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Psych 202 Final Exam ALL Quizs Spring 2021 Flashcards | StudBud
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Psych 202 Final Exam ALL Quizs Spring 2021
Psych 202 Final Exam ALL Quizs Spring 2021
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1
Retroactive Interference is...
When you lose access to old memories after an accident
When you cannot form new memories after an accident
When older memories interfere with forming new ones
When new memories interfere with recalling older ones
2
What happens if the cochlea is damaged?
Lose your hearing.
Increase your hearing.
Decrease your hearing.
Not influence your hearing.
3
What is sensation?
detecting and encoding energy from your body
Detecting and encoding energy from your environment
organizing information
interpreting sensory information
4
A storage level of memory where information can be held briefly, from seconds to less than a minute.
sensory memory
short-term memory
declarative memory
long-term memory
5
All of the following are part of the ABCs of operant conditioning EXCEPT
The voluntary action that takes place.
The stimuli that already have a learned response.
The stimuli that increases or decreases likelihood of repeating behavior.
The stimuli that precede the behavior and signal the consequence.
6
Empiricism is the belief that:
all truth exists in the mind
the experience of the mind can only be known by introspection
truth, as such, as such does not exist
direct observation is the best source of knowledge
7
The best example of confirmation bias is...
a person who is miserable but still tries to smile
refusing to be persuaded by views do not match your own
someone who deliberately answers a questionnaire falsely
your FB feed where the news article support your views
8
If congress passed a law that laws that restrict where Muslim women can wear the hijab, this is an example of __ .
prejudice
explicit racism
aversive racism
symbolic racism
9
Why is a therapeutic alliance beneficial?
because it creates a dependent relationship
because it helps us become self-actualized
because it allows therapists to show empathy
because it can help clients gain confience
10
What is a phoneme?
a meaning piece of a word
the sound each individual letter makes
the letter or letters that represent a sound
the smallest unit of sound in a word
11
What was significant about Erikson's contributions to human development?
First to suggest unconscious forces influence development
First to propose that children develop via interactions with the world
First to propose that children learn through scaffolding
First to argue that adolescents struggle for identity
12
Jose is very organized, and he schedules everything in his life. Jose is most likely high is what Big Five trait?
neuroticism
conscientiousness
agreeableness
extroversion
13
The primacy effect is when an individual
Remembers the last items in a list the most.
Remembers the items in the middle of the list the most.
Remembers the first items in a list the most.
Remembers the first and last items in a list the most.
14
The misinformation effect refers to the
incorporation of misleading information into memory.
the eerie sense that “I've been in this situation before.”
disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall.
tendency to recall experiences that are consistent mood.
15
Which of these is NOT TRUE of case study methodology?
Case studies allow for a rich data set because single individual is studied
Case studies allow new theories to be formulated
Case studies can be easily generalized to the wider population
Case studies usually involve studying individuals who are rare/unusual
16
What is egocentrism?
These are all parts of egocetrism
The inability to perceive others as important
The inability to take the perspective of another
Referencing the self prior to thinking about others
17
Prosopagnosia is defined as...
An inability to recognize familiar and unfamiliar faces
An inability to recognize visually presented objects
A failure to hear objects
A failure to perceive objects
18
If stimulating someone's temporal lobe causes them to hear sounds, this means that
the corpus callosum has been severed
the person has cancer
certain brain regions process specific information
the person is delusional
19
Which of the following is not involved in the HPA axis?
ACTH
All answers are involved in the HPA axis
Cortisol
Pituitary gland
20
According to the reminiscence bump, which event would someone be most likely to remember?
a typical breakfast last week
learning to walk as a baby
graduating from college
their fourth birthday
21
What are the behavioral effects of serotonin?
Modulated mood, suppressed appetite
Increased pleasure, suppressed appetite
Increased arousal, suppressed appetite
Increased learning, enhanced memory
22
Which part of a neuron is damaged in multiple sclerosis?
Dendrite
Axon
Cell body
Myelin sheathing
23
Which of the following is NOT a part of primary appraisal of stress?
If the event is stressful
If the event is relevant, but not threatening
Evaluation of coping resources
If the event is irrelevant
24
Which is not a characteristic of a hypothesis?
Capable of being tested
You think you are right
Falsifiable
Consistent with well established facts
25
Serotonin is associated with what in the brain?
excitation of neurons
mood regulation
reward system
inhibition of neurons
26
spacing effect
Effects that happen in Space
Studying over time to yield better long term retention
Forgetting what you are saying while you are saying it
Repeating information over and over until to stays in LTM
27
What is a prototype?
representative category members
an abstract representation of all category members
an representation of an idea in a category
something new that is being tested
28
The defense mechanism of denial is..
keeping unwanted feelings, thoughts, and memories below consciousness
preventing perception of a painful or threatening reality as it's occurring
seeing others as possessing a disliked trait or feeling
redirecting the id's aggression from source to more defenseless targets
29
One major difference between humanist and behavioral therapy is
Behaviorists focus on childhood
A behavioral therapist offers medicine
A Humanist therapist uncovers unconscious conflict
A humanist therapist focuses more on empathy
30
Threshold is ____
Neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres
The level of stimulation needed to trigger a neural impulse
Base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing rate
Chemical messengers that cross synaptic gaps between neurons
31
A mental shortcut that allows people to efficiently solve problems and make judgments and decisions.
Algorithm
Heuristic
Restructuring
Insight
32
If I compare 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 year olds, what research design am I using?
Experimental
Sequential
Longitudinal
Cross sectional
33
Persuasion means... (you can pick more than 1 answer)
An attempt to influence a person's behaviors, attitudes, or intentions
The act of convincing someone to do or believe something
Forcing someone to do or believe in something
The act of using coercion to force others to do something
34
What does chunking mean?
referring the information to yourself and your life
grouping information together into smaller groups to increase memory
studying in numerous short sessions rather than one large study session
rehearsing the information over and over
35
What is relative size?
parallel lines will convey in the distance
large objects are far and small objects are close
large objects are close and small objects are far
the closer object will partially cover the further object
36
How does physical exercise and exposure to nature NOT help treat psychological disorders?
there are benefits to green exercise (outdoor physical exercise)
increasing physical exercise can reduce negative psychological symptoms
high levels of exercise are associated with high levels of symptoms
easy access to green space is associated w/ greater well-being &less stress
37
What is the BEST example of a mental set?
a doctor seeing similar symptoms but making different diagnoses
Christmas occurring each year
Doing what another person does
not studying for a test, getting a 99%, and never studying again
38
Which is NOT a type of taste bud?
Spicy
Sweet
Bitter
Sour
39
Which of the following is not true about health disparities?
Higher socioeconomic status (SES) is related to better health outcomes
Perceived social status is related to general health outcomes
Racial and ethnic disparities in health are not linked to increased stress
Early and prolonged stress changes someone's response to stress
40
Which part of a neuron is damaged in multiple sclerosis?
Cell body
axon
Dendrite
Myelin sheathing
41
TREPHINATION IS
THERAPY INTENDED TO HELP DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY DISORDERS
A SYSTEM OF DIAGNOSIS FOR MENTAL ILLNESS
CUTTING A HOLE IN THE SKULL TO LET THE DEMONS OUT
A WAY OF MEASURING BRAIN WAVES
42
A mental shortcut that allows people to efficiently solve problems and make judgments and decisions.
Restructuring
Insight
Algorithm
Heuristic
43
All of these are examples of Growth Mindset except
I am afraid of making a mistake
I can always find a way to improve
Challenges make me better
With more practice it will get easier
44
What form of memory retrieval are you using when answering this multiple-choice question?
relearning
free-recall
recall
recognition
45
What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?
Achieving self-actualization and becoming the best person you can
When a person behaves according the the label given to them
A label you give yourself based on past experience
When you have fulfilled one of your goals
46
A researcher examines drug dosage (0 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg) for treating depression. What is the control group?
50 mg
depression
100 mg
0 mg
47
A: It involves applying rapid pulses of magnetic stimulation to the brain from a coil held near the scalp.
vagal nerve stimulation
electroconvulsive therapy
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
deep brain stimulation
48
How do neurotransmitters move from neuron to neuron?
cross the synaptic cleft
attach to mitochondria and flow out of cell
the axon and dendrite are touching so they pass the electrical current
move across terminal branches
49
Bob lost his job. An example of problem-focused coping would be
meeting a mate at a pub to have a drink.
catching up with a friend and venting about the situation.
updating his resume and applying for new jobs.
ignoring the problem and wishing it is all a dream.
50
What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?
When a person behaves according the the label given to them
A label you give yourself based on past experience
When you have fulfilled one of your goals
Achieving self-actualization and becoming the best person you can
51
Developmental psychology is the study of:
changes in behavior & abilities from conception to death.
the role of maturation in the unfolding of human potential
the stages of life and the important tasks of each.
language,personality,& emotions of children and adolescents.
52
How does the charge inside the neuron change when it fires?
positive to more positive
negative to more negative
positive to negative
negative to positive
53
What is the belief perseverance?
the tendency to be more confident than correct
judging the likelihood of things
not being able to see a problem from a new perspective
clinging to the initial conceptions after being discredited
54
Mood disorder alternating between extreme highs and lows
Panic Disorder
Schizophrenia
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
55
Vicarious punishment occurs when
Learning by observing another person's behaviors
Observing someone receivenegative consequences for behavior and not copying
Observing someone receivepositive consequences for behavior and copying
Imitating what the model does
56
Are the soccer teams in one school district a population sample?
sample
population
57
Echoic Memory holds ...
images for a very short time
sounds for a very short time
images for a very long time
sounds for a very long time
58
What is the main idea of the diathesis-stress model?
