suggests the dominant group will displace unfocused aggression on minority

Zimbardo's SPE: which best describes behaviour of prisoners

became more withdrawn & anxious as study progressed

Availability heuristics

a problem solving method that uses information readily available to you

What did Lewis Terman create?

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test

What is Confirmation Bias?

looking for sources that support your opinions

Edward Titchener developed structuralism, which analyzed psychology by...

attempting to break it down into components or elements

Foot in the Door Phenomenon

Agreeing to small requests to eventually agree to larger one

Are based on a clinician's interpretation of a client's response to stimuli

The school of behaviorism defined psychology as

the scientific study of observable behavior

What is “reciprocal determinism”?

dynamic exchanges between people and environment

Electroconvulsive Therapy...

Uses electric shock therapy to stimulate and reset brain neurons.

An example of intrinsic motivation would be...

participating in a sport because you enjoy it

Retroactive interference involves...

difficulty retrieving old memories

Validity can be best described as:

measurement that reflects what it was intended to measure

The superego is Freud's term for...

the moral component of personality

According to the nativist theory, language is acquired...

Using an inborn ability to learn language.

In an experiment on the effectiveness of an insomnia drug, the dependent variable would be?

amount of sleep obtained by subject

strong affection we have for those w/ whom our lives deeply involved

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2023 AP Psych Exam Review

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Review for the AP Psych Exam

