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2018-19 AP Government Final Exam MONSTER Review Flashcards | StudBud
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2018-19 AP Government Final Exam MONSTER Review
2018-19 AP Government Final Exam MONSTER Review
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A review for AP Government students preparing for the exam. #apgovernment
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1
All of the following were a part of the 1974 Federal Elections Campaign Act EXCEPT
limited contributions
required reporting of income/spending
required candidtes to take public funds
a program to publicly fund campaigns was started
2
Teacher led prayers violate the
due process clause
free exercise clause
no establishment clause
equal protectiion clause
3
Checks & balances, separation of powers & federalism insure that change in the US will be
speedy and swift
impossible
through consesnsus
slow and deliberate
4
These type of protesters have distance restrictions and cannot picket private residences:
school
abortion
police
zoning
5
What is the typical relationship between elected officials, party loyalty and constituents?
Officials put their constituents before their party
none of the above
Officials put party loyalty before their constituents
Their loyalty depends on saliency of the issue
6
What law requires Congressional approval to deploy troops for more than 60 days?
The Patriot Act
The Geneva Convention
The Enduring Freedom Act
The War Powers Resolution
7
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Increase taxes on the wealthy.
liberal
conservative
8
What agency insures that employees are allowed to organize labor unions?
FTC
ICC
NLRB
SEC
9
All of the following increase the likelihood of voting EXCEPT
being female
being wealthy
being young
being educated
10
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Protect a woman's right to choose an abortion.
Democrat
Republican
11
How do slander and libel differ as forms of defamation?
slander is a misdemeanor and libel is a felony
libel concerns a group and skander an indiviidual
slander is spoken and libel is written
libel in spoken and slander is written
12
House or Senate? Has filibusters.
Neither
House
Both
Senate
13
This amendment provided for the direct election of senators.
19th
16th
17th
18th
14
What is the main reason that parties hold primaries and / or caucuses?
To build enthusiasm
to produce a party platform
To select a candidate for the general election
To raise money
15
What court ruling upheld using race as part of a holistic assessment in admissions decisions?
Grutter v. Bollinger
Adarand Construction v. Pena
Fisher v.University of Texas
Gratz v. Bollinger
16
The power to determine voting requirements and election procedures is held by
the courts
the states
the President
the Congress
17
If an issue has high saliency it means
It has a short "shelf life"
Lots of people are paying attention but few care
Lots of attention is being paid and it could swing votes
few people are paying attention
18
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "medium scrutiny" standard.
wealth
gender
religion
race
19
The model where you elect someone and expect them to use their judgement when voting is the
politico model
agency model
trustee model
instructed delegate model
20
Our nation's first government was a / an _________________.
direct democracy
confederation
union
unitary democracy
21
Time, manner and place restrictions to preserve public order relate to the right to
pray
free speech
assemble
vote
22
All of the following are ways the president controls the bureaucracy EXCEPT
appointments
eliminate agencies
reorganize budgets
issue executive orders
23
This case banned teacher led prayer in school
Employment Division v. Smith
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Gitlow v. New York
Engel v. Vitale
24
Why are state party operations so critical to presidential candidates?
They know the election laws in that state
They provide endorsements
They raise most of the money
They do polling
25
What case established it is constitutional to burn the US flag in symbolic protest ?
Tinker v. DesMoines
Texas v. Johnson
Schenk v. the United States
Miller v. California
26
What case established the media can make incorrect claims as long as they didn't intend harm?
Schenk v. the United States
Texas v. Johnson
Miller v. California
NY Times v. Sullivan
27
Over time, national party conventions have become less
predictable
fun
contentious
attended
28
What Republican attracted white southerners to the Republican party with his Southern Strategy?
Reagan
H.W. Bush
Goldwater
Nixon
29
Executive agreements are like treaties in which of the following ways?
They need Senate approval
They indicate the President's intentions
They are binding for the next President
They need UN approval
30
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Oppose mandatory minimum sentencing programs.
Democrat
Republican
31
All of the following are legislative bodies related to the budget process EXCEPT
The Office of Management and Budget
The Senate Finance Committee
The House Ways and Means Committee
Congressional Budget Office
32
From the Civil War - 1960s the "Solid South" voted
Democratic
Dixiecrat
Republican
Whig
33
What would be an effect of the U.S. adopting a unitary form of government instead of federal?
direct democracy
no states would exist
more uniformity
more powerful states
34
Thanks to the 22nd amendment, the President is now inaugurated in this month.
February
March
January
December
35
Which of the following can the President do?
Initiate constitutional amendments
Initiate laws
Declare war
veto laws
36
Why did Democrats decide to create "superdelegates" after the McGovern - Fraser reforms?
to reward big fundraisers
to rank and file party members would have a voice
to make sure elected officials and party leaders had power
to ensure the best balloon drop at the convention
37
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Support / expansion of government programs.
liberal
conservative
38
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 bans discrimination based on all the following criteria EXCEPT
religion
age
race
gender
39
This amendment ended slavery
12th
13th
15th
14th
40
Which of the following is true of Political Action Committees (PACS)?