Genes plus major stress can trigger disease
Fear of death can trigger disease
Too much dieting can create disease
People vary in their sensitivity to stressors
59
Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by:
distrust in others
seeing things that aren't there
odd or eccentric ideas and behaviors
mistrust and suspicion
60
Stressors can fall into three broad categories. Which is not one of those categories?
major life events
transient events
daily hassles
catastrophic events
61
What is dual processing theory?
ability of the brain to simultaneously process incoming stimuli
when we’re making decisions, we use two different systems of thinking
understanding stimuli in a particular, serial order
being able to do to tasks at the same time.
62
If my parents created an environment that fosters psychology, this interacts with my biology. Example of what?
nature and nurture interaction
phenotypes and genes
nature
nurture
63
Which is the best example of cognitive dissonance?
you think sleep is beneficial so you get 8 hours of sleep each night
if you like chocolate but you also think pizza is better
if you like Muzna because she is pretty
if you think the gym is good for you but don't go to the gym
64
What are mirror neurons?
Neurons that fire when people perform and watch someone perform a behavior
Neurons that help provide sense and meaning to information in the cortex
Neurons that are different but look like other neurons
Neurons that relay information from one neuron to another
65
Number 2 on this neuron is the...
Dendrites
Myelin sheath
Cell body
Axon
66
What does the 'correlation co-efficient' tell us?
Tells the strength of the relationship between 2 variables
Tells how accurate a test is
Gives the margin of error of a test
It gives us qualitative data
67
What scan type is best for detecting real time electrical firing of neurons?
EEG
PET
CT
fMRI
68
Which of these is an example of the foot-in-the-door technique?
Asking for a large sum of cash, then ask for a smaller sum
Someone asks for directions & then asks you to go with them
Asking Richard to do a dance because everyone else did a dance
Asking for the week off, then ask for 1 day off
69
Function of the Occipital Lobe
Movement, orientation, recognition & perception of stimuli
auditory processing, memory, & speech
reasoning, problem solving, speech, & movement
visual processing
70
__ estimates indicate that about half of personality trait variability is due to genetic factors.
Genetic
Statistical
Behavioral
Heritability
71
Which is the best example of Chronic Stress?
Caring for a chronically ill family member for years
You cannot find your keys
Exam 3 in Introduction to Psychology
A car accident where no one is seriously injured
72
What is the best description of someone with a Dependent personality disorder?
submissiveness and excessive need to be taken care of
excessive emotions and seeks attention
distrust, others are evil
intense interest in being orderly, having control, and perfection
73
Delusion or halluciation?
Believing someone is watching you
delusion
hallucination
74
Fact or Opinion: Dendrite is a Greek word that means "tree".
Opinion
Fact
75
A person with antisocial personality disorder would most likely...
Cry after shaking someone’s hand
Believe the new neighbor was an evil foreign spy
Steal someone’s watch at a party
Hide in the closet when a stranger rang the doorbell
76
Dopamine
Drugs release dopamine which tricks the brain into thinking the substance
Is released when we enjoy something
Characteristics of addictive behavior arises from the brain’s reward center
All of the above
77
To learn appropriate social behavior, Juan watches Jose's social interactions and copies them. This is called ___ .
in vivo exposure
modeling
contingency management
vicarious reinforcement
78
What is a stressor?
a short term amount of stress
anything that requires you to cope or adapt
a large amount of stress
stress that causes organs to shut down
79
Which of the following is not involved in the HPA axis?
ACTH
Cortisol
Pituitary gland
All answers are involved in the HPA axis
80
In classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus becomes the _____ after conditioning.
Unconditioned Stimulus
Unconditioned Response
Conditioned Response
Conditioned Stimulus
81
What is a concordance rate?
Likelihood of twins having different traits
Likelihood of siblings having same traits
Likelihood of twins having same trait
Likelihood of siblings having different traits
82
According to the Triangular theory of love, what component(s) would "friends with benefits" include?
passion+intimacy
passion
intimacy+passion+commitment
intimacy
83
Validity
appropriateness or accuracy of a conclusion.
getting the same result each time a measurement is taken.
measurements that are made without bias.
reliability and objectivity.
84
If the axon of a neuron does not work, what happens to the neuron?
it cannot receive messages but it can send messages
it will not insulate the dendrites and can cause cell death
it can send messages but cannot release neurotransmitters
it can receive messages but it cannot send messages
85
Structures called the Ossicles
Outer, Middle, Inner Ear
Malleus, Incus, Stapes
Cochlea, Semicircular Canals, Eustachian Tube
Hammer, Anvil, Stirrup
86
Construct validity is important because
it measures if the tool will produce the same measurement
it tells you how important and impactful your results are
it tells you whether the results generalize to other populations
it measures how well variables were operationalized and manipulated
87
What does the pupil do?
covers and protects the eye from the outside world
nothing it's a hole
turns light into neural information
focuses the light
88
Nonassociative learning involves a change in the ______ of and response to a _____ stimulus.
behavior; repeated
magnitude; unpleasant
behavior; pleasant
magnitude; repeated
89
If stimulating someone's temporal lobe causes them to hear sounds, this means that
certain brain regions process specific information
the person has cancer
the corpus callosum has been severed
the person is delusional
90
What does the somatosensory cortex do?
It processes auditory information
It processes tactile information
It processes visual information
It generates all motor commands for the body
91
What is Agoraphobia?
Fear of a loved one being hurt
Fear of social situations
Fear of heights
Fear of open spaces or crowds
92
Finish this phrase: Correlation ...
helps us understand the world
never lies about the facts
does not equal causation
shows differences in data
93
Whorf’s linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that
Infancy is a critical period for language development.
All languages share a similar grammar.
Words shape the way people think.
Our linguistic proficiencies influence our social status.
94
What is the explicit memory of facts and general knowledge?
episodic memory
semantic memory
priming
memory consolidation
95
Latent learning occurs ...
A permanent and lasting change in behavior from experience
when we observe another person experience consequences for their behavior
withouteither incentive or any clear motivation to learn
when we suddenly realize how to do something
96
Name Design: Ask people to answer a series of questions about political views.
naturalistic observation
case study
experimental
survey
97
What is Amplitude?
The distance between any two consecutive crests
The maximum extent of a wave
The height of the crests of a wave
The number of cycles per second of a wave
98
During Piaget's concrete operational stage children are capable of what?
Can think about abstract concepts
All the above
To think about moral reasoning at an adult level
Thinking logically about concrete events
99
In the general aggression model, all of the following are factors that contribute to acts of aggression.
impulsivity of response
triggering events
a history of aggressive actions
personality
100
A: A biological treatment that involves stimulating specific parts of the brain with implanted electrodes.
vagal nerve stimulation
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
electroconvulsive therapy
deep brain stimulation
101
Bob lost his job. An example of problem-focused coping would be
updating his resume and applying for new jobs.
catching up with a friend and venting about the situation.
ignoring the problem and wishing it is all a dream.
meeting a mate at a pub to have a drink.
102
Why does the bystander effect occur?
Situation does not look real
Confidentiality
Diffusion of Responsibilty
Anonymity
103
What chemical facilitates bonding in humans?
serotonin
dopamine
oxytocin
adrenaline
104
All of the following are characteristics of Down syndrome EXCEPT:
delays in motor development
strong emotional reactivity
increased risk for health problems
intellectual disabilities
105
Opponent process theory _______________
states that black and white cannot be seen simultaneously.
there are three types of cones.
states that sensory receptors come in pairs.
cannot explain afterimages.
106
Albert Bandura's Bobo doll experiment showed that kids used
observational learning
confirmation bias
latent learning
hindsight bias
107
The capability to think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, reason, plan, solve problems, and learn from experience.
Crystalized intelligence
Fluid intelligence
Intelligence
General intelligence (g)
108
What is an example of crystallized intelligence?
acquiring new skills
problem solving
knowledge on a subject
solving a puzzle
109
What does the amygdala do?
Controls your emotions.
Controls your memory.
Controls your movements.
Helps you make plan actions.
110
What is the just noticeable difference?
A fair change that is noticeable when not paying attention.
The smallest amount of stimulus we can detect.
The only thing that is detected as change
Smallest amount of change needed before we detect a change.
111
What is Implicit memory?
memory that includes a person's personal experience
long term storage of unconscious mem. that cant be described
memory that includes a person's knowledge about the world.
memories that can be verbally described
112
Sensory adaptation refers to
process where stimulus energies are changed into impulses
diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus
process of organizing & interpreting sensory information
changes in the shape of the lens as it focuses on objects
113
A: Three types of dysfunctional beliefs related to oneself, the world, and the future.
Q: What is the negative triad?
Q: What is Gestalt therapy?
Q: What is rational emotive behavioral therapy?
Q: What is cognitive restructuring?