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Questions 100

Answers

1
Scapegoat Theory:
suggests the dominant group will displace unfocused aggression on minority
a false theory with no evidence to support it
suggest that throughout time assimilation will take place
suggests that the minority group will slowly overthrow the majority
2
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
punishment
operant conditioning
observational learning
classical conditioning
3
Zimbardo's SPE: which best describes behaviour of prisoners
they made it v difficult for guards to enforce the rules
they supported each other
resisted the cruelty of guards throughout study
became more withdrawn & anxious as study progressed
4
Antidepressant drugs that treat mood disorders affect which type of neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
Endorphins
Serotonin
Adrenaline
5
Availability heuristics
a problem solving method that uses information readily available to you
a problem solving method that uses your prototype as the best image
a problem solving method that uses a formula the get right to the answer
a problem sovling method that uses a step by step process
6
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
clinical psychologist
psychoanalyst
psychiatrist
cognitive psychotherapist
7
Botulin blocks the effects of ACh in synapses,making it a/an...
Agonist
Endorphin
Antagonist
Endocrine
8
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
attitude is to action
feeling is to thinking
thought is to perception
behavior is to motive
9
Jean Piaget was famous for stages of __________ development
sexual
moral
psychosocial
cognitive
10
Damage to the fovea would have the greatest effect on...
kinesthesis
night vision
visual acuity
sensory adaptation
11
What did Lewis Terman create?
Alpha-Beta Test of Intelligence
Wechsler Intelligence Scale
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test
Binet Intelligence Test
12
Ghrelin is produced by the ____ and sends a signal that you are ____.
stomach; gaining weight
hypothalamus; happy
stomach; hungry
fat cells; full
13
In a collectivist culture, individuals are likely to avoid
expressing family loyalty.
prolonging conversations
displaying personal humility
embarrassing other people.
14
What is Confirmation Bias?
bias after accepting a position at an employer
bias that has been proven
checking to be sure something has bias
looking for sources that support your opinions
15
Edward Titchener developed structuralism, which analyzed psychology by...
focusing on the purpose of behavior
attempting to find a biological cause for every emotion
focus on observable actions
attempting to break it down into components or elements
16
Redirecting unacceptable urges into more acceptable pursuits defines which defense mechanism?
Regression
Sublimation
Denial
Rationalization
17
Generally antipsychotics act on which neurotransmitter system?
Glutamate
Serotonin
Dopamine
Cortisol
18
Foot in the Door Phenomenon
Getting your foot caught in a door
Feeling confusion in moral situaitons
Agreeing to small requests to eventually agree to larger one
Disagreeing to extreme requests before OKing a small one
19
Projective tests:
Are based on a clinician's interpretation of a client's response to stimuli
Are a type of objective personality test
Are used infrequently these days
Are not considered particularly helpful in the clinical process
20
The school of behaviorism defined psychology as
the biological study of the brain and its behavior
the sociology study of group behavior
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
the scientific study of observable behavior
21
What is “reciprocal determinism”?
dynamic exchanges between people and environment
dynamic knowledge by people for health decisions
dynamic knowledge by people for control over their lives
dynamic exchange between people and community
22
The amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, which are all concerned with emotion, are located:
medulla
thalamus
limbic system
cerebellum
23
Which of the following differentiates binge eating disorders from bulimia nervosa?
Chronic overeating
Losing weight
Avoiding self induced vomiting
Buying large amounts of food
24
The last stage of moral development according Kohlberg is:
formal coventional
coventional
post conventional
formal operational
25
Bipolar cells are located in the
Lens
Optic nerve
Retina
Blind spot
26
Conversion disorder is an example of a(n)
somatoform disorder
anxiety disorder
depressive disorder
dissociative disorder
27
Electroconvulsive Therapy...
Uses electric shocks as an aversive consequence in operant conditioning.
Uses electricity to stimulate muscle movement.
Uses electricity to measure brain waves to diagnose disorders.
Uses electric shock therapy to stimulate and reset brain neurons.
28
Which intelligence test that Weschler made, is for adults?
WIAS
WISC
WAIS
NISC
29
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a potential score
IQ
mental age
a percentile score
30
An example of intrinsic motivation would be...
studying to get good grades
participating in a sport because you enjoy it
doing chores to earn allowance
practicing an art to obtain a scholarship
31
A newborn is in thist stage of Piaget's cognitive development
trust vs mistrust
sensorimotor
concrete operational
preoperational
32
Retroactive interference involves...
improved memories
difficulty retrieving old memories
difficulty encoding new memories
difficulty retaining memory
33
Which scan takes an x-ray of the brain?
FMR
EEG
CAT
MRI
34
Leptin is released in our ________ and ________ hunger.
stomach; inhibits
intestines; stimulates
fat cells; stimulates
fat cells; inhibits
35
Validity can be best described as:
data that is correct
consistency of measurement
measurement that reflects what it was intended to measure
data that is close to the mark
36
A parenting style that allows freedom, lax parenting that doesn't set limits or enforce rules
permissive parenting style
authoritarian parenting style
discipline
democratic parenting style
37
The superego is Freud's term for...
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the conscious aspect of personality
the moral component of personality
38
Deindividuation partly explains
Mob behavior
Noncomformity
Altruistic behavior
Social facilitation
39
The need to take larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of…
tolerance
dissociation
withdrawal
dependence
40
According to the nativist theory, language is acquired...
Best in the language and culture native to the family.
Only if instruction is provided in the native language.
Using an inborn ability to learn language.
By parents reinforcing correct language use.
41
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
behaviorism
psychoanalysis
functionalism
neodynamism
42
Social Learning Theory, observed & modeled Bobo, reciprocal determinism, behavior = interaction
Bandura
Thorndike
Watson
Skinner
43
Which theory of emotion involves sub-cortical activity in the thalamus?
James-Lange
Drive Theory
Schachter's Two Factor
Cannon-Bard
44
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
alcohol
narcotics
cannabis
sedatives
45
In an experiment on the effectiveness of an insomnia drug, the dependent variable would be?
amount of sleep obtained by subject
a placebo
drug for insomnia
subjects given drug
46
Neuroscientists use _________ scans to pinpoint the brain areas that handle mental activities.
EEG
CT
PET
fMRI
47
Companionate love...
feelings of closeness, affection, connection
strong affection we have for those w/ whom our lives deeply involved
state of powerful absorption in someone
motivational drives relating to sex, physical closeness & romance
48
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
after autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
49
What defense mechanisms is characterized by externalization of guilt, blame, or responsibility?
Apathy
Projection
Denial
Undoing
50
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
incentive theory
drive theory
instinct theory
evolutionary theory
51
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
