How were both Asian and African decolonization movements MOST similar to each other?

They all sought political independence from the Global North

Which of the following was the most direct consequence of the availability of birth control during the 20 century?

An increased participation of women in the workforce

How did the Green Revolution change most people’s attitude about poverty, at least in regard to hunger?

It was increasingly seen as a problem that could be solved by science

The term "total war" refers to

When a country's military, civilian & economic resources are devoted to war

Decolonization in Vietnam & Algeria was similar because

there was an armed struggle for independence in both

What was the leading cause of the unprecedented increase in global population in the twentieth century?

The impact of vaccines, antibiotics, and public health measures

Which best explains why some people criticized the Green Revolution?

it relied on chemical pesticides & fertilizers which harm the environment

Which of the following statements about Africa in the years after WWII is true?

Most African colonies gained national independence.

The global temperature trend after 1800 was most directly influenced by which of the following?

Industrialization and pollution

British based Unilever, which makes products like Dove & Dawn & is available in over 190 countries, reflects what trend?

the spread of practices associated with free-market economics

More effective methods of contraception contributed to which of the following?

Greater control by women over their own fertility

The rise to economic prominence of many East Asian nations in the 1980s and 1990s was mostly due to

the emphasis on producing high-value consumer goods for export

Which of the following is the basis for nearly all the boundaries of today’s sub-Saharan African states?

Decisions by European powers during colonization in the late 19th c.

Why is more manufacturing done in Asia?

Many companies can make products at lower costs by manufacturing in Asia

In the years following WW2, the "Global South" engaged in a process of decolonization which

created newly independent nations.

According to many critics, how has globalization negatively affected the global economy?

Many believe that globalization increases global inequality.

The Cold War can primarily be characterized as a competition over

Ideology and geopolitical influence

Independence in India and the Middle East are similar in that

partition plans drew boundaries, causing unresolved conflict and violence

What effect does the emittance of more CO2 into the atmosphere have on oceans?

It causes water levels to rise, endangering shores and islands

Historians argue that the 20th century marks a significant break in world history for all of the following EXCEPT

Wage laborers began migrating from Europe to work in factories in America

Which of the following is the best explanation for why leaders of newly independent states nationalized industries?

it allowed them to take back control of valuable resources

In order to achieve victory in China and Vietnam, Asian communists like Mao Zedong & Ho Chi Minh

Adapted Marxist theories to reflect the major concerns of the peasants.

There are over 6,000 KFCs in China. This trend best reflects

The increasing globalization of consumer culture

Which of the following was the most immediate cause of global economic integration in the late 20th to 21st century?

Decreases in the cost of long-distance communication and transportation

Which of the following serves as the best example of governments encouraging free-market economic policies?

The privatization of previously state owned enterprises in China

Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam was written in 1945 because

The French & world powers failed to implement their own ideals about rights

Which of the following developments occurred during the interwar period (1920s & 30s)?

the Great Depression, the expanding use of cars, film, and airplanes, the rise of fascism

20th century revolutions were different from revolutions in previous centuries in this way:

They arose outside of the West and among the lower classes

The art created during the Mexican Revolution was different from earlier styles because it:

Recognized Mexico's indigenous history and culture

The US policy of containment was primarily designed to

prevent the spread of Chinese or Soviet influence

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the end of the Cold War?

the success of socialist economic controls and reforms

The rise of groups like the Shining Path in Peru, the IRA in Ireland and Al-Qaeda represent

responses to established power that intensified conflict through terrorism

Was NOT a tactic used by the superpowers during the Cold War to influence Third World nations?

Threatened them with nuclear attack

Which agreement was made to recognize “the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family”

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

The relocation of Hindus & Sikhs from Pakistan to India & Muslims from India to Pakistan between 1945 and 1955 reflects

Population resettlement caused by redrawing former colonial borders

The partition of India occurred primarily because

The Muslim League wanted a separate state

a competition between the US & USSR to develop their nuclear arsenals

Gandhi in India and Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana were most similar because

they promoted a united nationalism based over religious or ehtnic ties

Why was 1960 called “the year of Africa”?