114
The most common anxiety disorder that involves exaggerated worry about life.
specific phobia
generalized anxiety disorder
panic disorder
obsessive compulsive disorder
115
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by
extreme mood swings
impulsivity, fidgeting, and difficulty in shifting attention
loss of interest in pleasurable activities
physical aggression towards humans and animals
116
What type of operant conditioning (consequence) is a sticker chart?
Positive reinforcement
Negative punishment
Positive punishment
Negative reinforcement
117
What is cognition?
Knowledge and problem solving
Thinking
Language and decision making
All of these answer options are part of cognition
118
What is a language acquisition device?
A way of learning language through reinforcement.
A way of learning language.
An innate mechanism for learning language.
A way of learning language through sensory experience.
119
Which of the following is characteristic of a psychological disorder not a syndrome?
A disturbance in an individual that is associated with distress
An expectableresponse to common stressors and losses
Simple deviance from social norms
A culturally appropriate response to a particular event
120
The stage of general adaptation syndrome consisting of an increase in physiological arousal is
exhaustion.
alarm.
combat preparation.
resistance.
121
What changed as a result of Phineas Gage's accident?
Long term Memory
Short term Memory
Executive functions
Personality
122
What is an agonist ?
drugs that mimic neurottransmitters in the brain
drugs that block neurotransmitters in the brain
drugs that release endogenous endorphins
neurotransmitters in the brain
123
The person × situation interactions model posits that to understand and predict behavior, it's necessary to account for
the situation people find themselves in
personal dispositions
the interaction between personal dispositions and the situation
All answer options must be accounted for in this model
124
Which of the following would a psychologist study?
The impact of one social group on another social group
The evolution of human beings
The way that the human mind influences behavior
The genetic link between prenatal smoking and ADHD
125
Which topic would someone studying criminal justice be the most interested in?
False memories
Therapy
Conformity
Obedience
126
What is the difference between group polarization and groupthink?
group cohesion; enhancing an opinion within a group
group unanimity; enhancing an opinion within a group
group unanimity; group cohesion
enhancing an opinion within a group; group unanimity
127
What is Amplitude?
The number of cycles per second of a wave
The distance between any two consecutive crests
The height of the crests of a wave
The maximum extent of a wave
128
what does the temporal lobe do?
it controls movements
it controls touch
it controls hearing
it controls vision
129
Which of the following statements describes someone with Type B personality.
"I anger easily so do not mess with me, buddy."
"I need to know what time it is and check my schedule."
"I am going to be number 1 no matter what it takes."
"I like to think about my past experiences to grow."
130
The likelihood of perceiving a stimulus change is proportional to the magnitude of the stimuli
opponent-process theory
signal detection theory
absolute threshold
Weber's law
131
What is a morpheme?
most basic unit of speech used in a sentence
most basic unit of speech
most basic unit of speech that has meaning
Symbol for letter sounds
132
What is a stereotype threat?
Stereotypes that threaten others
Unconscious, stereotype knowledge that hinders performance
A stereotype that has a positive effect on people
The positive use of stereotypes in the classroom
133
How does perceived control over a stressful event influence the effects of stress on a person?
A lack of control increases harmful effects of stress.
A lack of control decreases harmful effects of stress
Control over events increases harmful effects of stress
Perceived control does not affect how we feel about stress
134
Coding system of the Phonological Loop
Auditory
Olfactory
Tactile
Visual
135
Neurogenesis is the formation of
new memory
new glial cells
new neurons
new neurotransmitters
136
A: Characteristics that describe who a person is and explain how they typically behave. Q: What are __ ?
cardinal traits
secondary traits
central traits
traits
137
Who forms beliefs based on systematic observations?
rationalists
everyday people
introspectionists
empiricists
138
What is the Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad?
Processes visual and spatial information
Coordinates the subsystems & allocates processing resources
Processes information in terms of sound
Storage component with capacity of about 4 chunks
139
Validity
a clear statement about what students are to learn.
making sense of problems and persevering in solving them.
the soundness of your interpretations and uses of results.
reliability and objectivity
140
What is a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement?
The inability to see a new use for things
The ability to see a new use for things
Reinforcing an action after it has been done certain times
Reinforcing an action after a certain amount of time
141
Habituation is
when we recover a response becasue a novel stimulus is presented
when an organism gets use to its new environment when it is moved
when the organism increases their responses to a novel stimulus
when an organism decrease its response to a repetitive stimulus
142
The rapid shift to online social interaction has negatively impacted social relationships in all the following EXCEPT:
Perception of a broad social network is associated w/ higher stress levels
Higher likelihood of ignoring & neglecting people in same physical space
Others reacting negatively to people with low self-esteem who self-disclose
Momentary drops in happiness with frequent checking of social media & email
143
If you learned that there was a pop quiz that you prepared for, what do you experience?
fight-or-flight response
challenge reactivity
chronic stress
threat reactivity
144
Which branch of psychology focuses on how we interact with and relate to others?
health
clinical
social
industrial and organizational
145
What is object permanence?
A child knows an item exists when it isn't seen
A child can see other peoples viewpoints
The child knows how to play with hot wheels
A child can successfully stack blocks
146
What is proprioception?
Awareness of your body's position in space
How strong you are
How mentally quick you are
How flexible you are
147
Which of the following examples demonstrates a social role
acting one way in public but privately thinking or feeling something else
the thing you eat at a social dinner
the way you expect your teacher to behave
the things you expect to happen in a restaurant
148
What is the best description of what happens during secondary appraisal?
evaluate our coping options and resources
focusing on how we change the problem
how to deal with our emotions from the stressful situation
determine the extent to which additional resources are needed
149
What is transduction?
The stimulation of the senses
Making sense of the outside world
Sensory stimulation without perception
Transforming signals into neural impulses
150
Which Parenting Style is this?
Disengaged
Authoritarian
Authoritative
Permissive
151
All are forms of positive punishment EXCEPT -
Writing a letter of apology
Time out
Spanking
Getting extra chores
152
What are teratogens?
a collection of congenital problems associated with alcohol
structures that allow oxygen & nutrients to pass to fetus
any external agent that can harm an embryo or fetus
a one-celled organism formed by the union of a sperm and egg
153
Which of these are not detected by the parietal Lobe ?
Pain
Sound
Touch
Temperature
154
Operant conditioning is learning through ______
watching others
experience
consequences
pairing stimuli
155
People who report having a larger and more supportive social network have all of the following EXCEPT
Increased lifespans
Stronger immune systems
Lower blood pressure
More stress hormones
156
What is Syntax?
The meaning of a sentence
The study of how syllables make up words.
A tax payable for sentences that are incomprehensible.
How we combine words into sentences.
157
The medulla oblongata
relays visual and auditory info to the thalamus
regulates breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure
regulates balance and fine motor movements
regulates sleep cycles
158
The neurotransmitter Glutamate is responsible for:
mood regulation
excitation of neurons
reward system
inhibition of neurons
159
All of the following are the criteria for causation EXCEPT
One variable must precede the other
A large, representative sample
No reasonable alternative explanations
Two variables must be correlated
160
The Asch Conformity Experiment found that:
eventually people give in to peer pressure and conform
people generally don't change their minds
people have a hard time agreeing
people see spatial distance differently
161
What does resilience mean?
Having high levels of stress
Tendency to think positively
Willing to try new things
Tendency to get along with other people
162
What is an authoritarian parent?
Gives little little direction lax on obedience
Rigid highly punitive demanding obedience
Firm but fair tries to explain parental decisions
Emotionally detached and unloving
163
Opponent process theory _______________
states that black and white cannot be seen simultaneously.
states that sensory receptors come in pairs.
there are three types of cones.
cannot explain afterimages.
164
What is the tip of tongue phenomenon?
losing access to all past memory
failing to retrieve a word from memory
having more than 1 answer at a time
inability to form new memories
165
Juan tried losing weight numerous times, changed his diet, and took diet pills. "I will always be overweight." This is_.
learned helplessness
internal locus of control
depressive realism
outcome efficacy
166
The best example of confirmation bias is...
refusing to be persuaded by views do not match your own
your FB feed where the news article support your views
a person who is miserable but still tries to smile
someone who deliberately answers a questionnaire falsely
167
The 3 stages of the Atkinson-Shiffrin information processing memory model are...
Sensory memory, short term memory, long term memory
Input, Process, output
Hippocampus, Thalamus, Amygdale
Semantic memory, declarative memory, procedural memory
168
How can you most effectively create enduring memories to prepare for exams?
ask questions during a review session
repeat the information numerous times
spread out encoding across numerous days
re-read the textbook
169
If you came into class and learned that there was a pop quiz which causes stress, what activates first?
Sympathetic-adreno-medullary (SAM) axis
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
The thalamus
Parasympathetic nervous system
170
What is self-compassion?
Potential problems with low self-esteem
Treating ourselves with forgiveness, concern, and acceptance
Focusing on the present to be happy
Our global evaluation of our self-worth
171
Which of the following is NOT important for maintaining a healthy lifestyle?
hygiene
sleep
exercise
diet
172
Which of the following defines the fundamental attribution error?
Overestimate dispositional and situational factors
Underestimate dispositional and situational factors
Underestimate dispositional factors & overestimate situational factors
Overestimate dispositional factors & underestimate situational factors
173
Which is a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement?
Reinforcement is given after a number of correct responses
A fixed amount of time elapses between reinforcements
Reinforcement after a varying number of correct responses
A varying amount of time elapses between reinforcements
174
The capability to think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, reason, plan, solve problems, and learn from experience.
