stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
All Domains-Sample Questions Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
All Domains-Sample Questions
All Domains-Sample Questions
77 terms
·
StudBud Administration
Exam Preparation Retired questions https://www.nbphe.org/certified-in-public-health/study-resources/
Flashcards
77 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
77
Answers
1
Which of the following is a method used to apply quantitative analysis to qualitative data?
Content analysis
Relational inference
Conditional probability
Systematic review
2
What test would be used to assess whether sex is associated with the incidence of diabetes?
Correlation analysis
Two independent samples t test
Analysis of variance
Chi-square test of independence
3
What does public health law fundamentally attempt to balance the greater good of the community with?
The cost of implementation of the law
The ease of enforcement
The acceptability of interventions
The autonomy of the individual
4
In a randomized trial, infants are assigned to receive 1 of 2 types of formulas. Which scale will measure formula-type?
Ratio
Ordinal
Interval
Nominal
5
What aspect of screening is being assessed if the results are accurate when completing an at-home COVID test?
Positive predictive value
Specificity
Odds ratio
Sensitivity
6
What type of rate evaluation uses performance metrics for monitoring programs and services?
Mortality rate
Prevalence rate
Incidence rate
Utilization rate
7
Which of the following would be considered a primary data source for a study of substance abuse in college students?
Electronic health records
School substance use survey
Surveillance system data
In-person interview
8
What's the term for the proportion of people with a disease who are correctly identified by a screening test?
Negative predictive value
Sensitivity
Specificity
Positive predictive value
9
What assumptions have been made in a confidence interval for a population mean based on a sample size of 9?
The p-value is not significant
No assumptions have been made
The population standard deviation is known
The sampled population is approximately normal
10
Which study design would best investigate the risk factors for a rare form of bone cancer in children?
Case-control
Cohort
Case crossover
Cross-sectional
11
Which of the following is a source of existing secondary data?
Government publication
Survey
Email
Personal interview
12
Which statistical method would be used to determine whether the means of 4 groups differ after a continuous variable?
Analysis of variance
Logistic regression
Chi-square test of association
Cox regression
13
Which of the following evaluates symmetry in a distribution?
Range
Confidence interval
Kurtosis
Skew
14
Cohort study is to relative risk, as:
Case-control study is to odds ratio
Ecologic study is to rate ratio
Case series is to hazard ratio
Cross-sectional study is to correlation
15
What is the primary benefit to conducting a partnership evaluation?
Increased efficiency of program implementation
Increased support for the partnership within the community
Increased resources for conducting stakeholder analysis
Increased percentage of funds allocated to the program
16
How can social justice principles guide the allocation of resources in public health initiatives?
By excluding community engagement as part of the decision process
By favoring transparency and accountability in making decisions
By prioritizing individual responsibility over systemic change
By ensuring resources are distributed based on need
17
When designing a study, what type of error can be reduced by increasing the sample size?
Selection bias
Type 1 error
Type 2 error
Observation bias
18
How can communication play a role in an immunization project's performance?
By ensuring the vaccine is available at all of the clinics
By evaluating the public health project from start to finish
By providing transportation for families to reach the appropriate clinics
By increasing positive attitudes toward immunization
19
What type of item would be included in a budget justification sheet?
Project objectives and goals
Background literature on the project
Incentivization
Worksite health plan
20
When calculating measures for invasive breast cancer, which would use newly diagnosed data as the numerator?
Incidence rates
Case fatality ratios
Cause-specific death rates
Prevalence rate
21
Which of the following planning models best align conducting needs assessments with policy change?
SWOT Analysis
PATCH
MAP-IT
PRECEDE/PROCEED
22
A survey was conducted focusing on Black males. How would you categorize the data collected for this sample?
Nominal data
Continuous data
Dichotomous data
Ordinal data
23
Which type of analysis provides the
weakest
identification of social and economic impact from a political perspective?
Cost-effective analysis
Cost-minimization analysis
Cost-utility analysis
Cost-benefit analysis
24
What is a significant benefit of using electronic health records (EHRs) in public health surveillance?
It eliminates the need for data privacy and security measures
It focuses on infectious diseases syndromic surveillance
It increases the amount of data entry required by public health workers
It provides real-time data to be used immediately in health interventions
25
What is the term for the probability of an event occurring assuming that another event has occurred?
Joint probability
Marginal probability
Simple probability
Conditional probability
26
What can be expected about the mean age at death in large samples taken from an older-aged population?
Right-skewed distribution
Platykurtotic distribution
Left-skewed distribution
Normal distribution
27
What is the goal of an ANOVA statistical analysis?