17 African countries gained independence in a single year.

The women’s rights movement helped women worldwide gain the right to vote, but what other factor was most important?

The two World Wars and decolonization

In 1955 the Soviets responded to the creation of NATO by

Strengthening control over the Eastern Bloc & forming the Warsaw Pact

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AP World Review: Period 4 (1900-present)

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Questions 71

Answers

1
How were both Asian and African decolonization movements MOST similar to each other?
They all used violent armed struggle to gain independence.
The all used Marxist ideologies to achieve their goals.
They all sought political independence from the Global North
They all relied on religious figures to lead the movements.
2
Which of the following was the most direct consequence of the availability of birth control during the 20 century?
An increased percentage of men occupying political office
An increased percentage of men primarily responsible for household work
An increased infant mortality rate
An increased participation of women in the workforce
3
How did the Green Revolution change most people’s attitude about poverty, at least in regard to hunger?
people became even more fearful of potential famines if technology failed
many blamed impoverished countries for the boom in less desirable foods
It was increasingly seen as a problem that could be solved by science
the social injustices of poverty were largely ignored until the Green Rev
4
The term "total war" refers to
A war that involves countries fighting on multiple continents
When a country's military, civilian & economic resources are devoted to war
A war with mass casualties and atrocities
A war that lasts longer than 5 years
5
Decolonization in Vietnam & Algeria was similar because
both were able to negotiate their independence
there was an armed struggle for independence in both
both were proxy wars of the larger Cold War
both smoothly transitioned into democracies
6
What was the leading cause of the unprecedented increase in global population in the twentieth century?
The end of international epidemics
The reduction of world hunger
The impact of vaccines, antibiotics, and public health measures
Global warming and other types of climate change
7
Which best explains why some people criticized the Green Revolution?
it reduced the use of fertilizers, putting companies out of business
it created an oversupply of food
it reduced the need for irrigation
it relied on chemical pesticides & fertilizers which harm the environment
8
Which of the following statements about Africa in the years after WWII is true?
Most African colonies gained national independence.
Most African countries joined either NATO or the Warsaw Pact.
Colonial influence and patterns of trade disappeared
There was little postcolonial conflict in newly independent states.
9
In many newly independent states, governments took strong roles in the economy by
redistributing land
nationalizing industries
all of the above
implementing socialist or communist policies
10
The global temperature trend after 1800 was most directly influenced by which of the following?
An increase in global conflicts
Industrialization and pollution
Nuclear power and nuclear weapons
Colonialism and the exploitation of labor
11
British based Unilever, which makes products like Dove & Dawn & is available in over 190 countries, reflects what trend?
resistance to globalization in the Global South
the failure of neocolonialism
the spread of practices associated with free-market economics
the success of protectionist trade practices such like tariffs
12
More effective methods of contraception contributed to which of the following?
A rise in the birth rate among affluent women
A loss of power by women within the patriarchal family
Greater control by women over their own fertility
National suffrage movements that secure the right to vote
13
The rise to economic prominence of many East Asian nations in the 1980s and 1990s was mostly due to
huge imports of oil, cars, and electronics from the United States
the decline of the European Economic Community
the dominance of China’s Four Modernizations policy
the emphasis on producing high-value consumer goods for export
14
Which of the following is the basis for nearly all the boundaries of today’s sub-Saharan African states?
Postcolonial conquests of one African state by another
Precolonial linguistic and ethnic groupings
Decisions by European powers during colonization in the late 19th c.
International agreements mediated by the United Nations
15
Why is more manufacturing done in Asia?
it is one of the only places without a labor shortage
Many companies can make products at lower costs by manufacturing in Asia
they have preferred naton status in the WTO
protectionist tariffs make imported goods too expensive