Crystalized intelligence
General intelligence (g)
Intelligence
Fluid intelligence
175
Operational definition: College success measured by employment in the field one year after graduation
Bad
Good
176
If I take a a sugar pill that I believe is an antidepressant and I feel less depressed, this is known as ___ ?
the placebo effect
mindfulness
third wave therapy
cognitive-behavioral therapy
177
If I examine one group of people for 30 years, what research design am I using?
Cross sectional
Sequential
Experimental
Longitudinal
178
Client-centered therapy does not involve which of the following items?
interpreting dreams
empathy
genuineness
unconditional positive regard
179
Cultural transmission is transmitting information from one _____ to another by teaching.
generation
class
language
society
180
What is a zygote?
A baby
Semen
Ovum
Diploid cell formed after fertilization
181
Which of the following predicts the types of relationships you form as an adult?
both answers are correct
neither answer is correct
attachment style
parenting style
182
Sigmund Freud was responsible for
Revolutionizing psychology with his psychoanalytic theory
Experimenting with introspection
Establishing behaviorism
Being a gestalt psychologist
183
Fact or Opinion: William James wrote the first psychology textbook, Principles of Psychology.
Opinion
Fact
184
Alzheimer’s Disease is..
A disorder of the central nervous system that affects movement
Abnormal cell growth that can grow/spread to other parts of the body
A disorder with mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs
A progressive disease,destroying memory and important mental functions
185
What is sensation?
detecting and encoding energy from your body
detecting and encoding energy from your environment
interpreting sensory information
organizing information
186
Excessive time in the resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome can cause...
An over-inflated sense of self-satisfaction
Improved health outcomes in the long term
A rush of adrenaline and the body mobilizes
Stress related diseases like ulcers or heart conditions
187
If I analyze Facebook posts for the past 5 years, what type of research is this?
archival
experimental
observational
correlational
188
All of the following are examples of Socioemotional stressors EXCEPT:
An Intro to Psych exam happening today
Remembering a traumatic event
Worrying about failing your first semester of college
Recalling a car severe accident
189
Which of the following is NOT a beneficial effect of stress?
Promotes positive psychological change
Prepares people so they are less affected by future stress
Resistance to physical illness
Satisfies a need for stimulation and challenge
190
What is the biopsychosocial model?
telling the difference between mental disorders
a way of treating mental health depending on their factors
a way of determining someone's genetic risk factors
a way of understanding the factors that make people healthy
191
What is a schema?
a mental construct consisting of a cluster of related concepts
a self-identity construct
a social construct created to relate information together
a funny word
192
Neurogenesis is the formation of
new glial cells
new memory
new neurotransmitters
new neurons
193
Learning to respond to a particular stimulus but not similar stimuli is called_____
discrimination
generalization
extinction
acquisition
194
What debate examines whether behavior and personality traits are determined by internal or external factors?
Internal-External
Stability-Change
Stage-Continuous
Person-Situation
195
What is it called when an infant starts sucking when their lips are stroked
Stepping reflex
Rooting reflex
Grasping reflex
Sucking reflex
196
What is shallow processing?
only coding physical characteristics
Only coding for knowledge
Only coding meaning
coding based on event's meaning and connections to other events
197
What is an example of crystallized intelligence?
acquiring new skills
problem solving
solving a puzzle
having knowledge on a particular subject
198
People with a narcissistic personality disorder are likely to be preoccupied with:
physical symptoms of distress
sexual fantasies
delusions of persecution
their own self-importance
199
What does the EEG scan measure?
internal structures of brain
electrical activity in the brain
metabolization of glucose
a bold oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal
200
What is Binocular disparity?
closer objects partially obscure more distant objects
two lines converging in the distance
difference in the images seen by the left and right eye
different intensities of light seen by the left and right eye
201
According to Freud, hysteria is a ___ .
patient’s self-censorship or avoidance of certain topics
psychogenic disorder with a variety of physical and psychological symptoms
asserting that clinical symptoms arise from unconscious childhood conflicts
response to the therapist like a major figure in their own life
202
Nonassociative learning involves a change in the ______ of and response to a _____ stimulus.
behavior; repeated
magnitude; unpleasant
behavior; pleasant
magnitude; repeated
203
what does the parietal lobe do?
it controls touch
it controls vision
it controls movement
it controls hearing
204
What does the retina do?
protects the eye
focuses light
allows light into the eye
transduction
205
The species-specific biological predisposition to learn some associations more quickly than other associations.
counterconditioning
blocking
prediction error
preparedness
206
What is a scientific Theory?
description of a specific relation of real world conditions
a testable prediction about how the world will behave
well-developed set of ideas that propose explanation for observed phenomena
measurements and data in support of a scientific explanation
207
What does the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders help with?
Identifying cures for psychological disorders
Explaining potential cures and symptoms of disorders
Identifying disorders and symptoms associated with them
Helps identify the cause of the disorders
208
Are the soccer teams in one state a population sample?
population
sample
209
What does a MRI measure?
internal structures of brain
a bold oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal
electrical activity in the brain
metabolization of glucose
210
What is NOT a stereotype?
All men are non-emotional
Foreigner's cannot be trusted
Everyone is on the same level
Girl's need constant protection from men
211
All of the following are tips for successful learning EXCEPT:
Increase stress
Use retrieval cues
Study often
Test yourself
212
What are teratogens?
a collection of congenital problems associated with alcohol
a one-celled organism formed by the union of a sperm and egg
structures that allow oxygen & nutrients to pass to fetus
any external agent that can harm an embryo or fetus
213
Reliability examines how...
consistent the measurements are.
unfair the measurements are.
fair the measurements are.
inconsistent the measurements are.
214
What does the frontal lobe control?
touch
hearing
vision
motor movements
215
How does the charge inside the neuron change when it fires?
positive to more positive
positive to negative
negative to positive
negative to more negative
216
Antagonist means:
a drug that increases the activity of receptors
a drug that inhibits the activity of receptors
a drug that causes euphoria and pleasant sensations
a measure of the extent of drug absorption
217
what does the temporal lobe do?
it controls movement
it controls touch
it controls hearing
it controls vision
218
What does the cornea do?
Protects and covers the front of the eye
Inverts and focuses the light on the retina
Controls the size of the pupil
Transduces light into neural impulses
219
Maria cried for 2 days because failed an exam. Maria is most likely high is what Big Five trait?
conscientiousness
neuroticism
agreeableness
extroversion
220
Name Design: Examine drug dosage (0 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg) for treating depression.
Experimental
Cross-sectional
Case study
Archival
221
A: Medications that block dopamine transmission but have enhanced benefits of limiting or eliminating negative symptoms.
Q: What are typical antidepressants?
Q: What are atypical antipsychotics?
Q: What are typical antipsychotics?
Q: What are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?
222
A: A form of therapy where the therapist actively challenges the patient’s irrational beliefs.
Gestalt therapy
Rational emotive behavioral therapy
Psychodynamic therapy
Client-centered therapy
223
What is plasticity?
The brain's ability to aquire information
The brain's ability to remember
The brain's ability to perceive the outside world
The brain's ability to change
224
All of the following are assumptions of rational emotive behavioral therapy about irrational beliefs EXCEPT?
activating events
attitudes
beliefs
consequences
225
The dorsal stream is responsible for _, and the ventral stream is responsible for _.
visual processing; stimulus recognition
stimulus recognition; visual processing
stimulus recognition; perceiving movement
perceiving movement; stimulus recognition
226
A: A clinical improvement not associated with a clinical intervention.
Q: What is an experimental condition?
Q: What is a double blind condition?
Q: What is a wait-list control condition?
Q: What is a spontaneous improvement?
227
Discrimination is an attitude while prejudice is an action.
False
True
228
What are feature detectors?
Neurons that recognize facial features
Neurons that respond to lines, edges, and angles
Neurons that code for perceptually significant stimuli
Neurons that decipher which visual signals are strongest
229
What was the major contribution of Harry Harlow's research?
Children react in 1 of 4 ways to the Strange Situation test
Attachment is not solely by the need for nourishment
Safety that allows the child to explore the environment
Children become attached to a caregiver who provides a secure base
230
What did the Milgram experiment focus on
altruism and helping others
conformity and norms
intelligence and problem solving
obedience and authority
231
Which of the following is NOT an executive function?
Ability to hold info actively in mind while performing tasks
Inhibit distracting thoughts
Buttoning a coat
Organizing new information in your mind
232
What best describes the sociometer theory?
Feelings related to our family and how we connect to others
How emotionally intelligent we are in comparison to others
Feelings of self-esteem evolved to monitor the degree that we are accepted
How much fun we are when we got to a party with friends
233
The likelihood of perceiving a stimulus change is proportional to the magnitude of the stimuli
opponent-process theory
Weber's law
signal detection theory
absolute threshold
234
What is Binocular disparity?
two lines converging in the distance
closer objects partially obscure more distant objects
different intensities of light seen by the left and right eye
difference in the images seen by the left and right eye
235
GABA does what in the central nervous system?
inhibits
excites
memory
rewards
236
What's circled on this neuron?
