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Pulmonary Review
Pulmonary Review
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1
What is the most common age group of patients who present with croup?
3 months to 3 years
6 months to 6 years
5 months to 5 years
4 months to 4 years
2
Which of the following is the best maintenance tx for a COPD patient who has had 2 exacerbations in the past year?
ICS
LAMA/LABA
SABA/LABA
Oral steroids
3
In addition to COPD, what other disease is capable of causing similar irreversible airway obstruction?
Acute asthma exacerbation
Cystic fibrosis
Influenza
Asbestosis
4
In a pt with a hx of lung cx who presents with dyspnea, which of the following items from hx or PE is LEAST relevant?
Low pulse ox
Fever
History of arthritis
Hemoptysis
5
Which of the following pathogens is the most common cause of atypical pneumonia?
Legionella pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
6
Which of the following types of lung cancers is commonly associated with both asbestosis and smoking?
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Small-cell lung cancer
Mesothelioma
Non-small-cell lung cancer
7
What is the purpose of the PaO2/FiO2 ratio?
It assesses the amount of oxygen reaching the body's tissues
It assesses the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood
It assesses the transport of oxygen from the lungs to the arteries
It assesses the amount of air going into the lungs
8
Which of the following is the most common extrapulmonary cause of ARDS?
Blood transfusion
Sepsis
Drowning
Trauma
9
Which of the following can contribute to poor control of asthma symptoms?
Wearing a scarf while in the cold.
Avoiding products with fragrance.
Allowing the cat to sleep on your face.
Use of ICS in addition to SABA or formoterol for symptoms.
10
What are the two hallmarks of asthma?
Bronchoconstriction and increased mucus production
Bronchodilation and decreased mucus production
Bronchodilation and increased mucus production
Bronchoconstriction and decreased mucus production
11
Which of the following immunoglobulins is likely elevated in patients with atopic asthma?
IgG
IgA
IgE
IgM
12
A 45-year-old smoker is brought to the ER after falling from a tree. CXR w diffuse infiltrates. Most likely diagnosis?
Pneumonia
Pneumomediastinum
ARDS
Pneumothorax
13
What class of medications are the main treatment for the reversible component of COPD?
Analgesics
Cholinergic agonists
Anticholinergic bronchodilators
Oxygen
14
Which of the following is the most effective initial step in the management of asthma?
Immunotherapy
Budesonide
Albuterol
Avoidance of triggers.
15
What is the best test to diagnose bronchiolitis?
Rapid viral panel
There is no test, it is a clinical diagnosis
Magic 8 ball
All the tests
16
What is the best first imaging test for suspected pulmonary embolism?
CT angiogram
V/Q scan
CT without contrast
CXR
17
Which of the following patients most likely has mild persistent asthma (Step 2)?
A 12-year-old girl with symptoms only when she has a cold or flu.
An 8-year-old boy with symptoms nine nights over the past month.
Pt with 3 night-time awakenings in past month and an FEV1/FVC ratio of 80.
A 15-year-old girl with an FEV1/FVC ratio of <60%.
18
What is the definitive treatment for tension pneumothorax?
Needle decompression
Chest tube placement
Oxygen therapy
Positive pressure ventilation
19
Which of the following statements is correct?
Exudate and high PCWP are seen in ARDS
Exudate and low PCWP are seen in ARDS
Exudate and low PCWP are seen in low-output CHF
Exudate and high PCWP are seen in both ARDS and low-output CHF
20
Which of the following is a hallmark of asthma?
Deposition of hyaline membranes
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness
Decreased surfactant production
Fixed airway obstruction
21
Which of the following histopathological findings is associated with sarcoidosis?
Nodular glomerulosclerosis
Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation
Eosinophil-rich interstitial infiltrates
Noncaseating granulomas
22
Which of the following antibiotics is useful in the treatment of COPD with exacerbation due to an infective cause?
Ampicillin
Azithromycin
Cephalexin
Vancomycin
23
What is the etiology of sarcoidosis?
Malignancy
Infectious
Idiopathic
Occupational exposure
24
Which of the following statements is correct regarding acute exacerbations of COPD?
First-line treatment is oxygen and oral steroids.
Acute exacerbations are ONLY caused by bacterial infections.
Acute exacerbations always require aggressive treatment.
First-line treatment includes muscarinic antagonists and antibiotics.
25
Which criteria need to be met for a client to be diagnosed with chronic bronchitis?
Ground glass opacities on chest CT
FEV1/FVC normal or increased
History of smoking
Chronic productive cough for 3 months in 2 successive years
26
Which data does the Berlin definition use to classify ARDS as mild, moderate, or severe?
Impaired lung compliance
Impaired respiratory drive
Impaired oxygenation
Abnormal vital signs
27
When discussing treatment for COPD, which of the following is usually the most effective first step?
Diet and exercise modification
Smoking cessation
Pulmonary rehab
Inhaled bronchodilators
28
Which of the following is NOT a useful diagnostic tool for COPD?
Chest x-ray
Pulmonary function testing
Bronchoscopic biopsy
Chest CT
29
What occurs in the proliferative phase of ARDS?
Lungs become fibrotic
Cytokines arrive
Cells rapidly replicate to repair
Hyaline membranes develop
30
A patient presents who worked in the alloy industry for 30 y has new-onset dyspnea. Which pneumoconiosis do you suspect?
Coal-miner's lung
Silicosis
Asbestosis
Berryliosis
31
Pneumoconiosis is associated with which of the following occupations?
Hair stylist
Radiology tech
Wood working
Mining
32
A 35 yo woman presents w 3 day hx of scantily productive cough. What makes this suspicious for pneumonia not bronchitis?
Purulent phlegm
Fixed rales on lung auscultation
Apyrexia
Pulse rate of 96 beats per minute
33
Which of the following parameters are NOT useful for monitoring the severity of COPD?
Limitation of physical activity
Drowsiness
Time since diagnosis
Pulse oximetry
34
What is a risk factor for pulmonary embolism?
Long walks on the beach
Taking spin classes
Cat ownership
Travel to far-away lands
35
Which of the following pharmaceutical agents is most likely to decrease the frequency of COPD exacerbations?
LABA
SABA
SAMA
LAMA
36
What is the stimulus which triggers atopic asthma?
Exercise
Cold air
Exposure to allergens
Aspirin
37
What is the purpose of periodically performing an echocardiogram on a patient with COPD?
To monitor for valvular defects
To monitor for pneumopericardium
To monitor for structural heart changes
To monitor for pulmonary hypertension
38
Which of the following medications are the mainstay of treatment for persistent asthma?
LABA
SABA
ICS
LAMA
39
Of the following, which pneumonia-causing pathogen is paired with the appropriate curative antimicrobial?
Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim for Streptococcus pneumonia
Doxycycline for influenza
Amoxicillin for Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Clarithromycin for Mycoplasma pneumoniae
40
Infection with which of the following viruses can be a predisposing factor towards asthma?
RSV
COVID
Moraxella catarrhalis
Influenza