They coordinate closely with their candidate
they tend to support incumbents
their donors can remain anonymous
There are limits to how much they can accept from any person
41
The effect of iron triangles is typically
hyperpluralism
socialism
pluralism
elitism
42
The Supreme Court ruled NC had gone too far in using race as a factor in drawing districts in
Craig v. Boren
Shaw v. Reno
Reed v. North Carolina
harris v. Forklift Systems
43
What is a leading contributor to the superficial nature of modern media?
consolidation of news outlets
the prevalence of sound bites
Internet ads
24 hour news channels
44
This case limited federal power by ruling that the feds couldn't designate "gun free zones"
Butler v. U.S.
U.S. v. Lopez
Schechter Poultry v. U.S.
U.S. v. Nixon
45
What president failed in his efforts to "pack" the Supreme Court with 6 more justices?
Franklin Roosevelt
Richard Nixon
John Kennedy
Teddy Roosevelt
46
If a case is decided as "stare decisis" , what does that mean?
they want to lower courts to retry it
they defer to the lower court ruling
they were unanimous
they tied
47
The idea that you don't need to outspend your opponent, but you need to get your message out is
the doctrine of efficiency
the doctrine of sufficiency
the doctrine of currency
the doctrine of campaign finance
48
All the following constitutionally "bind" states EXCEPT
privileges and immunities protections
extradition
full faith and credit clause
dual federalism
49
NASA, National Science Foundation & General Services are all examples of
Independent Executive Agencies
Government Corporations
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Cabinet positions
50
When the President is using the "bully pulpit", what tool is probably nearby?
a microphone
a shovel
a pen
a light saber
51
An incumbent
has a 50% chance of being successful.
is seeking office for the first time
has a hareder time raising money
is running for re-election
52
How long do national party conventions typically last?
3 days
1 day
1 week
4 days
53
This amendment eliminated the poll tax
24th
23rd
22nd
25th
54
What types of election do states have that the federal government does NOT have?
primaries
general elections
policy elections
55
All of the following happen at a party's national convention EXCEPT?
a speech by the Vice Presidential nominee
a debate between the two leading candidates
the writing of the party platform
candidate nomination
56
All of the following are tasks of political parties EXCEPT
pick candidates
coordinate campaigns
articulate policies
run polls on election day
57
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Get rid of the "death tax" (a.k.a estate taxes)
Republican
Democrat
58
What innovation in broadcasting led to the development of "narrowcasting"?
cable television
the internet
satellite tv
netflix
59
All of the following were intended to limit black voting EXCEPT
primaries
poll taxes
grandfather clauses
literacy tests
60
Senatorial courtesy is most important /critical for what level of the federal courts?
the district courts
the circuit courts
the Supreme Court
61
In what types of cases is the plaintiff always the government?
justiceable
appellate
civil
criminal
62
Why is it relatively hard to hire federal employees?
They generally quit before they can be fired
It is hard to find new people willing to take the exams
They have due process rights and cannot be fired w/o proof
They cycle out after each presidential election
63
The President must have the advice and consent of the Senate to make treaties and __________.
tax
appointments
veto
declare war
64
What congressional office regulates the spending of public funds?
The Bean Counting Patrol
The General Accounting Office
The Congressional Budget Office
The Federal Reserve
65
What case declared that the accused must be provided a lawyer during questioning if requested?
Escobedo v. Illinois
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Miranda v. Arizona
Gideon v. Wainwright
66
The following plans / compromises are evident in the ratified Constitution except which one?
3/5 Compromise
Slave Trade
Connecticut
Virginia Plan
67
Al the following are concurrent powers of the federal and state governments EXCEPT?
establishing courts
police power
taxation
printing currency
68
The idea that a popular candidate at the top of the ballot can help elect other party members
endorsements
coattails
approval ratings
bandwagon
69
Cesar Chavez led boycotts and demonstrations to get better protections for what group?
asians
hispanics
migrant workers
women
70
At the start of our republic, to vote you had to meet all the following criiteria EXCEPT
white
property owner
male
Christian
71
In the 1830s, the Supreme Court ruled in Barron v. Baltimore that the Bill of Rights restrained
only the federal government
only the executive power
the state governments
all governments in the US
72
What is the status of the constitutionality of the War Powers Resolution?
It is currently pending.
It has not been tested.
It has been upheld.
It has been struck down.
73
What is the primary reason some states have more delegates than others at the convention?
They more reliably vote for the party
they raise the most money for the party
they have the most registered party members
they have a larger population
74
If a state is part of "frontloading", it is probably
moving its primary / caucus to an earlier date
giving free tv time to candidates
making it easier to register to vote
making it harder to get on the ballot
75
How many justices serve on the Supreme Court?
9
10
7
11
76
What amendment gave women the right to vote?