Dendrites
Myelin sheath
Axon
Cell Body
237
What is a schema?
a social construct created to relate information together
a self-identity construct
a mental construct consisting of a cluster of related concepts
a funny word
238
What is attachment?
imprinting on the the first moving object an organism sees
a strong, enduring, emotional bond between an infant and a caregiver
a transient, enduring bond between infant and caregiver
a short, temporary bond between an infant and a caregiver
239
In which Piaget stage do people gain the ability to reason about abstract problems and hypothetical propositions?
Sensorimotor
Formal operational
Concrete Operational
Preoperational
240
What is the best example of hindsight bias?
After the test,Cindy said "B is the answer"
Someone's opinion about the past
After an accident, Al said, "I knew we were going to get in an accident."
I-knew-it-all-along, I know all the answers
241
What is basilar membrane?
Detection of dissolved compounds by taste buds in papillae
A series of small bones in the middle ear
A structure that vibrates when sound waves hit it
Hair cells in cochela turn vibrations into neural impulses
242
What brain structure is absolutely critical for staying alive? Hint: it controls breathing and heart rate
reticular formation
cerebellum
thalamus
brain stem
243
Which of the following is NOT considered a component of the triangular theory of love?
Intimacy
Attachment
Passion
Commitment
244
What does the MEG measure?
magnetic fields generated by brain's electrical currents
internal structures of brain
a bold oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal
metabolization of glucose
245
The stage of general adaptation syndrome consisting of an increase in physiological arousal is
exhaustion.
alarm.
resistance.
combat preparation.
246
What is attachment?
a strong, enduring, emotional bond between an infant and a caregiver
a short, temporary bond between an infant and a caregiver
imprinting on the the first moving object an organism sees
a transient, enduring bond between infant and caregiver
247
A: Medications that increase serotonin turnover in the brain with fewer side effects.
Q: What are atypical antipsychotics?
Q: What are typical antipsychotics?
Q: What are typical antidepressants?
Q: What are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?
248
Social loafing is LESS likely to occur when any of the following occur EXCEPT:
Whena task is challenging, interesting, and personally relevant
When the group size is small and the group members have clear roles
When everyone must work together to achieve a collective goal
Individualsare held accountable for meeting certain goals
249
which is NOT a mood disorder?
these are all mood disorders
major depressive disorder
panic disorder
biploar disorder
250
Which of the following describes the avoidant attachment?
Confused, fearful, dazed – result of abuse
Upset when mom leaves, easily calmed on return
Actively avoids mom, doesn’t care when she leaves
Actively avoids mom, freaks out when she leaves
251
Delusion or hallucination:
Seeing a famous actor on a television set that is not on or plugged in
delusion
hallucination
252
What is an example of flashbulb memory?
Remembering that Sean is the most likeable harrison
Remembering something suddenly
Remembering a flashbulb
Remembering where you were when 9 11 happened
253
Dopamine is associated with what in the brain?
inhibition of neurons
excitation of neurons
reward system
mood regulation
254
Random assignment is
Assigning participants 2 different conditions without bias
The group that does not receive treatment
The group that receives the treatment
Grouping a sample into two groups
255
Heritability is
the likelihood a difference in a behavior is due to genetics
how a trait is inherited
the same from one population to another
the genetic reason one individual is different from another
256
Learning ...
is a change in behavior from past experience
always produces an improvement in behavior
requires the ability to think abstractly
gets easier as people get older
257
What is the babbling stage?
Repeated vowel sounds
Two-word statements
One-word statements
Repeated consonant-vowel sounds
258
Fact or Opinion: Autism is caused by vaccines.
Opinion
Fact
259
If an apple is in the right visual field & a wrench in theleft, what does a split brain person see with their right eye?
wrench
neither the apple or wrench
both the apple and wrench
apple
260
The primary function of the olfactory bulb is to:
Decode the smell information from the glomeruli
Detect the presence of an odor in the air
Stimulate your appetite when you're hungry
Send information to the primary olfactory cortex
261
Which sentence contains an overregularization error?
“She no want to go.”
“I singed a song today.”
“He pet the dog black.”
“We eats dinner now.”
262
What is Autism?
All of the above
It affects social interaction and communication skills
It affects the way a child interacts with the world
It is a lifelong developmental disability
263
A: The percentage of people in a population who will have a given psychological disorder at any point in their lives.
Q: What is Lifetime Prevalence?
Q: What is Concordance rate?
Q: What is Point Prevalence?
Q: What is comorbidity rate?
264
What is the sensorimotor stage?
learning through senses and physical actions.
Learning through motor skills.
learning through symbols.
stage in which children think logically.
265
The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion distinguishes between two routes to persuasion;
intuitive & rational
implicit & explicit
primary & secondary
central & peripheral
266
What is chronic stress?
long term stress
large amount of stress
a disease from stress
short term stress
267
Which of the following is a dispositional attribution?
Henry is cut off by a car and assumes the driver is rude
Marissa believes that people in a group share the same ideas
Teacher's thinks child is acting out in class b/c of divorce
Rudy assumes the role of a "guard" in a social experiment
268
Which of the following advantages is NOT a specific advantage of Group Therapy?
A sense of group belonging, support, and encouragement
Allows therapists to observe & treat problems that emerge in group settings
More clients can be accommodated by a limited number of therapists.
Being fully present by observing their thoughts, feelings, and sensations
269
What is is called when you credit your success to dispositional factors and failures to situational factors?
fundamental attribution error
Asch paradigm
self-serving attribution
conformity
270
The fovea is made up of__________.
mostly rods with some cones
all rods and no cones
all cones and no rods
mostly cones with some rods
271
Increased parasympathetic activity will have what effect?
Increased respiration
Decreased heart rate
Increased energy
Pupil dilation
272
A: The tendency to overestimate the extent to which other people’s beliefs and attitude are similar to our own.
Q: What is transference?
Q: What is impression management?
Q: What is fundamental attribution error?
Q: What is false consensus?
273
What is Internal Validity?
The need to generalize beyond the context it was carried out
Ability to rule out alternate explanations
When the research looks like it is doing what it claims to
Measures in a valid study are compared to the study
274
Connections between brain regions are what color on an MRI?
black
red
white
grey
275
What is the idea that physical properties of an object remain constant despite superficial changes in object’s shape?
conservation
operation
abstract reasoning
symbolic representation
276
What is an algorithm?
A way to solve a problem where you guess and if wrong, keep guessing
The number of pixels in an inch
A rule of thumb or mental shortcut
A problem solving formula that provides step by step instructions
277
T or F: A polarized neuron is at rest.
True
False
278
The hippocampus helps me
Remember important events
Create art
Hear
Run from danger
279
What is repolarization?
Membrane potential decreases becoming negative
Membrane is at resting potential
Membrane potential does not change
Membrane potential sharply increases becoming positive
280
Retrieval is best when the present context recreates the context in which information was initially encoded.
encoding specificity
state dependent retrieval
recognition
mood dependent retrieval
281
Which of the following is NOT a beneficial effect of stress?
Resistance to physical illness
Satisfies a need for stimulation and challenge
Promotes positive psychological change
Prepares people so they are less affected by future stress
282
Which of the following is NOT true of dissociative identity disorder?
There has been a massive increase in DID diagnosis since the 1970s.
The well-documented cases of DID are doubtful.
There are more DID cases due to brain imagining technology for diagnosis.
The diagnosis has been highly controversial.
283
Which is the best example of Chronic Stress?
Caring for a chronically ill family member for years
You cannot find your keys
Exam 3 in Introduction to Psychology
A car accident where no one is seriously injured
284
All the following are ethical concerns for the Tuskegee Syphilis Study EXCEPT:
no informed consent
more damage was done than the benefit in knowledge
vaccines were withheld
the national press drew attention to the study
285
Ricky has a broad mental representation of the person he his such as kind, loving, and a father. This is an example of _
self-concept
self-esteem
self-actualization
self-determination theory
286
All of these are examples of Growth Mindset except
With more practice it will get easier
I am afraid of making a mistake
I can always find a way to improve
Challenges make me better
287
What is the belief perseverance?
the tendency to be more confident than correct
not being able to see a problem from a new perspective
judging the likelihood of things
clinging to the initial conceptions after being discredited
288
Prosopagnosia is defined as...
An inability to recognize visually presented objects
A failure to hear objects
A failure to perceive objects
An inability to recognize familiar and unfamiliar faces
289
_ is a notion of the self as stable entity distinct from others; whereas, _ is defined by connections to other people
Independent self-construal ; interdependent self-construal
Independent self-construal ; dependent self-construal
Interdependent self-construal ; dependent self-construal
Interdependent self-construal ; independent self-construal
290
Social learning theory is learning social behavior..
by observing and imitating
with the help of peers and experts
by the things that happen after a behavior
when two events co-occur
291
What does the occipital lobe do?
Memory
Hearing
Touch
Sight
292
Which is NOT an anxiety disorder?
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
specific phobia
social phobia
293
What is basilar membrane?
A series of small bones in the middle ear
Detection of dissolved compounds by taste buds in papillae
Hair cells in cochela turn vibrations into neural impulses
A structure that vibrates when sound waves hit it
294
____ are behavioral urges that temporarily relieve anxiety and are generally senseless rituals.
Phobias
Compulsions
Obsessions
None of these
295
Which treatment approach draws upon different techniques to customize treatment for a given individual client?
psychodynamic
client-centered
electicism
humanistic
296
True or False: Drugs cure psychological disorders and control the symptoms.