16
What major technological advancement in the late 20th century led to a leap in collective learning
social media
the Internet
the personal computer
the radio
17
The main centers of manufacturing used to be in Britain and the Atlantic. Where is most manufacturing centered today?
Asia & Latin America
Eastern Europe
Africa
Oceania
18
In the years following WW2, the "Global South" engaged in a process of decolonization which
rejected nationalist ideologies.
created newly independent nations.
strengthened the power of Europe.
abandoned indigenous customs in favor of U.S. culture.
19
World War I contributed to the collapse of all of the following empires in the early 20th c. EXCEPT:
Russian Empire
Ottoman Empire
Austro-Hungarian Empire
Qing Empire
20
According to many critics, how has globalization negatively affected the global economy?
Many believe that globalization decreases global economic output.
Many believe that globalization increases global inequality.
Many believe that globalization increases global poverty.
Many believe that globalization decreases global health.
21
The Cold War can primarily be characterized as a competition over
Control of key trade routes
Ideology and geopolitical influence
Religion & culture
The distribution of natural resources
22
Independence in India and the Middle East are similar in that
conflict was confined to the territory that gained independence
both required armed resistance to gain independence
partition plans drew boundaries, causing unresolved conflict and violence
minority groups gained separate states
23
What effect does the emittance of more CO2 into the atmosphere have on oceans?
It clogs the engines on cruise ships and freight vessels
It reduces the acidity of water, harming ecosystems
It causes water temperatures to fluctuate year round
It causes water levels to rise, endangering shores and islands
24
Which best describes the main goal of the World Trade Organization when it was founded in 1995
To industrialize developing nations
to establish global tariffs
to promote free trade
to protect the environment
25
Historians argue that the 20th century marks a significant break in world history for all of the following EXCEPT
The population of the world jumped from 1.6 billion to 6.1 billion people
Fossil fuel use changed the relationship of humans to the environment
Wage laborers began migrating from Europe to work in factories in America
Communism became a major global force, starting in Russia and China
26
Which of the following is the best explanation for why leaders of newly independent states nationalized industries?
they wished to sell them to high paying investors
they were committed to socialist and communist principles
it allowed them to take back control of valuable resources
they wanted to mirror the success of the Soviet Union
27
All of the following technologies are associated with World War I EXCEPT:
Machine guns
Submarines
Atomic bombs
Poison gas
28
In order to achieve victory in China and Vietnam, Asian communists like Mao Zedong & Ho Chi Minh
Relied on the leadership of educated urban elites and factory workers.
Gained the support of fascists during WII
Adapted Marxist theories to reflect the major concerns of the peasants.
Retained key elements of Confucianism while deposing the traditional elites
29
All of the following were NEW countries established as a result of World War I EXCEPT
Yugoslavia
Turkey
Ethiopia
The Soviet Union
30
There are over 6,000 KFCs in China. This trend best reflects
The great wealth of China’s new urban middle classes
The strength of China’s currency, the yuan
The increasing globalization of consumer culture
The growing resistance against industrial agriculture
31
Which of the following was the most immediate cause of global economic integration in the late 20th to 21st century?
Increased dependence on cheap oil from the middle east
Population growth in the developing world
Decreases in the cost of long-distance communication and transportation
Regulation of air and water pollution in the developed world
32
Which of the following serves as the best example of governments encouraging free-market economic policies?
The expansion of the federal Medicare and Medicaid programs in the US
The privatization of previously state owned enterprises in China
The nationalization of the Iranian Oil Company
The expansion of labor unions in Brazil
33
Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam was written in 1945 because
The French & world powers failed to implement their own ideals about rights
China invaded Indochina during WWII
the French used Vietnamese laborers and soldiers in WWI
the Indochina Wars ended
34
Which of the following developments occurred during the interwar period (1920s & 30s)?
the Great Depression
the expanding use of cars, film, and airplanes
the rise of fascism
the Cold War
35