19th
18th
17th
20th
77
Which of the following is not one of the purposes mentioned in the Preamble?
provide for the general welfare
ensure domestic tranquility
establish justice
due process
78
In what type of primaries can voters vote for different parties on the same ballot?
open
blanket
closed
bicameral
79
This law said suspected terrorists can be wiretapped and residences searched without notice
Freedom Act
Protect America Act
Wikileaks Act
Patriot Act
80
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Protect the life of the unborn.
conservative
liberal
81
When a newly elected president claims his/her policies should be enacted, they are claiming
state of the union
neutral competence
bully pulpit
electoral mandate
82
The significance of campaign strategy
is often underestimated
is that it sets the policy agenda
is generally overstated
is that it typically converts voters
83
What was the goal of the McGovern-Fraser Commission in the 1960s?
to streamline platform writing
to make delegate selection more democratic
to eliminate caucuses in favor of primaries
to regulate campaign finance
84
The two models of organization for White House Staff are hiearchical and
solar
wheel and spoke
circular
flat
85
The clear division of powers between the state and federal government is known as
fiscal federalism
cooperative federalism
new federalism
dual federalism
86
Which article of the Constitution outlines the amendment process?
Article IV
Article VI
Article III
Article V
87
Giving government jobs in return for loyalty and support of elected officials is called
due process
merit system
due diligence
patronage
88
A trial balloon is usually preceded by a
beat
scandal
leak
interview
89
What article of the Constitution explains the judicial branch?
Article III
Article II
Article I
Article IV
90
What type of communication is most likely to discuss a candidate's positions on the issues?
tv ads
a poll
the nightly news
interviews with media
91
What type of polls are candidates LEAST likely to use?
exit poLling
voter perception
key word / phrasing polls
push polls
92
One key job of the bureaucracy in relation to regulation is
rule-making
filing class action lawsuits
iron triangles
passing laws
93
What was the first form of mass media?
radio
telegraph
television
daily newspapers
94
Who actually votes to nominate candidates at the national convention?
party leaders
electors
voters
delegates
95
What case declared that "separate is inherently unequal", ending school segregation?
Gideon v. Wainwright
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Escobedo v. Illinois
Miranda v. Arizona
96
Is political socialization mostly formal or informal in the U.S.?
informal
formal
97
What aspect of campaigns gets the most media attention?
the candidate's voting record
policy positions
"horserace" coverage
fundraising
98
Most elected officials use this model of leadership
politico model
agency model
instructed delegate model
trustee model
99
This case ruled that women have a right to an abortion in the 1st trimester without restriction
Griswold v. Connecticut
Roe v. Wade
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
Gideon v. Wainwright
100
What IS and what is NOT present in a Court of Appeals trial?
4 judges, law fairies
attorneys, judges
5 judges, juries
3 judges, witnesses
101
What is the President's main check on judicial power?
judge appointments
file amicus curiae briefs
impeachment
judicial review
102
House or Senate? The Vice President breaks ties.
Senate
Neither
Both
House
103
Third parties serve all of the following functions EXCEPT
inject new issues into the policy agenda
motivate more people to vote
safety valve for popular discontent
make elections less volatile
104
What court cased ruling established that arbitrary gender discrimination is unlawful?
Shaw v. Hunt
Reed v. Reed
Santa Clara v. Martinez
Shaw v. Reno
105
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Privatize Social Security.
Republican
Democrat
106
Powers not granted to the federal government and retained by the states are called . . .
reserved
enumerated
granted
federalism
107
People and groups who have a perspective on a case, but are not directly involved, can
testify
hire lobbyists
file amicus curiae briefs
obtain standing
108
All of the following tend to happen as you age EXCEPT
You vote for Democrats
you attend to the news
you vote more
you get more conservative
109
Which of the following Constitutional principles insures we are not a confederation?
supremacy clause
limited government
elastic clause
implied powers
110
What action is Congress's best "tool" for countering judicial activism?
amendements
regulations
legislation
impeachment
111
Through what court case did John Marshall claim for the court the power of judicial review?
Marbury v. Madison
U.S. v. Lopez
Gibbons v. Ogden
McCullough v. Maryland
112
What caused a steady increase in the cost of campaigns in the late 1950s and early 60s?
staffing requirements
inflation
television
new state election laws
113
Controlling for education and wealth, who is more likely to vote?
black Americans
white Americans
114
This 1954 case ruled that "separate but equal" was inherently unequal
Plessy v. Ferguson
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
115
This 1971 case ruled that busing was an acceptable remedy to desegregate schools
Plessy v. Ferguson
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
116
What text says, "We hold these truths to be self evident. . . all men are created equal . . "?
Common Sense
The Constitution
The Gettysburg Address
The Declaration of Independence
117
Media tends to be biased in all the following ways EXCEPT?
they tend to be liberal
They focus on odd/ unusual
they focus on issues
They focus on individuals
118
What type of primary do political parties like best?
closed
open
unicameral
blanket
119
Why did Eisenhower say that his appointment of Earl Warren was a mistake?