False
True
297
Learning ...
always produces an improvement in behavior
gets easier as people get older
is a change in behavior from past experience
requires the ability to think abstractly
298
What is the sustained activation of many physiological systems in response to frequent or chronic stressors?
resilience
allostatic load
burnout
general adaptation syndrome
299
What are mirror neurons?
Neurons that are different but look like other neurons
Neurons that help provide sense and meaning to information in the cortex
Neurons that fire when people perform and watch someone perform a behavior
Neurons that relay information from one neuron to another
300
According to self-determination theory, well-being&success are achieved when environments support all motivations EXCEPT
competence
autonomy
relatedness
determination
301
What type of Locus of Control is demonstrated by the quote in the picture below?
Internal
Neither
External
Both
302
If you came into class and learned that there was a pop quiz which causes stress, what activates first?
Sympathetic-adreno-medullary (SAM) axis
The thalamus
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
Parasympathetic nervous system
303
What is the function of the pinna?
To send information to the brain
To change sound waves into mechanical waves
To change mechanical waves into neural impulses
To funnel sound waves into the middle ear
304
Construct validity is important because
it measures how well variables were operationalized and manipulated
it tells you whether the results generalize to other populations
it tells you how important and impactful your results are
it measures if the tool will produce the same measurement
305
The neural tube will become the:
brain and spinal cord
backbone, legs, and arms
reproductive organs
intestinal tract
306
How does PET measure brain activity?
It detects electrical signals from neurons firing
It detects a BOLD signal
It detects the flow of blood
It detects the metabolization of glucose
307
In Pavlov's experiment, what is the dog drooling to the food called
Conditioned response
Unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
308
If someone has Generalized Anxiety Disorder, what medication would they most likely be given?
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
lithium carbonate
benzodiazepine
mood stabilizer
309
A: Reduce prejudice through interactions w/ members of different groups working together as equals toward a common goal.
Q: What is the contact hypothesis?
Q: What is realistic group conflict theory?
Q: What is symbolic racism?
Q: What is social identity theory?
310
___ is using existing schemas to interpret new experiences; but, ___ is revising schemas to incorporate new information.
preoperational; sensorimotor
assimilation; accommodation
accommodation; assimilation
sensorimotor; preoperational
311
What are feature detectors?
Neurons that code for perceptually significant stimuli
Neurons that decipher which visual signals are strongest
Neurons that respond to lines, edges, and angles
Neurons that recognize facial features
312
All are forms of positive punishment EXCEPT -
Getting extra chores
Time out
Writing a letter of apology
Spanking
313
Which is the best example of implementation intention that fosters a healthy lifestyle?
If I see a donut, I can eat one.
If I have a donut for breakfast, I must work out.
If I can get someone to do my work, do it.
If I complete all my work, I can reward myself with a donut.
314
An aptitude test is a test of
your intelligence.
how much you have learned.
your problem solving abilities.
your skills and interests.
315
Which of the following examples is the BEST example of major depressive disorder?
Joe breaks up with his girlfriend, who cries in her room for 1 week
Jess feels depressed for more than 2 weeks for no reason
KC gets kicked out of a club, so she feels down and dejected
Sasha feels sad during winter and happy during summer
316
Gabe studied for Exam 3 and believes that he can take Exam 3 and get a score of 80% or higher. Gabe ___ .
is high in self-efficacy
is high in depressive realism
has an external locus of control
has a high behavioral inhibition system (BIS)
317
A set of norms that govern the typical timing of life milestones like marriage, parenthood, and retirement.
internal chronometer
social clock
emerging adulthood
social identity
318
In continuous reinforcement, the response is rewarded for the desired behavior....
every 5 minutes
every behavior
randomly reward the behavior
every 5 behaviors
319
A key finding of Zimbardo's Prison Experiment is that:
All people behave the way the Zimbardo wanted them to.
Status ca be used to influence someone else's behavior.
Power can be used to influence someone else's behaviour.
Role expectations can lead people 2 behave different from norm
320
What is a stereotype threat?
Unconscious, stereotype knowledge that hinders performance
The positive use of stereotypes in the classroom
Stereotypes that threaten others
A stereotype that has a positive effect on people
321
A split brain is caused by a severed...
Corpus Callosum
Cerebral cortex
Medulla
Hypothalamus
322
Motor skills develop according to which 2 general rules? (Pick 2)
from the torso to the feet and the head
from the center of the body outwards
from the limbs to the center of the body
from the head to the feet
323
Define the recency effect.
None of these answers are correct
Information at the start of the list is recalled the best
Information at the end of the list is recalled the best
Information in the middle of the list is recalled the best
324
A refractory period is ________
The myelin sheathing provides insulation from an impulse
A brief time when a neuron is unable to conduct an impulse
The same as the resting potential
The period when the neuron conducts an impulse
325
Shaping occurs when
rewards are given only after successful behaviors
rewards are given intermittently
rewards are withdrawn after unsuccessful behaviors
rewards are given to behaviors that approximate the correct response
326
What is transduction?
Sensory stimulation without perception
The stimulation of the senses
Transforming signals into neural impulses
Making sense of the outside world
327
Which imaging technique best measures neural activity in real time.
PET
EEG
TMS
MRI
328
Sympathetic activity includes
slowed breathing
decreased heart rate
pupil dilation
bronchial constriction
329
Which of the following is true about Electroconvulsive Therapy?
There are no negative side effects.
It is only used in very extreme cases of depression.
There is no risk to the patient.
It is often the first form of treatment utilized.
330
Spontaneous recovery is
The sudden return of a response that has been extinguished
The process of retrieving information from the brain
Gaining knowledge of a situation after it has occured
The tendency to forgo rewards spontaneously
331
Sensory adaptation refers to
process where stimulus energies are changed into impulses
diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus
process of organizing & interpreting sensory information
changes in the shape of the lens as it focuses on objects
332
Negative reinforcement involves
removal of an unpleasant stimulus
presentation of a pleasant stimulus
removal of a pleasant stimulus
presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
333
After taking the exam, Jeff was certain he got 100% but he really got 65%. This is an example of ...
belief perseverance
overconfidence bias
confirmation bias
hindsight bias
334
Myelin is
The organelles that compose the neuron
A layer of electrical insulation that surrounds the axon
The structure that releases neurotransmitters
The structure that receives neurotransmitters
335
If you learned that there was a pop quiz that you prepared for, what do you experience?
chronic stress
challenge reactivity
threat reactivity
fight-or-flight response
336
What is the self-fulfilling Prophecy ?
When you have fulfilled one of your aims
When a person behaves according the the label given to them
Achieving self-actualization and becoming the best person you can
A label you give yourself
337
What does the frontal lobe do?
somatosensory cortex
auditory cortex
visual cortext
motor cortex
338
What would be an example of normative social influence?
Tina looks around the room to see if others answered like her.
Maddy asks around to confirm her answer with her friends.
Todd let the group answer "A" because they had all agreed.
Billy shaves his head to fit the new "going bald" fad.
339
What is functional fixedness?
a tendency to approach situations the same way
favoring information that confirms your beliefs
a tendency to focus on an object's typical function
presentation of a fact framed from a particular perspective
340
Encoding is the process by which ...
information goes into memory storage
information goes into memory encoding
we think about thinking
information is retrieved
341
If the axon of a neuron does not work, what happens to the neuron.
it can send messages but cannot release neurotransmitters
it can receive messages but it cannot send messages
it cannot receive messages but it can send messages
it will not insulate the dendrites and can cause cell death
342
signal detection theory is most closely associated with
transduction
sensory adaptation
just noticeable difference
absolute thresholds
343
If I claim that all therapies work equally on all disorders, this is called __.
an empirically supported treatment
a meta-analysis
the dodo bird verdict
a double blind study
344
A: It represents the internalized cultural rules and ideals that guide our moral conscience Q: What is the __?
superego
None of the answers are correct
id
ego
345
What is fluid intelligence?
Knowledge of fluid objects
Your ability to solve abstract problems
Your ever changing knowledge
Your use of accumulated knowledge
346
What happens in deplorization during action potential?
the outside of the neuron has no charge
the inside of the cell becomes positive
returns the cell to resting potential
the outside of the neuron is positive
347
What is Anterograde Amnesia?
Inability to create new memories after amnesia occurred.
Inability to recall old memories after amnesia occurs.
Inability to retrieve encoded information.
Inability to direct attention and focus on relevant information
348
What is the best example of positive symptoms?
seeing or hearing something that is not really there
withdrawing from friends and family
reductions in speech
muted or dulled emotional responses
349
Which psychological disorder is known for hallucinations?
Dissociative identity disorder
Schizophrenia
PTSD
OCD
350
Whorf’s linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that
Our linguistic proficiencies influence our social status.
Words shape the way people think.
Infancy is a critical period for language development.
All languages share a similar grammar.