Determine if the means of two or more groups are different
Determine if the means of more than two groups are different
Determine if the mean of a group is different from a specified value
Determine if the means of two related groups are different
28
Which of the following is an example of primary data?
Drowning incidence from state health department
Health literacy data from one's own survey
Poverty rates from U.S. Census Bureau
Cancer survival rates from journal article
29
Which measure would be used to determine the proportion of deaths caused by heart disease out of all deaths in a group?
Proportionate mortality ratio
Crude mortality rate
Case fatality ratio
Cause-specific mortality rate
30
What do social cognitive theory and the social ecological model have in common?
Come from the value expectancy paradigm; associates behaviors with outcomes
Both consider factors within and outside of the individual
Both were developed exclusively to explain unhealthy vs. healthy behaviors
Both focus mostly on policy level environmental determinants of behavior
31
An example of a partnership between government agencies with public health responsibilities:
A state regulatory agency conducts assessments with restaurants
A local department requests data from community stakeholders
A local department works with Mosquito Control to inform neighborhood risk
A nonprofit that conducts HIV testing in partnership with health department
32
Investing in training to ensure an organization can carry out its essential functions and mission is an example of:
Feasibility study
Capacity building
Continuous quality improvement
Efficiency study
33
The lengths of stay for 6 patients were 0,0,1,2,2 & 16 days. Which are the best measures to summarize these data?
Median and standard deviation
Mean and range
Median and range
Mean and standard deviation
34
In a nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test, the 1st step is combine data values in 2 samples & assign a rank of "1" to:
The smallest observation
The largest observation
The most frequently occurring observation
The middle observation
35
What action would be the most appropriate for working to establish cross-sector partnerships?
Gather relevant data
Assess your internal and external contacts
Identify funding and advocacy resources
Research your potential partner's interests and needs
36
What is the definition of a cost-effectiveness analysis? It measures outcomes...
...in similar units across programs
...by benchmarking outcomes with current national standard measures
...by quantifying tangible outcomes into a monetary number
...by utilizing a standardized morbidity or mortality measure
37
Which of the following types of leadership would be most helpful in an organization experiencing rapid change?
Servant
Contingency
Transactional
Theory X
38
Why are double-blinded (masked) studies used?
To reduce the effects of sampling variation
To avoid observer and interviewee bias
To achieve comparability of cases and controls
To increase the efficiency of the study design
39
Which of the following is a concern for a mailed health survey's validity and reliability?
Hawthorne effect
Confirmation bias
Halo effect
Non-response bias
40
What is most important to consider in developing an intervention message for a minoritized group?
The opinion of experts
The channels of distribution for the message
The characteristics of the target population
The funding priorities for the agency
41
In cohort studies, which is correct about the role of a suspected risk factor in the etiology of a disease?
The incidence of the disease is low
Exposed and non-exposed should have similar possible confounders
At the beginning, those with and without the disease have equal risks
There are equal numbers of people in both study groups
42
What probability is defined as a Type I error?
Failing to reject alternative hypothesis when alternative hypothesis false
Rejecting alternative hypothesis when alternative hypothesis is true
Failing to reject null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is false
Rejecting null hypothesis when null hypothesis is true
43
What is a needs assessment?
It introduces resources to fill community gaps
It ensures a competent public and personal health care workforce
It provides health resources for medically underserved populations
It identifies and prioritizes health problems
44
Which is a modeling and simulation tool used to investigate stocks, flows, & feedback loops of complex problems?
System dynamics
Operations research
Interactive planning
Organizational cybernetics
45
Which style of leadership is best exemplified by leading by example?
Participative
Strategic
Visionary
Delegative
46
The construct of normative beliefs is from which model/theory?
Social ecological model
Transtheoretical model
Theory of planned behavior
Social cognitive theory
47
What should be avoided in informed consent?
Contact information
Risks and benefits
Purpose
Technical jargon
48
Which of the following is an example of descriptive statistics?
Frequency
Chi square test for association
One-way ANOVA
Logistic regression
49
In which circumstance would it be best to use a case-control design to study a disease?
When disease prevalence is high
When disease prevalence is low
In diseases with low case fatality
In diseases with high mortality
50
In simple linear regression, what is a method of determining the slope and intercept of the best-fitting line?
Least squares
Minimum error
R-square
Likelihood error
51
Which provides the most useful indication of the magnitude of exposure to a factor & subsequent development of disease?
Prevalence rate
Relative risk ratio
Absolute risk difference
Likelihood ratio
52
Which of the following odds ratios most likely indicates a computational error?
-0.9
20.9
1.2
7.8
53
Which survey item best assesses an individual's socioeconomic status in terms of increasing validity and response rate?