He stepped down after 3 years
He criticized Ike's response to the Little Rock Crisis
He "flipped" to the conservative side
He "flipped" to the liberal side
120
You must prove you have been directly affected to prove that you have this in court
legitimacy
jurisprudence
standing
representation
121
What is referred to as the "paradox of mass politics" in the US?
how much people complain given how few vote
That the people think we have a democracy when we do not
How obsessed we are with presidential politics over local
the success of our democracy given how little we know
122
What federal agency oversees all hiring, providing 3 candidates to the hiring agency?
The Bureaucratic Management Agency
The Office of Personnel Management
National Labor Relations Board
The Civil Service Commission
123
For a case to be heard by the Supreme Court, how many justices must vote to accept it?
7
4
5
6
124
"Pork"and "earmarks" are nicknames for
federally funded projects that benefit a small group/region
legislation that has wide appeal
retiring officials that become lobbyists
legislation related to agricultural subsidies
125
How has the gov't. ensured press access to the war front & insured context in their reporting?
they allow reporters to "embed" with military units
they put no restrictions on the press in war torn areas
all war reporters are members of the military
the military provides info to be vetted by the press
126
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Subsidize renewable energy development.
Democrat
Republican
127
Why are signing statements controversial?
They are relatively new in presidential history
They tend to indicate an intent for selective enforcement
the Constitution says the actual President must sign laws
they are executive orders in disguise
128
All of the following are a types of third parties we have seen in US politics EXCEPT
revolutionary
splinter
ideological
protest
129
If the President cannot get his judges approved by the Senate, what is his/her other option?
a recess appointment
shrink the # of courts
executive order
a veto war
130
All of the following would make approval of a Supreme Court nominee more difficult EXCEPT
it is the end of the President's second term
the nominee is older
the nominee is relatively unknown
The Senate and President are from different parties
131
What fact might indicate that an incumbent is in a tight reelection race?
They are avoiding media attention
they increase campaign spending
they participate in debates
they are taking clear positions on issues
132
Which of the following is true of Supreme Court opinions?
They must be unaninmous
They must meet the standard of stare decisis
All are written by the Chief Justice
they are either concurring or dissenting
133
Conservative or liberal? Provide a "path to citizenship" for law-abiding illegal immigrants.
liberal
conservative
134
What has led to a drop in the competitiveness of districts & a decline in contested elections?
gerrymandering
electioneering
polarization
filibustering
135
House or Senate? Has a rules committee.
Both
House
Neither
Senate
136
All of the following are ways the President might achieve a policy without passing a law EXCEPT
executive agreements
veto override
executive orders
selective enforcement
137
What is a common way for Congressmen to get input from the bureaucracy?
lobbying
hearings
approve appintments
deregulation
138
All of the following are purposes of national conventions now EXCEPT
to advertise the candidate
to debate policy openly
to energize the party faithful
to officially nominate a candidate
139
What is casework?
How a lawyer prepares for trial
Constituent services
research Congressional staffers do for committees
Preparation for committee hearings
140
All of the following are typical actions of the President in their role as head of state EXCEPT
receiving foreign heads of state
laying a wreath on the grave of the Unknown Soldier
pardoning a turkey on Thanksgiving
pardoning criminals
141
What case ruled that congressional districts must be drawn to have equal #s of people in them?
Miranda v. Arizona
Baker v. Carr
Swann v . Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Gideon v. Wainwright
142
What case established that the government can regulate corporations under the commerce clause?
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Gibbons v. Ogden
Sweatt v. Paint
Munn v. Illinois
143
All of the following groups were part of the New Deal coalition EXCEPT
white souitherners
blacks
unions
the wealthy
144
What do bureaucrats get out of iron triangles?
more authority and bigger budgets
endorsements
lobbyists
less red tape
145
Which amendment banned alcohol in the U.S.?
19th
21st
25th
18th
146
House or Senate? Has a Speaker.
Both
Neither
House
Senate
147
What do family, mass media, school and peers have in common related to politics?
They are all informal
They are all agents of socialization
They are all potential groups
They are all interest groups
148
What has been true about American's attitudes about government since 1964?
they have become more informed
They have less trust in the governmnt
they have become more ideological
They have voted more often
149
Unstated powers that are logically
delegated to Congress and the president are called . . .
inherent
enumerated
supremacy powers
reserved
150
What is the purpose of a caucus in the House, Senate or made of both Reps and Senators?
To iron differences out on controversial topics
To stop legislation
To stop amendments
To focus their collective energy of a specific area
151
All of the following are true about impeachment EXCEPT
The chief Justice oversees the trial
Two U.S. presidents have been impeached
The House decides the charges
standards for whaat is impeachable are very clear
152
When is a party usually most cohesive in terms of voting as a bloc?
when declaring war
domestic issues
impeachment
leadership votes
153
Franking is
Unregulated
a duty given to US elected officials
Illegal
a privilege granted to US elected officials
154
According to the Constitution, once a year, the president is required to do what?
restate the oath
hold a joint session of Congress
Give a speech
inform Congress about the state of the Union
155
What case declared that the accused must be read their rights upon custodial interrogation?