351
What is the idea that males & females develop distinct personality traits because of different reproductive challenges?
social learning theory
social role theory
sexual selection
self-determination theory
352
What type of personality test measures what people are willing and able to describe about themselves?
projective tests
informant report
projective report
self-report
353
All of the following are examples of Socioemotional stressors EXCEPT:
Recalling a car severe accident
Worrying about failing your first semester of college
Remembering a traumatic event
An Intro to Psych exam happening today
354
Memory is located in specific brain regions. What type of memory is the cerebellum associated with?
fear and fear memories
declarative, episodic and recognition
remembering semantic tasks
procedural memories
355
The rooting reflex...
causes baby to start sucking an object
causes baby to turn cheek towards touch sensation
causes baby to imitate walking
causes baby to spread out their toes
356
____ are recurrent unwanted or disturbing thoughts.
Phobias
Compulsions
None of these
Obsessions
357
What psychological disorder does Bruce Banner (Hulk)?
Major Depressive Disorder
Illness Anxiety Disorder
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Schizophrenia
358
Memory is located in specific brain regions. What is the hippocampus associated with?
remembering semantic tasks
fear and fear memories
procedural memories
consolidation, episodic, declarative
359
Why is it important to develop rapport with your therapist or healthcare provider?
rapport is not important to develop
rapport helps raise the client's self-esteem
rapport is a determinant of successful treatment
rapport has been demonstrated to increase neurotransmitter release
360
Heritability measures:
If a trait is polygenic
Proportion of phenotype variation due to genotype
Proportion of genotype variation due to phenotype
Incidence of a trait in the population
361
During Piaget's concrete operational stage children are capable of what?
Can think about abstract concepts
All the above
Thinking logically about concrete events
To think about moral reasoning at an adult level
362
Who would study thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions
cognitive psychologists
evolutionary psychologists
developmental psychologists
personality psychologists
363
Gustation is the sense of:
Taste
Hearing
Smell
Balance
364
All of the following describe self-serving biases EXCEPT:
We assume that we are better-than-average.
We have unrealistic and self-aggrandizing views of the self.
We choose to define traits in ways that favor our strengths.
We attribute good outcomes internally and bad outcomes externally.
365
What is the main idea of the diathesis-stress model?
Too much dieting can create disease
Fear of death can trigger disease
Genes plus major stress can trigger disease
People vary in their sensitivity to stressors
366
Habituation is
when an animal gets use to its new environment when it is moved
when predator are always hunting decreasing the population
when the habit changes its population
when a animal decrease its response to a repetitive stimulus
367
What type of operant conditioning (consequence) is a sticker chart?
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Negative punishment
Positive punishment
368
According to Freud, transference is a ___ .
psychogenic disorder with a variety of physical and psychological symptoms
asserting that clinical symptoms arise from unconscious childhood conflicts
response to the therapist like a major figure in their own life
patient’s self-censorship or avoidance of certain topics
369
All of the following are physical disadvantages of getting older EXCEPT:
Reduced sensory acuity
Reduced crystalized intelligence
Reduced cardiac output
Reduced reaction time
370
___ is using existing schemas to interpret new experiences; but, ___ is revising schemas to incorporate new information.
sensorimotor; preoperational
preoperational; sensorimotor
accommodation; assimilation
assimilation; accommodation
371
Beyonce is continually thinking about a break up and her previous partner. Beyonce is experiencing ___
rumination
obsessions
compulsions
anhedonia
372
Those with a fixed mindset ______.
try to improve
give up easily.
embrace challenges
learn from others' success
373
What is called when a painter realizes their full potential as an artist?
self-efficacy
self-actualization
outcome efficacy
locus of control
374
What is vicarious reinforcement?
Learning by observing another person's behaviors
Copying what someone else does
Observing someone being punished for behavior and not copying behavior
Observing someone being reinforced for behavior and copying behavior
375
The dorsal stream is responsible for _, and the ventral stream is responsible for _.
stimulus recognition; visual processing
perceiving movement; stimulus recognition
stimulus recognition; perceiving movement
visual processing; stimulus recognition
376
What is an interdisciplinary field that investigates the links among behavior, cognition, and physical wellness?
Humanistic Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Health psychology
Biopsychosocial Psychology
377
The primary function of the olfactory bulb is to:
Decode the smell information from the glomeruli
Send information to the primary olfactory cortex
Detect the presence of an odor in the air
Stimulate your appetite when you're hungry
378
What is the best description of what happens during secondary appraisal?
focusing on how we change the problem
how to deal with our emotions from the stressful situation
determine the extent to which additional resources are needed
evaluate our coping options and resources
379
Operational definition: College success measured by the number of friends you made during college
Good
Bad
380
The hippocampus' primary function is what?
homeostasis
memory
emotion
vision
381
What would be the behavioral effects of damage to Wernicke's and Broca's areas?
vision problems
speech problem
hearing problems
motor movement problems
382
If 2 variables are correlated, what is the third variable problem?
a way to establish causation or causal relationships
another variable can explain the relationship
correlating 3 variables instead of 2
the manipulation (IV) comes after the outcome (DV)
383
Which of the following is NOT a barrier that prevents people from seeking therapy?
lack of financial access to therapy
recognizing a psychological disorder is treatable
the cultural stigma about therapy
lack of physical access to therapy
384
A: Explains behavior as a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental influence. Q: What is _?
Behavioral inhibition system (BIS)
gene X environment interaction
Behavioral activation system (BAS)
heritability
385
All of the following are part of the ABCs of operant conditioning EXCEPT
The stimuli that precede the behavior and signal the consequence.
The stimuli that already have a learned response.
The stimuli that increases or decreases likelihood of repeating behavior.
The voluntary action that takes place.
386
Which of the following describes the avoidant attachment?
Confused, fearful, dazed – result of abuse
Upset when mom leaves, easily calmed on return
Actively avoids mom, doesn’t care when she leaves
Actively avoids mom, freaks out when she leaves
387
Comorbidity means_______?
the presence of having an unhealthy realtionship
more than one disorder occurring at same time
two diagnosis that are unrelated
one diagnosis in an individual
388
What is Long-term potentiation (LTP)?
Connections are strengthened through repeated firings
Connections are weakened due to a lack of firing
Connections made between the stimulus and the resposne
New connections are made in the neocortex
389
What effect does group polarization have on groups?
It causes the members of the group to act more moderately
It causes the group to form more extreme views
It causes groups to have more moderate views
It has little effect on the views of the group
390
A: Our general attitude toward ourselves, and we are motivated to view ourselves positively. Q: What is __ ?
self-concept
self-serving bias
self-efficacy
self-esteem
391
A: A condition (group) where patients receive delayed treatment rather than no treatment.
Q: What is a spontaneous improvement?
Q: What is a double blind condition?
Q: What is an experimental condition?
Q: What is a wait-list control condition?
392
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by
excited and energetic episodes and depressive episodes, with normal periods
feelings of sadness, emptiness, and anhedonia for at least 2 weeks
continuous,pervasive, and difficult-to-control anxiety
a loss of contact with reality and a breakdown of mind's normal functions
393
All of the following are predictors of who you will form friendships with EXCEPT:
similar attitudes
similar interests
similar parents
proximity
394
A researcher examines drug dosage (0 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg) for treating depression. What is the dependent variable?
drug dose
depression
0 mg
100 mg
395
How do researchers help participants maintain autonomy?
By having participants read and sign a consent form
By ensuring low risk and high reward
Debrief the participant and answer their questions
Conduct the research on one portion of society
396
What scan type would be best for detecting tumors?
CT
PET
fMRI
EEG
397
What is the study of how the interactions between your genes and the environment regulate gene expression?
Epigenetics
Diathesis-Stress model
Differential sensitivities hypothesis
Gene × environment interactions
398
How does PET measure brain activity?
It detects electrical signals from neurons firing
It detects a BOLD signal
It detects the metabolization of glucose
It detects the flow of blood
399
Size constancy means:
the shoe is bigger than the people in this image
the closest image to the front is bigger
objects get bigger when their image gets bigger
objects stay the same size even if their image seems bigger
400
Which are examples of norm violations? (You may select more than 1 answer)
Talking to yourself in public
Eating soup with a fork
Walking into a building with your umbrella open
Invading a stranger's space
401
What is egocentrism?
Referencing the self prior to thinking about others
These are all parts of egocetrism
The inability to take the perspective of another
The inability to perceive others as important
402
A: Patterns of thought and behavior that make a person react in relatively consistent ways. Q: What is ___?
traits
defense mechanisms
unconscious
personality
403
You helped your friend move last weekend because he help you fix your car a couple of weeks ago. This is known as _ .
bystander effect
norm of reciprocity
diffusion of responsibility
social loafing
404
True or False: Neurosurgeons perform lobotomy only as a last resort.
True
False
405
If I examine one group of people for 30 years, what research design am I using?
Experimental
Cross sectional
Longitudinal
Sequential
406
What is neuroplasticity?
Our brains’ ability to reinvent and rewire itself
The way that new thoughts are formed
Our brains' ability to adapt by learning new things
The formation of new neurons in the brain
407
Bounded rationality is the idea that ...
sudden decisions that are made without conscious oversight
rational decisions made on a cost-benefit basis
irrational decisions bound by our environments
rational decision making is constrained by limitations
408
After taking the exam, Jeff was certain he got 100% but he really got 65%. This is an example of ...
confirmation bias
belief perseverance
hindsight bias
overconfidence bias
409
A subjective experience of having one’s attention so focused on an activity that any sense of self-awareness disappears.
