The main problem with scientific reporting is:

Misrepresentation of scientific findings

When evaluating scientific reports, we must look at all of the following except:

Does the outcome provide practical solutions

Carol Gilligan maintained which of the following?

Women in the postconventional stage adopt w Gilligan calls care perspective

Which of the following best describes a controlled experiment?

an experiment divided into 2 groups a control group and experimental group

The main problem with news reporting is:

Sensationalism/news as entertainment

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of advertising?

to inform customers of rival products

Which of the following is true of marketing research?

It can involve carefully monitoring what is actually being bought.

Which of the following is/are commonly used in advertisements?

All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following is true of sound arguments?

A sound argument always has a true conclusion

Which of the following is an example of a self-selected sample?

a sample in which only people interested in the poll agree to take part

Which of the following is a question you should ask yourself when evaluating a scientific report?

Where was the scientific study first published?

Which of the following is true of advertising?

Advertising often carries little or no information.

Which of the following best describes utilitarianism?

moral theory that claims u should do what will promote general happiness

Which of the following is true of a good hypothesis?

All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following best describes the assumption of modern science called objectivity?

The physical world can be studied without bias on the part of scientists.

Which of the following is/are commonly used in advertisements?

All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following best describes a causal argument?

an argument that concludes one thing is the cause of other things

Which of the following are the first two components of the SWOT model?

an internal assessment of the companies' strengths and weaknesses

Which of the following best describes a syllogism?

a deductive argument with two premises and a conclusion

Which of the following best describes pseudoscience?

attempts at explanation based on unverifiable claim & emotional appeals

Which of the following is an advantage of field experiments over experiments conducted in a laboratory?

Field experiments can better replicate natural conditions.

Which of the following is true of moral theories?

They help us to explain why some actions are right or wrong.

Which of the following is true of metaphors?

Metaphors are a type of analogy.

Which of the following best describes niche media?

media intended for audiences with special interests

Which of the following is true of correlations?

when 2 events occur together at rate higher than mere chance would predict

Which of the following best describes ethical subjectivism?

a moral theory that claims that moral truth is relative to the individual

Which of the following is an example of a self-selected sample?

a sample in which only people interested in the poll agree to take part

Which of the following best describes cultural relativism?

that claims that the culture determine what is right/wrong for that culture

Which of the following is true of deductive arguments?

conclusion of deductively valid argument necessarily follows from premises

Suppose the conclusion of a deductively valid argument were false. What can you conclude about the argument?

At least one of the premises is false.