Miranda v. Arizona
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Gideon v. Wainwright
Escobedo v. Illinois
156
Nixon's efforts to cut spending by refusing to spend money allocated by Congress was called
budget resolution
fiscal cliff
sequestration
impoundment
157
A judge appointed as a recess appointment can serve for no longer than
6 months
3 years
1 year
2 years
158
Which courts have original jurisdiction in some cases?
District and Appeals
Supreme and Appeals
Supreme and District
District only
159
Congress passes legislation that holds someone in jail without a trial it is called a _______?
ex post facto law
extradition
de facto prosecution
bill of attainder
160
The largest portion of DISCRETIONARY federal spending goes to
defense
medicare
foreign aid
education
161
What "sole power" does the House of Representative hold, according to the Constitution?
Taxation
Impeachment
Approve treaties
Declare War
162
How many levels are the federal court system?
four
three
two
five
163
A disconnect between a law/ statute and the implementation is likely due to
adminstrative discretion
regulation
due process
issue networks
164
What agency oversees radio & television broadcasting & requires licensing?
Public Broadcasting Corporation
Securities and Exchange Commission
Federal Communications Commission
Federal Trade Commission
165
House or Senate? Committee assignments are based on seniority.
House
Neither
Senate
Both
166
What part of the 14th amendment allows selective incorporation of civil liberties protections?
the elastic clause
the necessary and propoer clause
the equal protection clause
the due process clause
167
What is the President's primary role in national security?
Commander in Chief
UN Ambassador
Party Leader
Reprieves and pardons
168
The Department of Homeland Security, Education, Health and Human Services are all examples of
Cabinet positions
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Independent Executive Agencies
Government Corporations
169
Under the Articles of Confederation, what power did the federal government have?
to create courts
to regulate interstate trade
to tax
negotiate treaties
170
Which of the following type of voter is least common?
low information
nature of the times
groups benefits
idealogues
171
What portion of the 14th amendment is the basis for civil rights protections in the US?
the equal protection clause
elastic clause
the due process clause
the free exercise clause
172
The court case that broadly defined Congress' ability to control trade between states was
Fletcher v. Peck
Dartmouth v. Woodward
McCullough v. Maryland
Giibbons v. Ogden
173
This 1857 case ruled that blacks were not citizens and slaves were property.
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Plessy v. Ferguson
Griswold v. Connecticut
Reynolds v. United States
174
What's the remedy if each house of Congress has passed a similar but not identical bill?
caucus
conference committee
joint committee
casework
175
This amendment gave black males the right to vote
14th
15th
13th
12th
176
What is the primary reason third parties do not succeed longterm?
campaign funding laws
state requirementa to get on the ballpt
voter apathy
the winner take all system
177
Another term for prior restraint is
censorship
subpoena
warrant
arrest
178
What is the point of a trial balloon?
to launch a campaign
to see how high it will go without popping
to mend fences after a scandal
to see public reaction before making a public announcement
179
How many justices must concur with an opinion for it to be considered precedent setting?
6
4
7
5
180
When Sen. Majority Leader Reid cut the # of votes needed to approve judges it was deemed
free exercise
the filibuster
sequestration
the nuclear option
181
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Support free trade and low tariffs.
liberal
conservative
182
The advisor(s) with the least loyalty to the President tend to be
the Vice President
White House Staff
The cabinet
The Executive Offices
183
If you are a state or local official, which of the following are you the most excited about?
categorical grants
block grants
unfunded madates
enumerated powers
184
The National Labor Relations Board, Fed. Communications Commission and SEC are examples of
Government Corporations
Independent Executive Agencies
Cabinet positions
Independent Regulatory Agencies
185
Interest groups and political parties differ in that
political parties offer selective benefits
political parties are involved in electioneering
political parties' main goal is to get candidates elected
Parties have legislative goals
186
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Get rid of the "death tax" (a.k.a estate taxes)
Republican
Democrat
187
Why are federal elected officials often referred to as "generalists"?
They have the most expansive powers.
They favor military solutions in most cases.
They know a little about many subjects.
They know a lot about a few subjects.
188
Conservative or liberal? Increase regulations to protect the environment.
liberal
conservative
189
This amendment limits the U.S. President to two terms.
21st
23rd
22nd
20th
190
How many years must you have lived in the US to be President?
20 years
14 years
15 years
30 years
191
How has TV coverage of conventions changed over time?
It is more in depth
it is shorter
It is longer
It is nonexistent
192
What person or groups bears the most responsibility for funding and shaping a campaign?
the bureaucracy
interest groups
the party
the candidate
193
Which of the following is an example of unconventional political participation?
protest
voting
petitioning
running for office
194
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "strict scrutiny" standard.
sexual orientation
gender
religion
wealth
195
During the Clinton administration, government spending was addressed by "offsets" meaning
department budgets would all be cut to zero and built back
increased spending in one area must be offset by cuts
estate taxes would be raised each time spending went up
savings from making cuts are converted to tax cuts
196
Who are the litigants in a case?
the plaintiff and defendent
the lawyers
the members of the jury
the judges
197
To hold what federal office must you have been a citizen for 7 years?