social charm
excessive guilt
manipulative behavior
aggressiveness
52
Theoretically, random assignment should eliminate...
Concerns over validity
Many confounding variables
Sampling error
The need for a representative sample
53
Which procedure would be used to modify the behaviors associated with severe cases of OCD?
split-brain
lesioning
transcranial magnetic stimulation
electrical stimulation
54
What type of reinforment or punishment maintains the phobia?
Negative Punishment
Negative Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement
Positive Punishment
55
In the Milgram studies, the dependent measure was...?
The instructions given by the experimenter.
The location of the learner.
The number of people in the group.
The highest level of shock supposedly administered.
56
An operational definition:
answers the research question.
specifies the measures, procedures & operations required
explains how an operation is performed
helps clarify the research problem
57
Fundamental Attribution Error
overestimate the situation & overestimate the disposition
underestimate the situation and overestimate the disposition
underestimate the situation & overestimate disposition
overestimate the situation and underestimate the disposition
58
Harry Harlow studied the role of ________ in attachment
love
spanking
contact comfort
nutrition
59
Evolutionary theories of motivation suggest that motives result in behaviors that...
reduce incentives
maximize reproductive success & ensure survival
reduce biological needs
maintain homeostasis
60
Who developed the Hierarchy of Needs?
Maslow
Erikson
Piaget
Nightingale
61
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
defense mechanisms
id mechanisms
offense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
62
Which personality test is used for disorders?
TAT
CANOE
MMPI
Rorschach
63
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
unrealistic demands from family/friends
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
64
With respect to prenatal development, teratogens _____ prenatal abnormalities.
do not cause
decrease the risk of
always cause
increase the risk of
65
A person with dissociative identity disorder has
frequent panic attacks.
amnesia about personal information and past events.
two or more partial personalities.
impulses to commit socially unacceptable behavior
66
Archetypes fall under ________'s theory of a collective unconscious.
Alfred Adler
Albert Bandura
Carl Jung
Carl Rogers
67
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
intelligence
cognition
mentalism
68
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring dissent from group members
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
69
What are the spaces between neurons called?
synarthrosis
corridors
synapses
spaces
70
Social Facilitation is the opposite of
Self-serving Bias
Social Loafing
Self-fulfilling prophecy
group polarization
71
What is the function of the medulla?
Transmits sensory information
Controls heartbeat and breathing
Creates drives such as hunger
Coordinates balance
72
What is Illusory Correlation?
Our tendency to perceive non-existent correlations.
A distortion on the graph
An error in the graph caused by a sampling bias
This one
73
Psychology is defined as the
sociological study of individual and group dynamics
scientific study of behavior and mental processes
humanistic study of emotions and feelings
study of supernatural phenomena
74
Bystander Effect
People take pictures of injured homeless people because it's funny
Helping someone because they are the only bystander
Someone pushes someone else off a bridge then calls themselves a bystander
When we don't help someone because we think someone else will
75
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
strange situation
attachment probing
secure-avoidant
shared inhibition
76
Random assignment means...
a group was selected at random from a larger population
subjects don't know the purpose of the study
subjects were placed in experimental/control groups randomly
subjects did provide personal information
77
Altruism is
the act of being selfish as opposed to compassionate
Unselfish regard for the welfare of others
Arguing for what you believe in
Putting your own needs above others
78
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a social psychologist
a forensic psychologist
a clinical psychologist
a developmental psychologist
79
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
William James
Rene Decartes
Wilhelm Wundt
G. Stanley Hall
80
Linguistic relativity theory was proposed by _______, and suggests that _____________.
Skinner;one’s language determines their thoughts
Pinker; language was necessary for evolution
Chomsky; our thoughts influence our language
Whorf; one’s language determines the natureof one’s thought
81
Aversion therapy to eliminate undesirable actions might be practiced by what type of therapist?
socio-cultural
forensic
behavioral
psychodynamic
82
The overwhelming thought of fear associated with OCD is called
Repetitive actions
Fear of Losing Control
Obsession
Compulsion
83
The behavior that is associated with the thoughts of overwhelming fear associated with OCD
Compulsion
Obsession
Repetitive Actions
Anxiety
84
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
genital
oral
anal
latency
85
Fluid intelligence includes all of the following except...
problem solving skills
processing speed
reasoning ability
knowledge over time
86
Social Traps
both partners get back what they put into the relationship
Movie with pre-drug Lindsay Lohan
harming collective well-being by pursuing personal interests
curious tendency to form diabolical images of one another
87
The reciprocity norm says
you help others at a personal cost
you help someone if they help you
you never help others
you help others only when it is at no personal cost
88
Positron Emission Tomography(PET) scans .......
show only the structure of brain tissue
take 360 degree X-rays of brain to produce a 2-D image
detect how much glucose is being used when given a functional task
detect oxygen levels in the blood flowing through the brain
89
Systematic desensitization involves
depriving client access to addictive drug
replacing pos. resp. to harmful stimulus w/neg. response
associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences
associating pleasant relaxed statew/anxiety arousing stimuli
90
The three stages of general adaptation syndrome include all of the following except..
exhaustion
anger
resistance
alarm
91
People tend to only recall the first and last items in a list accurately, illustrating...
spacing effect
serial-position effect
recency effect
misinformation effect
92
What personality disorder has excessive interest in oneself and one's physical appearance
narcissism
antisocial
dissociative
paranoid
93
Find the independent variable: Children with abusive parents are more likely to abuse drugs.
Having Abusive Parents
Drug Abuse
Children
Alcoholism
94
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
personality
mood
schizophrenic
anxiety
95
The following preferred parenting style is both responsive & demanding-
submissive
authoritative
authoritarian
permissive
96
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
initiative vs. guilt
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
trust vs. mistrust
industry vs. inferiority
97
In the Asch line expierment many people conformed because they wanted to fit in with the group
Normative Social Influence
Chameleon Effect
Obedience
Informational Social Influence
98
Social exchange theory ____________.
Emphasizes the benefits of relationships.
States that we weigh the costs and rewards in relationships.
Replaces oral communciatino with texting.
Focuses on the trading of old friends for new one.
99
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
avoidance
neurogenic amnesia
suppression
repression
100
Bipolar disorder:
all of the above
is a type of anxiety disorder
is characterized by a persistent manic state
is treated with mood stabilizers like lithium and topiramate

2023 AP Psych Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud