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APES - Earth Systems (shorter) Flashcards | StudBud
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APES - Earth Systems (shorter)
APES - Earth Systems (shorter)
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AP Environmental Science review covering Earth Systems.
Flashcards
45 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
45
Answers
1
Which of the following statements regarding freshwater is NOT true?
Only about 0.024% of all water is readily available to us.
1/6 people do not have sufficient access to clean water
It is one of the most important forms of natural capital.
Water is a well-managed & appreciated resource.
2
What type of irrigation is b/w 90-95% efficient and delivers water to individual plant roots?
Rotary systems
Drip Irrigation
LEPA Center pivot
Gravity Flow
3
Describe the process in which stratospheric ozone forms.
Oxygen reacts with UV to form photochemical smog.
Oxygen molecules interact with particulate matter
Oxygen molecules in the stratosphere interact with UV
Oxygen in the troposphere interacts with UV radiation.
4
What is the major benefit of having a healthy ozone layer?
It prevents both UV-B and UV-C from reaching earth.
It blocks all harmful waves of radiation.
It prevents most UV-B from reaching earth's surface.
It prevents UV-C from reaching earth's surface.
5
Which of the following describe La Niña?
Usually causes with warm ocean temperatures in Pacific Ocean
Usually causes cooler than normal temperatures.
Occurs along the tropical west coast of South America.
Climate pattern that describes cooling of surface waters
6
What is natural recharge?
Natural replenishment of an aquifer by precipitation.
Natural process of restoring nitrates into soil.
Natural restoration of valuable resources such as trees.
Natural replenishment of a watershed in a sensitive area.
7
Describe the process that forms oceanic ridges.
When plates slide and grind past one another.
When two oceanic plates collide.
When oceanic plates move apart, magma flows through cracks.
When continental plates move apart, causing magma to rise.
8
Which of the following is NOT a true statement regarding earth's water composition?
The atmosphere contains 3% of the surface freshwater.
Glaciers and ice caps make up 68.7% of the freshwater.
Ground ice & permafrost hold only 30% of surface freshwater
Groundwater makes up 30.1% of earth's freshwater.
9
Please list the different concentric zones of the earth, starting from the inner-most layer.
Core, mantle, asthenosphere, crust
Core, asthenosphere, mantle, crust
Asthenosphere, crust, mantle, core
Crust, asthenosphere, mantle, core
10
Which of the following would conserve soil?
Soil salinization
Monocultures
High-yield polyculture
Aquifer depletion
11
When does desertification occur? (Choose all that apply).
When overgrazing and deforestation reduce/degrade topsoil.
When forest fires prevent erosion from occurring.
When productive potential of topsoil falls by >10%
When deforestation allows for more annual plants to grow.
12
What are estuaries?
Harsh coastal ecosystems with only occasional water changes
Coastal land areas covered with water all/part of the year.
Unproductive ecosystems with low nutrient levels.
When rivers meet the sea, mixing water as well as nutrients
13
What is weathering?
The different processes that break down rocks into soil.
Internal processes that build up the earth's surface.
When acid deposition quickly breaks down monuments.
The climactic changes in weather.
14
Briefly describe the process of subduction.
When oceanic plates move apart, creating ocean ridges.
Continental crust rides over and pushes down oceanic plate.
Oceanic plate rides over and pushes continental into mantle.
When oceanic and continental plates collide and rise up.
15
A soil with 30% clay, 50% sand, and 20% silt is called:
Sandy Clay Loam
Sandy Loam
Sandy Clay
Loamy Sand
16
What is the atmosphere?
A blanket of gases with a homogeneous density of molecules.
A thin blanket of gases surround earth, divided into layers.
A thick blanket of gases consisting of spherical layers.
Blanket of gases that increases in pressure with altitude.
17
Which of the following are characteristics of the rock cycle?
Rocks are broken down, melted, fused together and heated.
It plays a major role in forming concentrated deposits
It is the slowest of the earth's cyclic processes.
It involves, in order: erosion, weathering, transportation.
18
Which of the following describe volcanic hotspots? (Click all that apply).
They are places within the mantle where magma is generated.
They are created by anomalous volcanism
An example is the Hawaiian volcanoes within the Pac. Plate
They are located along the Pacific Plate boundaries
19
What is salinity?
The measure of salinity and its impact on turbidity.
The measure of dissolved salt in water in general.
The measure of turbidity and salt averaged together.
The measure of dissolved salt in oceanic water.
20
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Ogallala Aquifer in the United States?
It has forced the Great Plains to become a barren farmland.
It supplies about 1/3 of all groundwater in the USA.
It lies under 8 midwestern states
It is the world's largest known aquifer.
21
What natural services do inland wetlands provide? (Choose all that may apply).
Reducing flooding, erosion, and overflows.
Filtering and degrading toxic wastes and pollutants.
Maintaining biodiversity by providing habitats.
Natural recharge of groundwater aquifers.
22
What are/were CFCs used for?
Coolants in air conditioners and refrigerators
Propellants in aerosol spray cans
Cleaners for electric parts such as computer chips
All of the following are/were uses for CFCs.
23
Which of the following regarding tectonic plates is true?
They do not cause/form mountains, volcanoes, or earthquakes.
Continental plates usually ride below oceanic plates.
Much geologic activity at the surface occurs at boundaries
Tectonic plates' boundaries are not active at the surface.
24
What is seafloor spreading?
Movement & spreading of ocean crust above continental crust.
Formation of new ocean crust as result of magma pushing up.
When lava pushes & spreads seafloor u from subsurface.
Spreading of ocean crust solely due to earthquakes.
25
Which of the following are true regarding the process of desalination? (Select all that apply).
It does not involve using chemicals to sterilize water.
Methods include distillation and reverse osmosis.
It involves removing dissolved salts from ocean/salty water.
Saudi Arabia gets ~70% of its drinking water from it.
26
Please list the layers of the atmosphere in order (starting from layer nearest to surface).
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere
Troposp., Stratosp., Mesosphere, Thermosp., Exosphere
Thermosphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Troposphere
Stratosphere, Troposphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere
27
All of the following are characteristics of the formation of oceanic gyres except:
They move cold water from the poles to the equator.
They bring cool air to coastline, warm air to continents
They move clockwise in the N. Hemisphere
They form when water moves direction of prevailing winds
28
Two examples of igneous rock include:
Limestone and lignite
Lava rock and granite
Marble and slate
Sandstone and shale
29
Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with widespread use of desalination?
Need for large pipes and chemicals, which kills marine life
High cost due to expensive energy needed for removing salt.
Huge amounts of salty wastewater produced.
All of these options are problems regarding desalination.
30
What is the focus of an earthquake?
Located above the surface.
Located where an earthquake ends.
Place where an earthquake begins, below surface.
Located directly above epicenter
31
Which of the following describe the Ring of Fire?
String of volcanoes and seismic activity sites
Located at edges of Pacific Ocean, at plate boundaries.
It is where about 90% of all earthquakes occur.
All of preceding options are correct.
32
What is the Coriolis effect? (Choose all that may apply).
It is the weakest at the poles, strongest at equator.
Occurs due to the rotation of the Earth on its axis.
The apparent curvature of global winds and ocean currents.
The effect is strongest at the poles, nonexistent at equator
33
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Colorado River?
Its water is used to produce about 1% of all US crops
Little from the river reaches the sea due to overuse.
Water from the river supports cities in desert-like climate.
It has experienced prolonged drought since 1999.
34
Which of the following is not an effect of El Nino?
Flooding in Bolivia, Ecuador, Northern Peru, and Cuba.
Hurricanes in Hawaii, Brazil, and Ecuador.
Droughts in southern Africa, India, Sri Lanka, and Australia
Hurricanes in Tahiti and Hawaii.
35
Which of the following describe an El Niño effect (see image below)?
I, II, III, and IV.
I and II only.
I, II, IV only
I, II, III only.
36
Characterize the following by plate boundary: Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Himalayas, San Andreas fault
Divergent; transform; convergent
Convergent; divergent; transform
Divergent; convergent; transform
Transform; convergent; divergent
37
The roots of most plants and the majority of a soil's organic matter are concentrated in:
The A horizon and B horizon
The A horizon and E horizon
The O horizon only.
The O horizon and A horizon
38
Why does climate vary in different parts of the earth?
All of the options are correct reasons.
Global air circulation patterns distribution
Ocean currents distribute heat and precipitation unevenly.
Uneven heating of the earth's surface by the sun.
39
Which of the following are examples of ozone-depleting chemicals (indicate all that apply).
Carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform, n-propyl bromide
Methyl bromide (fumigant) and hydrogen chloride
Halons and HBFCs (used in fire extinguishers).
Hexachlorobutadiene
40
Which of the following correctly lists, by (%), the present-day composition of the atmosphere?
CO2, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, water vapor, trace gases.
Oxygen, nitrogen, argon, CO2, water vapor, trace gases
Nitrogen, oxygen, CO2, argon, water vapor, trace gases
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, CO2, Water vapor, trace gases
41
What type of boundary forms when oceanic plates slide & grind past one another along fractures?
Oceanic ridges
A subduction zone
A trench boundary
A transform fault
42
Which of the following events are capable of causing mudslides? (Choose all that apply).
Earthquakes
Droughts
Volcanic eruptions
Heavy rains
43
What is sedimentary rock?
Forms when rock undergoes high temperatures or pressures.
Forms below or on earth's surface when lava cools.
Made of dead plant and animal remains and weathered rocks.
Examples include sandstone, shale, slate, and marble.
44
What is climate? (Click all that apply).
An area's general pattern of atmospheric conditions
Weather patterns of the last week averaged together.
General patterns that occur over at least 3 decades
Short-term atmospheric conditions that change often
45
All of the following describe air circulation cells except:
They are caused by the Coriolis effect.
Global air circulation patterns caused by uneven heating.
They are also known as ENSO.
They include, from equator to poles: Hadley, Ferrel, Polar.