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Critcal Thinking Final

50 termsStudBud Administration22 plays

Imported from external platform

Flashcards50 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 50

Answers

1
The main problem with scientific reporting is:
It is too complicated (for the average consumer)
Biased against 'new age' approaches
Misrepresentation of scientific findings
Much of it is not relevant to the consumer
2
Confirmation bias in marketing research can lead to which of the following outcomes?
commitment aversion
escalation of aversion
escalation of commitment
Godel's syndrome
3
When evaluating scientific reports, we must look at all of the following except:
If the report is biased
Who is making the claim (credentials)
Does the outcome provide practical solutions
Who is funding the source
4
Carol Gilligan maintained which of the following?
Men tend to focus on caring for others rather than on rules.
Men and women do not differ in how they develop morally.
Women in the postconventional stage adopt w Gilligan calls care perspective
Kohlberg"s theory of moral development was entirely correct.
5
A person in Kohlberg's conventional stage relies heavily on ___________ when making a moral judgment.
avoiding punishment
meeting one's own needs
universal moral principles, such as justice and equality
earning the approval of others
6
Which of the following best describes a controlled experiment?
None of these answers is correct.
an experiment divided into 2 groups a control group and experimental group
an experiment that studies the effects of leaders on others
an experiment in which someone is in charge
7
Which of the following is one of the basic steps of the scientific method?
Consult a religious text.
None of these answers is correct.
Ignore conflicting information.
Identify the problem
8
The main problem with news reporting is:
Widespread liberal bias
Widespread conservative bias
It follows each story too long
Sensationalism/news as entertainment
9
Which of the following is true of product placement?
None of these answers is correct.
It carefully details the merits of the advertised product.
It is a form of advertisement.
There is often disclosure that it is an instance of advertisement.
10
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of advertising?
to create demand for the product
to inform customers of rival products
to inform customers about a product or service
to create produce awareness
11
Which of the following is true of marketing research?
It is not helpful for increasing the attractiveness of product for consumer
None of these answers is correct.
It can involve carefully monitoring what is actually being bought.
It is purely a deductive enterprise.
12
Which of the following is/are commonly used in advertisements?
vague language
emotive words
All of these answers are correct.
euthemisms
13
Which of the following is true of sound arguments?
A sound argument is true
A sound argument is never deductively valid
A sound argument always has a true conclusion
A sound argument may have a false premise
14
How many hours per day does the average American spend in using media such as the Internet, television, and magazines?
nine
One
five
twelve
15
Which of the following is the ability to understand, critically analyze, and efffectively use the media?
media literacy
experience
media bias
plagiarism
16
Which of the following words or phrases tend to indicate that an argument is inductive?
proposition
therefore
most likely
necessarily
17
Studies suggest what percentage of college students have plagiarized?
10%
5%
40%
60%
18
Which of the following is an example of a self-selected sample?
a sample chosen at random
a sample chosen by one person who is also a member of the sample
a sample consisting of nothing but millionaires
a sample in which only people interested in the poll agree to take part
19
Which of the following is a moral value?
independence
popularity
compassion
wealth
20
Which of the following is a question you should ask yourself when evaluating a scientific report?
Do the scientific results conflict with my religious views?
Where was the scientific study first published?
Is the reporter a recognized expert in the field?
All these answers are correct.
21
Criteria for a well-designed experiment should be all of the following except:
Unbiased
Its results can be generalized
Based on appropriate measurement
Corresponds to common sense
22
Which of the following is the primary concern of logic?
truth
soundness
validity
All of these are equally of concern to logic.
23
Which of the following is true of advertising?
Advertising often carries little or no information.
All of these answers are correct.
Advertising is always presented as advertising.
Advertising is the least common form of media.
24
Which of the following best describes utilitarianism?
the moral theory that claims you should never violate the rights of others
the moral theory that claims you should do what is most useful for you
moral theory that claims u should do what will promote general happiness
None of these answers is correct.
25
Which of the following is a moral value?
popularity
independence
success
compassion
26
Which of the following is true of a good hypothesis?
All of these answers are correct.
It is simple.
It can be used to make predictions.
It is testable.
27
Which of the following is a proposed explanation for a particular set of phenomena?
an experiment
a hypothesis
an observation
All of these answers are correct.
28
Which of the following best describes the assumption of modern science called objectivity?
There are objects that must be studied.
None of these answers is correct.
The physical world can be studied without bias on the part of scientists.
The Earth is the center of the universe.
29
Which of the following is/are commonly used in advertisements?
euthemisms
vague language
emotive words
All of these answers are correct.
30
Science is based on all of the following assumptions except:
Empiricism
Objectivity
Finality
Predictability
31
Which of the following is a type of deductive argument?
an argument by elimination
polls
an argument by analogy
generalization
32
Which of the following best describes a causal argument?
an argument that uses the word "because"
an argument that concludes one thing is the cause of other things
an event that brings about a change or effect
that God must exist since universe would not exist without a first cause
33
Which of the following are the first two components of the SWOT model?
an internal assessment of the companies' strengths and weaknesses
an assessmeent of any future opportunities and threats to the company
None of these answers is correct.
assessment of potential methods of conducting market research
34
Which of the following best describes a syllogism?
an argument that offers support for its conclusion
all these answers are correct
an argument with two premises
a deductive argument with two premises and a conclusion
35
Which of the following best describes pseudoscience?
attempts at explanation based on unverifiable claim & emotional appeals
collecting data without using instruments such as telescopes and barometer
attempts at explanation based on observation and testing
None of these answers is correct.
36
Which of the following is a fallacy often used to great effect in advertising?
snob appeal
the "ad hominem" fallacy
affirming the consequent
snob appeal
37
Which of the following is an advantage of field experiments over experiments conducted in a laboratory?
Field experiments can better replicate natural conditions.
are typically easier to control than experiments in laboratory.
none of the above
all of the above
38
Which of the following is true of moral theories?
They have no effect on our actions.
They cannot help us to rank our moral concerns.
They all claim that morality is relative.
They help us to explain why some actions are right or wrong.
39
Which of the following is true of metaphors?
Metaphors are a type of analogy.
None of these answers is correct.
It is always clear when a claim is using a metaphor.
Metaphors are typically true
40
Which of the following is associated with morality throughout the world?
money
happiness
self-interest
41
Which of the following best describes niche media?
media intended for audiences in a particular line of employment
media intended for very small audiences
media intended for audiences with special interests
media intended for very large audiences
42
Which of the following is true of correlations?
when 2 events occur together at rate higher than mere chance would predict
all of these answers are correct
A correlation always indicates a causal relationship.
None of these answers are correct.
43
Generalizations and analogies are types of
inductive arguments
deductive arguments
disjunctive syllogisms
hypothetical syllogisms
44
Which of the following best describes ethical subjectivism?
a moral theory that claims that moral truth is relative to the individual
moral theory that claims that moral truth s relative to cultural background
theory that claims that pleasure& pain are the subject of all moral thought
a moral theory that claims that morality is universal
45
Which of the following is an example of a self-selected sample?
a sample chosen at random
a sample chosen by one person who is also a member of the sample
a sample in which only people interested in the poll agree to take part
a sample consisting of nothing but millionaires
46
Which of the following best describes cultural relativism?
theory that claims all cultures have a commonly held set of moral beliefs
that claims that the culture determine what is right/wrong for that culture
that claims that you should always show respect for other people
theory that claims that different cultures have different moral beliefs
47
Which of the following methods do scientists consider the only reliable one for obtaining knowledge?
keeping a dream journal
"modus ponens"
careful reflection
the empirical method
48
Which of the following is true of deductive arguments?
conclusion of deductively valid argument necessarily follows from premises
contain words and phrases such as probably and it is likely the case
The premises of a deductive argument are always true.
A deductive argument always establishes the truth of its conclusion.
49
Seventy-eight percent of Americans get their news from which of the following types of news source?
magazines
the internet
newspapers
television
50
Suppose the conclusion of a deductively valid argument were false. What can you conclude about the argument?
All of the premises are true
At least one of the premises is false.
All of the premises are false
The argument is not deductively valid at all.