20th century revolutions were different from revolutions in previous centuries in this way:
They failed to achieve success
They arose outside of the West and among the lower classes
They rejected the idea of equality
They were led by European elites
36
The art created during the Mexican Revolution was different from earlier styles because it:
Recognized Mexico's indigenous history and culture
Borrowed heavily from European styles
Focused on religous themes
Was abstract and surreal
37
After independence, South Africa still struggled for equality due to
the end of a European presence
apartheid
the rise of Nelson Mandela as president
communism
38
The US policy of containment was primarily designed to
promote investment in US companies based overseas
Form friendly relations with resource rich countries & economic partners
prevent the spread of Chinese or Soviet influence
avoid any conflict or war
39
Which of the following did NOT contribute to the end of the Cold War?
Soviet attempts to keep up with the arms race
nonviolent revolutions in Soviet satellite states
Gorbachev's policies of perestroika and glasnost
the success of socialist economic controls and reforms
40
The rise of groups like the Shining Path in Peru, the IRA in Ireland and Al-Qaeda represent
responses to the military industrial complex
responses to established power that intensified conflict through terrorism
responses to the signing of arms control agreements
the decline in the influence of paramilitary forces
41
Was NOT a tactic used by the superpowers during the Cold War to influence Third World nations?
Engaging in covert operations to promote friendly governments
Threatened them with nuclear attack
Providing economic & military aid
Sponsoring revolutions and counter-revolutions
42
Which agreement was made to recognize “the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family”
Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)
The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
The Statue of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
43
The relocation of Hindus & Sikhs from Pakistan to India & Muslims from India to Pakistan between 1945 and 1955 reflects
The migration of former colonial subjects to imperial metropoles
The seasonal migration patterns associated with temporary work
The development of ethnic enclaves associated with immigration
Population resettlement caused by redrawing former colonial borders
44
The Korean War and Vietnam War are examples of
a nuclear war
a proxy war
a genocide
a total war
45
The partition of India occurred primarily because
India and Pakistan wanted to become a single country
the Indian National Congress threatened to oppress Muslims
some Indians wanted to stay part of the British Empire
The Muslim League wanted a separate state
46
The "arms race" was
covert actions by the CIA and KGB to infiltrate one another's governments
a competition between the US & USSR to develop their nuclear arsenals
an economic competition to prove the supremacy of capitalism over communism
an attempt to funnel weapons to countries fighting for independence
47
Most African and Asian colonies became independent countries:
After World War I
After World War II
After the Enlightenment
After the end of the Cold War
48
Gandhi in India and Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana were most similar because
they promoted a united nationalism based over religious or ehtnic ties
they became the first presidents of their respective countries
they promoted industrial development to improve their economies
they promoted political reforms modeled after China
49
Why was 1960 called “the year of Africa”?
Most African sided with the Soviet Union in the Cold War
Many African countries declared war against their former colonizers.
Many European settlers moved to areas of Southern Africa in a single year.
17 African countries gained independence in a single year.
50
The women’s rights movement helped women worldwide gain the right to vote, but what other factor was most important?
The two World Wars and decolonization
The decline in birth rates
The rise of organized labor and socialist parties
Women’s life expectancies increased at a faster rate than that men
51
In 1955 the Soviets responded to the creation of NATO by
building the Berlin Wall
detonating their first atomic bomb
Strengthening its control over the states of Western Europe
Strengthening control over the Eastern Bloc & forming the Warsaw Pact
52
Globalization can threaten unions and workers’ rights because
Companies can distribute their products internationally
Companies can build store fronts abroad
Companies can move their factories to places without worker protections
Companies can communicate with unions and workers around the world
53
The leaders of Indonesia, Egypt, Ghana, and India helped form an alternative to the Cold War alliances by starting the
Non-Aligned Movement