U.S. President
U.S. Senator
U.S. Representative
U.S. Judge
198
What case established a 3 part test for obscenity?
Texas v. Johnson
NY Times v. Sullivan
Schenk v. the United States
Miller v. California
199
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "strict scrutiny" standard.
sexual orientation
gender
age
race
200
How is the Congressional Budget Office different from the GAO?
The CBO is a partisan organization
The CBO is part of the Federal Reserve
The CBO provides estimates for budgeting purposes
The CBO is a watchdog on the GAO
201
What impact did the Great Depression and Civil Rights have on the feds' commerce power?
it was unchanged
it was inconsistent
expanded it / made bigger
contracted it / made smaller
202
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Put a cap on malpractice lawsuits.
Democrat
Republican
203
In what part of the Constitution are political parties discussed?
Article III
Article II
Article V
No part
204
All of the following indicate an intention to return power to the states from the feds EXCEPT
nullification
Nixon's New Federalismj
extradition
devolution
205
What does it mean when a candidate is being "vetted"?
They are being nominated
They are being fully "checked out" for any problems
They are being prepped for a debate
They are fiundraising
206
McCain Feingold, a.k.a. the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) did all the following EXCEPT
barred issue ads by outside groups before an election
increased the amount individuals to donate to candidates
required reporting of PAC contributions
eliminated the public funding option
207
What fraction of state legislatures/ conventions must approve of all Constitutional amendmentS?
100%
1/2
3/4
2/3
208
What was the most "democratic" institution established by our founders?
The Electoral College
The President
The House of Representatives
The Senaste
209
In the legislative process, what type of laws must originate in the House of Representatives?
declaring war
taxation bills
treaty approval
creating courts
210
Most common criminals are prosecuted in what courts?
district
state
appellate
federal
211
What effect did Shay's Rebellion have on the "founding fathers"?
They feared a stronger federal power.
They added a Bill of Rights to the Constitution
They opposed federal taxation
They were eager to create a stronger federal government.
212
What part of the Civil Rights Act banned discrimination in federally funded programs?
Title IX
Title V
Title XI
Title XX
213
Whose term lasts six years?
U.S. President
U.S. Representatives
U.S. judges
U.S. Senators
214
The fact that Congress initiates laws is an example of . . .
separation of power
limited government
checks and balances
judicial review
215
Civil liberties protections for all citizens are based on
the Preamble
the 14th amendment
The Bill of Rights
The Declaration of Independence
216
What case established students can wear arm bands to school in symbolic protest ?
Schenk v. the United States
Texas v. Johnson
Miller v. California
Tinker v. DesMoines
217
Which leadership model would an elected official follow a majority of his constituents?
trustee
politico
unicameral
delegate
218
What party did Abraham Lincoln found?
Know Nothing
Democrat
Whig
Republican
219
Which party requires that primary / caucus results be used to assign delegates
proportionally
?
Republicans
Democrats
220
The case Buckley v. Valeo struck down what part of campaign finance restrictions?
the part that said you must take public funding
the part that banned hard money
the part that banned soft money
the part that said you can't fund your own campaign
221
These were the first two political parties in the United States.
Know Nothings and Whigs
Republicans and Democrats
Federalists and Democratic Republicans
Democrats and Whigs
222
The most common vehicle the government uses to borrow money is
tax loopholes
foreign banks
sequestration
bond sales
223
What party, est. in the 1890s, failed to defeat the Republicans despite support from Democrats?
Populists
Know Nothings
Whigs
Dixiecrats
224
The Downs Model / Rational Choice Model explains
Why third parties tend to fail
Why we have two parties
why we don't have radical parties in the US
why we have polarization
225
What court ruling banned simplistic formulas that advantaged minorities in college admissions?
Grutter v. Bollinger
Fisher v.University of Texas
Adarand Construction v. Pena
Gratz v. Bollinger
226
Conservative or liberal? Require photo ID to vote.
liberal
conservative
227
How do U.S. elections compare with European ones?
They are longer, more exspensive and more common
They are faster, cheaper, and less common
They are shorter but more expensive
They are longer but cheaper
228
All of the following are criticisms of our current primary / caucus system EXCEPT:
it caters to low information voters
the early states get too much attention
few people participate
the early states are not representative of the US population
229
What court ruling banned the use of quotas in university admissions?
Texas v. Johnson
Regents of Univ. of CA v, Bakke
Snyder v. Phelps
Fisher v.University of Texas
230
Incrementalism in the budget process leads to
delays / slow budget negotiations
inevitable growth in budgets
budget reconciliation
the military industrial complex
231
Across the board cuts that result when the budget process bogs down are called
omnibus bills
regressive taxing
structural debt
sequestration
232
If the Supreme Court wants to hear a case, they issue a /an
a warrant
opinion
oral argument
writ of certiori
233
Uncontrollable expenditures result from
tax loopholes
deficit spending
tax indexing
entitlements
234
What indicator is most significantly correlated with presidential approval ratings?
character ratings
economic indicators
gold medals earned by the US at the Olympics
foreign policy achievements
235
What case ruling made 527 groups flourish because corporations could give them unlimited funds?
