growth. What are the controlled variables?
Amount of water plants receive
Plant growth
Amount of sunlight plants receive
Soil types
104
Which of these is the
correctly written
scientific name for humans?
homo sapiens
Homo Sapiens
Homo sapiens
Homo Sapiens
105
What are the components of experimental design?
Independent variable
Controlled variables
Dependent variable
Experimental & control groups
106
In the dialysis tubing activity, why couldn't the corn starch diffuse across the membrane?
Carbohydrates in general can't diffuse across the membrane
Corn starch is repelled from the dialysis membrane
Trick question; the corn starch DID diffuse!
Corn starch is too large of a molecule
107
What would happen to a
red blood cell
placed in a
hypotonic
solution?
water moves in; turgid
water moves out; plasmolysis
water moves in; cytolysis
water moves out; cytolysis
108
Which of these pathways is
aerobic
?
Glycolysis
Ethanol fermentation
Kreb's cycle
Lactic acid fermentation
109
What antibodies are present in the plasma of someone of type O+ blood?
A, B, Rh
A, B
Rh
O
110
A monomer of a nucleic acid is called a(n)...
nucleotide
amino acid
fatty acid
nuclear envelope
111
Name the genus of the pictured microscopic specimen.
amoeba
Elodea
Volvox
Spirogyra