Grassroots Movement
Eastern Bloc
Anti-Colonial Movement
54
Which of the following is NOT typically a reason why people protest free trade agreements like NAFTA and the WTO?
domestic industries can have more trouble staying competitive
they can lead to the outsourcing of jobs
they tend to lead to lower price goods
GDP typically increases
55
All of the following were causes of World War I EXCEPT:
Nationalist movements in the Balkans
The unification and rise of Germany
Imperialist competition between European countries
The rise of fascism
56
Which of the following was NOT a cause of the Mexican Revolution (1910)?
Liberals and intellectuals wanted a democratic constituional government
Wealthy creole landowners & U.S./European businsses dominated the economy
Peasants wanted land reform
Creoles wanted independence from Spain
57
NATO and the Marshall Plan were established to
counter the growing power of developing countries in the UN
counter free market advocates in the US and Britain
counter decolonization movements in Africa and Asia
counter the perceived threat of growing communist influence
58
Which event played a pivotal role in the rise of fascism?
The Chinese Revolution
The fall of the Berlin Wall
The Cold War
The Great Depression
59
Which of the following did NOT contribute to the start of the Cold War?
the US had secretly developed the atomic bomb
Mutual distrust and ideological differences
Conflict over the future of Germany & Eastern Europe after WWII
the US & Soviets were enemies since fighting against each other in WWII
60
Mohandas Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., and Nelson Mandela were similar because they
promoted nonviolence to bring about change
supported NATO
presided over the UN
led independence movements
61
Which of the following is a characteristic of the Green Revolution?
Prevention of oil exploration in the natural habitats of endangered species
Limits on the use of nuclear energy
Restoration of tropical forests destroyed by slash-and-burn agriculture
Use of new technologies to increase agricultural yields in the Global South
62
Which event in 1914 was the immediate spark of World War I?
Hitler invaded Poland
A Serbian nationalist assassinated Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Japan attacked Pearl Harbor
German submarines sank American ships
63
The policies pursued by Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan in the 1980s are examples of one of the following trends?
Economic isolationism
Expansion of the welfare economy
Regional economic integration through trade agreements
Economic liberalization
64
In addition to Cold War politics, what was another factor contributing to instability in newly independent states?
The decline of neocolonialist policies
Lack of exploitable natural resources or raw materials for export
Frequent attempts by the larger states to conquer their smaller neighbors
Ethnic, religious, or political conflicts between rival groups
65
What did the Treaty of Versailles do?
Establish the League of Nations
Recognize the Soviet government of Russia
Grant independence to Germany's colonies
Held Germany responsible for damages caused by World War I
66
All of the following technologies contributed to increased globalization in the 20th century EXCEPT:
Digital communications/the Internet
Airplane
Container shipping
Steam engine
67
One major reason the US increased its involvement in both Korea & Vietnam was because
they felt these regions needed to remain colonized
the "domino theory" guided their attempts to contain communism
they supported Ho Chi Minh's independence movement after WWI
they saw them as regions they could exploit for resources
68
Why did Britian, France and Israel attack Egypt in 1956?
because Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal
because Nasser threatened to expel all Jews from Egypt
because it established the Palestinian Liberation Organization
because they loaned money to Egypt to build the Aswan dam
69
Which of the following was a major effect of the most recent globalization of the world economy?
The growth of central economic planning in former communist countries
An overall narrowing of the income gap worldwide
A decrease in immigration for better economic opportunities
Economic growth for countries that increased participation in global trade
70
Anticolonial movements typically agreed on which of the following?
The need to align with a Cold War power
The need for reform in order to promote development
The need to avoid industrialization
The need to oppose the influence of socialism
71
The Non-Aligned Movement emerged because
many emerging countries disliked the key tenets of the UN
countries fighting for independence
countries sought economic support from the major powers
countries wished to avoid being forced to take sides in the Cold War

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