Citizens United v, Federal Election Commission
FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life
US v. Nixon
McCain v. BCRA
236
What prevents the press form being too "tough" on the government and officials?
they are liberal biased towards government intervention
They are inherently patriotic
they need access to government officials
They might alienate viewers
237
The United States government is accurately described as
a unitary federation
an autocracy
a democracy
a republic
238
This amendment protects states from lawsuits from people not living in the state.
12th
11th
9th
10th
239
The Supreme Court has had original jurisdiction in all the following cases EXCEPT
capital punishment cases
between a state and a country
between the US and states
between 2 or more states
240
What was the ruling in Korematsu v. The United States?
People of Japanese ancestry born in the US are not citizens
Germans and Italians should also be interned
Internment of Japanese US citizens is unconstitutional
Internment of people of Japanese ancestry is constitutional
241
Expanded influence of the feds over the states through funding is called . . .
fiscal federalism
concurrent powers
incumbency
fiscal policy
242
Who manages what federal cases the government will appeal to the Supreme Court?
the U.S. Marshalls
The Chief Magistrate
The Chief Justice
The Solicitor General
243
Which of the following is true of the bureaucracy?
It has grown sharply since the 1970s
10% is appointed by the President after inauguration
Military personnel make up the largest segment
Salaries for federal employees is variable and unpredictable
244
Where is judicial review "covered" in the Constitution?
It's not
Article I
Article III
Article VI
245
Before the president appoints a federal judge from a state, he'll usually get approval from
the Supreme Court
the state's senators
the state's governor
the state's House Reps
246
This 1896 case ruled that "separate but equal" was constitutional
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Plessy v. Ferguson
Reynolds v. United States
247
What do legislators get out of iron triangles?
expanded budget authority
support from interest groups
seniority in committee assignments
increased staff
248
When judges are accused of letting their personal views shape decisions, unconstitutionally:
strict constructionism
due process
judicial activism
judicial restraint
249
All of the following are ADMINISTRATIVE functions of the President EXCEPT
execute the law
issue pardons
fill vacancies
nominate officials
250
Which of the following is an example of a beat?
press conference
politics
newscast
narrowcast
251
What American president is credited with inventing campaigning & inspiring "loyal opposition"?
Thomas Jefferson
William McKinley
Alexander Hamilton
Andrew Jackson
252
What percentage of delegates does a candidate need to get the nomination?
50% +1
the largest percentage of all candidates
2/3 or 75%
100%
253
All of the following are true of primaries EXCEPT?
states have them on different dates
they are more common than caucuses
there is a ballot
Voters physically meet and discuss candidates
254
Comstat, Amtrack and the Postal Service are all examples of
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Government Corporations
Independent Executive Agencies
Cabinet positions
255
What case said the 14th amendment could extend civil liberties protections to the state level?
Lemon v. Kurtzman
Gitlow v. New York
Engel v. Vitale
Schenk v. the United States
256
All of the following are true of caucuses EXCEPT
the whole process takes one day
they were a tool of party machines and bosses in the past
Only 12 states hold them
the most fanous ones are in Iowa
257
Voters registered as independents are positively correlated with what behavior?
ticket-splitting
voting
protesting
fundraising
258
What is the relationship between fiscal federalism and cooperative federalism?
cooperative federalism canceled fiscal federalism
Cooperative federalism caused fiscal federalism
You can only have one or the other, not both
fiscal federalism encourages cooperative federalism
259
Case that said laws not aimed at religious interference but that have that affect are ok
Barron v. Baltimore
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg
Employment Division v. Smith
Engel v. Vitale
260
In 1972, what constitutional amendment failed to be ratified?
Fuel Independence
Gay Rights
Tutle IX
The Equal Rights Amendment
261
The Bill of Rights represents what constitutional principle?
checks and balances
separation of powers
judicial review
limited government
262
The purposes of government are discussed in what part of the Constitution?
The Preamble
The Bill of Rights
The Mutual Pledge
The Introduction
263
Discrimination based on ________________ requires the "reasonable / lowest scrutiny" standard.
gender
race
religion
age
264
House or Senate? Allows floor amendments.
House
Senate
265
According to Max Weber, all of the following are characteristics of bureaucracies EXCEPT
reliance on technology
chain of command
division of labor
promotion based on merit
266
What case declared that the accused must be provided a lawyer if they cannot afford one?
Escobedo v. Illinois
Miranda v. Arizona
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Gideon v. Wainwright
267
Who makes up the interpreting population for the court system?
lawyers and judges
criminals
police officers & teachers
attorneys
268
What is the only presidential foreign policy action that is self executing?
waging war
appointing ambassadors
executive agreements
diplomatic recognition
269
Why did Antifederalists oppose the Constitution?
They felt the Bill of Rights was flawed
They felt the states were too powerful
They feared a strong federal government
They wanted a democracy
270
After Watergate and Vietnam, how did media treatment of the government shift?
the press became a "watchdog" on the government
the press became apathetic towards the government
the press became more deferentail to the legislative power
the press became more protective of the president
271
Which of the following is true of 527 groups?
they produce issue ads
They are for profit taxable organizations
they disclose the names of contributors
They coordinate closely with candidates
272
Which amendment says powers not granted to the federal government are retained by the states?
8th
10th
11th
12th
273
This case ruled the government must provide an attorney if a suspect cannot afford one
Mapp v. Ohio
Gideon v. Wainwright
Miranda v. Arizona
NAACP v. Alabama
274
Implied powers were upheld when the courts approved the national bank as a result of what case?
Gibbons v. Ogden
Marbury v. Madison
McCullough v. Maryland
Fletcher v. Peck
275
This case ruled the gov't. can't use evidence gained as a result of an illegal search:
Miranda v. Arizona
NAACP v. Alabama
Gregg v. Georgia
Mapp v. Ohio
276
Who determines the method and timing of delegate selection?
the states
the U.S. Congress
the Suoreme Court
the voters through referendum
277
This law banned literacy tests & allowed federal oversight of election activities in the South
The Civil Rights Act of 1968
The 24th amendment
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
278
House or Senate? Has standing committees..
House
Neither
Both
Senate
279
House or Senate? Holds impeachment trials.
Both
Neither
Senate
House
280
Which type(s) of federal court(s) do not have appellate jurisdiction?
District Courts
Superior Courts
The Supreme Court
Circuit Courts
281
Tha patronage system was reformed by what law that requires civil service exams?
Pendleton Act
Hatch Act
The Stalwart Law
The McKinley Act
282
Strict constructionists seek to understand or discern
inherent powers
free exercise
judicial activism
original intent
283
All of the elements below are part of iron triangles EXCEPT
interest groups
legilslators
bureaucrats
the President
284
What branch of the federal government MAY be involved in amending the Constitution?
The Bureaucracy
The Judicial
The Legislative
The Executive
285
According to the Constitution you must be at least 30 years old to hold what office?
U.S. Judge
U.S. President
U.S. Senator
U.S. Representative
286
What case established that speech can be banned that poses a "clear and present" danger?
Texas v. Johnson
Schenk v. the United States
NY Times v. Sullivan
Miller v. California
287
House or Senate? Small states are disproportionately represented.
House
Neither
Senate
Both
288
What percentage / fraction of the Senate must approve treaties for them to become law?
51%
3/4
unanimous
2/3
289
The 3 part test for government acting according to the establishment clause was established in
Miller v. California
Employment Division v. Smith
Lemon v. Kutzman
Engel v. Vitale
290
The Hatch Act bans federal employees from engaging in what behaviors?
Awarding alcohol at official government functions
Electioneering during work hours
Awarding contracts without a competitive bid process
Leaking information to the press
291
What political philosopher most inspired the writing of the Declaration?
John Locke
Thomas Hobbes
Adam Smith
Montesquieu
292
The distance between a law and implementation is called
bureaucratic distance
appellate jurisdiction
slippage
administrative discretion
293
What agency prepares the budget, which is first proposed by the executive (since the 1920s)?
The Council on Economic Advisors
The GOA
The OMB
The White House Staff
294
What group gained citizenship and could vote in 1924?
immigrants
blacks
native americans
migrant workers
295
What was evident after the Kennedy v. Nixon debates in 1960?
physical attractiveness could impact electoral success
The Conservative Era was over
politicians must take clear positions on issues
the effect of television on politics would be minimal
296
Presidential authority to strip out parts of bills without rejecting the whole bill is known as
the pocket veto
the line item veto
ways and means
discretionary spending
297
How did local party bosses win support and loyalty to their party in the past?
patronage
providing government services
voter fraud
advertising
298
This amendment says Congress can't raise their own salaries.
27th
26th
25th
24th
299
What do habeus corpus protections protect you against?
unlawful searches
quartering troops in your home
unlawful imprisonment
treason charges
300
What law requires employers to reasonable accommodate people with disabilities?
The Disabled Freedom Act
The Disabled Accommodation Act
The Americans With Disabilities Act
The Handicapped Bill of Rights
301
All of the following demographic trends in the U.S. are true EXCEPT:
Blacks outnumber hispanics
the population is shifting to the south
We will soon be a majority minority nation
The median age is getting higher.
302
This amendment clarified presidential succession should the President be ill but not dead.
24th
26th
23rd
25th
303
What is the largest source of revenue coming into the US government?
Fuel taxes
Tariffs
Corporate taxes
Income taxes
304
Which amendment provided for an income tax?
16th
10th
15th
12th
305
Which of the following committees would be considered most powerful?
Ethics
Appropriations
Energy and Commerce
Veteran's Affairs
306
This program provides pensions for the handicapped, orphaned, blind and elderly
Medicaid
Medicare
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
Social Security
307
When does a federal judge leave office?
when they choose or die
after a no confidence vote
After 10 years
After 5 years