Eligibility for public assistance
Income in the past month
Perception of economic insecurity
Highest level of education attained
54
What is a limitation associated with syndromic surveillance system data?
Lack of outcome data
Personally identifiable information
Recall bias
Hawthorne effect
55
The t-distribution approaches which distribution as its degrees of freedom increase?
Normal distribution
Chi-square distribution
Exponential distribution
Binomial distribution
56
Which of the following is true about all-cause age-adjusted mortality rates by sex in the United States?
Males have the same rate as females only in the first years of life
Males have higher rates than females
Males have the same rate as females
Males have lower rates than females
57
What is the three step approach to public health decision making?
Validate the issue, make decision, and obtain consent
Assess the situation, justification for situation, & formulate action plans
Conduct needs assessment, prioritize issues, and complete action plans
Analyze the issue, formulate action, and justification for decision
58
What is secondary disease prevention?
Decreasing exposure to disease
Control of symptoms
Control of chronic disease
Early detection and treatment of disease
59
How is the prevalence of disease impacted by the development of a new virus strain that is more likely to cause death?
Prevalence increases
Prevalence does not change
Prevalence decreases
Prevalence is equivalent to mortality rate
60
A regular report of the # of patients with laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of flu is which kind of surveillance?
Active and sentinel
Passive and sentinel
Passive and syndromic
Active and syndromic
61
What framework describes 5 conditions for successful cross-sector collaboration to achieve large-scale social change?
Collective Impact
Transformational partnership
PROCEED
Planned Approach to Community Health (PATCH)
62
What must be true about performance indicators to effectively evaluate organizational performance?
Ensure all organizational staff approve
Benchmark against previously agreed upon standards
Report publicly to all stakeholders
State clearly in the organizational mission statement
63
Which format would best display the distribution of blood pressure readings among diabetes patients?
Pie chart
Histogram
Box and whisker plot
Bar graph
64
What role does community engagement play in analyzing the availability of services across diverse populations?
It ensures standardized data collection
It clearly defines roles and objectives of the project
It helps gather local perspectives and identify gaps in service
It encourages timely assessment processes
65
What does a budget statement for a public health program provide?
Itemized details of revenue and expenses
Details about grant funding
Itemized details of cashflow and fees
Totals for federal and state taxes
66
Which of the following is described by the linear relationship between two continuous variables?
Relative risk
Odds ratio
Correlation coefficient
F-test
67
Why would a local housing community be resistant to discussing issues around a planned nutrition program?
Poor question design
Lack of trust of outsiders and historical trauma
Complete trust in the researchers
Researchers have already conducted surveys with community members
68
What is public health ethics?
Philosophy related to human conduct; goodness & badness of motives
Values that guide actions to promote health and prevent injury and disease
Conduction principles to govern an individual
Motivations based on ideas of right and wrong
69
For those who stop abusing alcohol, it's best to avoid triggers. The transtheoretical model calls this process of change
Stimulus control
Stages of change
Decisional balance
Consciousness-raising
70
What statistical distribution is usually used to compare means from 3 normally distributed independent populations?
Three t-distributions comparing each group with the other two groups
A chi-square distribution provided all samples are the same size
An F-distribution provided all samples are the same size
An F-distribution provided all populations have the same variance
71
What epidemiological measure is most affected by a successful treatment program that shortens the duration of a disease?
Relative risk
Prevalence
Odds ratio
Incidence
72
Which method would be used for anonymously reviewing the feedback and experience of program attendees?
An electronic poll during the program
Focus groups
Paper questionnaire
Interviews
73
A nominal variable can be coded using dummy variables to analyze its association with a continuous outcome variable via:
regression analysis
a two sample t-test
a chi-square test of association
one way ANOVA
74
What is true about policy analysis when designing public health programs?
A subjective political task accomplished by legislative debate & trade-offs
Impossible to define as different policy areas need different approaches
Involves a straightforward statistical analysis of health polling data
It is complex, involving data collection, and clarification of objectives
75
Exam scores were nominally distributed with a mean of 100 & standard deviation of 20. What % scored between 80-120?
0.5
0.68
0.93
0.77
76
What group should be first consulted at the start of a joint nutrition program with a local minority community?
Community members or champions
Health and Human Service providers
Local businesses
Community Activists
77
A recent campaign increased testing in Group A but not Group B. What can you do to increase the impact on Group B?
Present additional statistics to highlight the magnitude of the problem
Request a larger budget to print brochures and post more posters
Conduct focus groups to learn more about the groups' beliefs and values
Hire a consultant to determine if the literacy level is appropriate