Acceptance
Flow
Social support
Mindfulness
410
GABA is associated with what in the brain?
excitation of neurons
reward system
inhibition of neurons
mood regulation
411
What is the main function of an inter neuron?
remove waste, debris, and excessive neurotransmitters
receive impulses from senses
sends impulses to muscles
carries nerve impulses
412
A storage level of memory that holds sensory information on the order of milliseconds to seconds.
sensory memory
procedural memory
long-term memory
short-term memory
413
You have brown eyes. The expression of this trait is due to
none of the above
your phenotype
natural selection
your genotype
414
Gustation is the sense of:
Hearing
Taste
Smell
Balance
415
What is External Validity?
The extent to which something does what it claims to do
Ability to rule out alternate explanations
Ability to get the same measurement each time instrument is used
The ability to generalize results beyond the context it was carried out
416
Which is a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement?
A fixed amount of time elapses between reinforcements
Reinforcement is given after a number of correct responses
Reinforcement after a variable number of correct responses
A variable amount of time elapses between reinforcements
417
What can cause Post Traumatic Stress Disorder?
Assault or an Accident
Military Combat
All the Above
Natural Disasters
418
Which of the following is NOT part of good sleep hygiene?
Waking up at the same time each morning
Going to bed at the same time each night
Using your bed only for sleep or sex
Engage in tasks that involve a lot of mental effort before bed
419
The best example of an acute stressor is...
a bear tries to attack you
spending 4 years in college
caring for a chronically ill person
relationship changes like break up or marriage
420
Associative learning involves:
Connecting events together to learn
Working with associates to learn
Learning something by doing it
Learning by watching others
421
What was the major contribution of Harry Harlow's research?
Attachment is not solely by the need for nourishment
Children become attached to a caregiver who provides a secure base
Children react in 1 of 4 ways to the Strange Situation test
Safety that allows the child to explore the environment
422
Vicarious punishment occurs when
Observing someone receivenegative consequences for behavior and not copying
Learning by observing another person's behaviors
Imitating what the model does
Observing someone receivepositive consequences for behavior and copying
423
What are the 3 stages of Moral Development?
Cosmic, Good, Bad
Pre-conventional, Conventional, Post-conventional
Obedience, Punishment, Law and Order
Right, Wrong, Values
424
Children who use parents as a secure base from which to explore are said to have .....
Secure Attachment
Ambivalent Attachment
Avoidant Attachment
Disorganized attachment
425
Which is the best example of the Premack Principle?
You can play outside, if you play video games.
You can only have a candy bar, if you drink a soda.
You can have a cupcake, if you eat your dinner.
You can see your friends, if you do your homework.
426
What is Retrograde Amnesia?
Inability to create new memories after amnesia occurred.
Inability to recall old memories after amnesia occurs.
Inability to direct attention and focus on relevant information
Inability to retrieve encoded information.
427
Operant conditioning is learning through ______
watching others
pairing stimuli
consequences
experience
428
What is Perception?
An unpleasant emotion caused by the belief that something is dangerous
Transforms you from being forgotten to memorable
The quality of being dedicated
To be aware of something through senses
429
Positive or Negative Correlation: As the number of missed classes increases, total points decreases.
Negative
Positive
430
Supreme released 1,000 special edition shirts.Many people place a high value on this shirt due to short supply.This is _
the foot-in-the-door technique
the door-in-the-face technique
a social proof
the scarcity principle
431
In taste aversion, what is the conditioned response...
a bell
hunger
nausea
food
432
Albert Bandura's Bobo doll experiment showed that kids used
latent learning
hindsight bias
confirmation bias
observational learning
433
What does the retina do?
protects the eye
allows light into the eye
focuses light
transduction
434
Chanti’s psychological functioning is evaluated to determine if a clinical diagnosis is warranted. Chanti is receiving _
a clinical assessment
a self-report test
a clinical interview
a projective test
435
To understand if CBT can treat depression, I gather all articles on CBT & depression and analyze them. What am I doing?
an empirically supported treatment
a double blind study
the dodo bird verdict
a meta-analysis
436
Which is the best example of implementation intention that fosters a healthy lifestyle?
When I drive by the gym, I will stop and work out.
If I complete all my work, I can reward myself with a donut.
When I see a donut, I can eat one.
If I can get someone to do my work, do it.
437
Industrial and Organization Psychology can be defined as
the study of safety at work
the study of the way that people and machines interact
the study of human behavior in the workplace
the study of worker efficiency
438
Consolidation Definition:
Loss of memory for events.
Neural changes associated with recent learning are durable.
Long lasting increase in neural excitability
Inability to form new memories.
439
A: Therapy that helps patients integrate inconsistent aspects into a coherent whole via self- awareness and -acceptance.
Q: What is Interpersonal Therapy?
Q: What is Client-Centered Therapy?
Q: What is Motivational Interviewing?
Q: What is Gestalt Therapy?
440
Episodic memory is...
Long-term memory of how to do things
Long-term memory of personal events
Memory of Doctor Who episodes
Long-term memory of knowledge
441
The best example of an acute stressor is...
caring for a chronically ill person
a bear tries to attack you
spending 4 years in college
relationship changes like break up or marriage
442
In taste aversion, what is the conditioned response...
nausea
a bell
food
hunger
443
A study with many confounds has
poor re-test reliability
poor construct validity
poor external validity
poor internal validity
444
Learning to respond to a particular stimulus but not similar stimuli is called_____
discrimination
acquisition
generalization
extinction
445
Which value indicates the strongest correlation?
.88
-.97
.43
-.25
446
A: Personality guides cognition about world shaping ppl's environments, reinforcing/amplifying personality. Q: What is_?
reciprocal determinism
gene X environment interactions
person X situation interactions
social learning theory
447
What is an authoritarian parent?
Gives little little direction lax on obedience
Emotionally detached and unloving
Firm but fair tries to explain parental decisions
Rigid highly punitive demanding obedience
448
What is interposition?
distant objects are less clear/hazy
when parallel lines draw together in the distance
distant objects have smoother texture
when closer objects partially obstruct distant objects
449
What is rehearsal?
The process of getting information into the brain for processing
A temporary storage container that holds information for about 30 seconds
The holding of information in the brain through mental repetition
The process of storing information in the brain for later use
450
What type of operant conditioning (consequence) is an alarm clock?
Positive punishment
Positive reinforcement
Negative punishment
Negative reinforcement
451
The apparent cause and development of some anxiety disorders seems to be
stress.
biological.
all of these.
cognitive.
452
The tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the condition stimulus is called_____
generalization
extinction
acquisition
discrimination
453
Leftover neurotransmitters are cleared by all mechanisms EXCEPT
Degradation
Repolarization
Reuptake
Diffusion
454
Fear of Snakes. Therapy? Exposing someone gradually to pictures of snakes, rubber snakes, and eventually live snakes.
What is motivational interviewing?
What is experiential therapy?
What is a token economy?
What are exposure techniques?
455
What are the behavioral effects of serotonin?
Increased arousal, suppressed appetite
Increased learning, enhanced memory
Modulated mood, suppressed appetite
Increased pleasure, suppressed appetite
456
What is the trichromatic theory?
The sensory receptors come in pairs
Different hairs vibrate in cochlea
That there are three types of cones, red, blue, and green
Images are left behind after previous perceptions
457
If I compare 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 year olds, what research design am I using?
Experimental
Longitudinal
Sequential
Cross sectional
458
What does it mean if a statistical result is significant?
their findings are not due to chance
their study had high reliability
their findings are due to chance
their study had low reliability
459
Positive or Negative Correlation: As shoe size increases, math ability increases
Positive
Negative
460
Social learning theory is learning social behavior..
when two events co-occur
with the help of peers and experts
by observing and imitating
by the things that happen after a behavior
461
All of the following are characteristics of Down syndrome EXCEPT:
increased risk for health problems
intellectual disabilities
strong emotional reactivity
delays in motor development
462
What is the BEST example of a mental set?
a doctor seeing similar symptoms but making different diagnoses
not studying for a test, getting a 99%, and never studying again
Doing what another person does
Christmas occurring each year
463
Narcissism includes
an inflated sense of self-importance.
giving to others.
social consciousness.
the inability to know right from wrong.
464
All of the following are physical disadvantages of getting older EXCEPT:
Reduced reaction time
Reduced sensory acuity
Reduced crystalized intelligence
Reduced cardiac output
465
What is puberty ?
beginning of adulthood marked by egocentricism
end of childhood when you have problems with emotional regulation
beginning of adulthood and few significant changes happen
end of childhood and point when reproduction is possible
466
What is the trichromatic theory?
That there are three types of cones, red, blue, and green
Different hairs vibrate in cochlea
The sensory receptors come in pairs
Images are left behind after previous perceptions
467
What is the best example of hindsight bias?
Someone's opinion
I-knew-it-all-along, I know all the answers
After an accident, Al said, "I knew we were going to get in an accident."
After the test,Cindy said "B is the answer"
468
Type of consequence: Your ticketed for speeding so your car is taken away
Positive Punishment
Negative Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement
Negative Punishment
469
What is interposition?
when closer objects partially obstruct distant objects
when parallel lines draw together in the distance
distant objects are less clear/hazy
distant objects have smoother texture
470
________ are released into the _______ to send a signal from one neuron to another.
messages; axon
neurotransmitters; synapse
synaptic vesicles; terminal button
dendrites; myelin sheath
471
In Pavlov's experiment, what is the dog drooling to the bell called
Unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
Conditioned response