Critcal Thinking Final Flashcards | StudBud

Critcal Thinking Final

50 termsStudBud Administration22 plays

Imported from external platform

Flashcards50 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 50

Answers

1
The main problem with scientific reporting is:
It is too complicated (for the average consumer)
Biased against 'new age' approaches
Misrepresentation of scientific findings
Much of it is not relevant to the consumer
2
Confirmation bias in marketing research can lead to which of the following outcomes?
commitment aversion
escalation of aversion
escalation of commitment
Godel's syndrome
3
When evaluating scientific reports, we must look at all of the following except:
If the report is biased
Who is making the claim (credentials)
Does the outcome provide practical solutions
Who is funding the source
4
Carol Gilligan maintained which of the following?
Men tend to focus on caring for others rather than on rules.
Men and women do not differ in how they develop morally.
Women in the postconventional stage adopt w Gilligan calls care perspective
Kohlberg"s theory of moral development was entirely correct.
5
A person in Kohlberg's conventional stage relies heavily on ___________ when making a moral judgment.
avoiding punishment
meeting one's own needs
universal moral principles, such as justice and equality
earning the approval of others
6
Which of the following best describes a controlled experiment?
None of these answers is correct.
an experiment divided into 2 groups a control group and experimental group
an experiment that studies the effects of leaders on others
an experiment in which someone is in charge
7
Which of the following is one of the basic steps of the scientific method?
Consult a religious text.
None of these answers is correct.
Ignore conflicting information.
Identify the problem
8
The main problem with news reporting is:
Widespread liberal bias
Widespread conservative bias
It follows each story too long
Sensationalism/news as entertainment
9
Which of the following is true of product placement?
None of these answers is correct.
It carefully details the merits of the advertised product.
It is a form of advertisement.
There is often disclosure that it is an instance of advertisement.
10
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of advertising?
to create demand for the product
to inform customers of rival products
to inform customers about a product or service
to create produce awareness
11
Which of the following is true of marketing research?
It is not helpful for increasing the attractiveness of product for consumer
None of these answers is correct.
It can involve carefully monitoring what is actually being bought.
It is purely a deductive enterprise.
12
Which of the following is/are commonly used in advertisements?
vague language
emotive words
All of these answers are correct.
euthemisms
13
Which of the following is true of sound arguments?
A sound argument is true
A sound argument is never deductively valid
A sound argument always has a true conclusion
A sound argument may have a false premise
14
How many hours per day does the average American spend in using media such as the Internet, television, and magazines?
nine
One
five
twelve
15
Which of the following is the ability to understand, critically analyze, and efffectively use the media?
media literacy
experience
media bias
plagiarism
16
Which of the following words or phrases tend to indicate that an argument is inductive?
proposition
therefore
most likely
necessarily
17
Studies suggest what percentage of college students have plagiarized?
10%
5%
40%
60%
18
Which of the following is an example of a self-selected sample?
a sample chosen at random
a sample chosen by one person who is also a member of the sample
a sample consisting of nothing but millionaires
a sample in which only people interested in the poll agree to take part
19
Which of the following is a moral value?
independence
popularity
compassion
wealth
20
Which of the following is a question you should ask yourself when evaluating a scientific report?
Do the scientific results conflict with my religious views?
Where was the scientific study first published?
Is the reporter a recognized expert in the field?
All these answers are correct.
21
Criteria for a well-designed experiment should be all of the following except:
Unbiased
Its results can be generalized
Based on appropriate measurement
Corresponds to common sense
22
Which of the following is the primary concern of logic?
truth
soundness
validity
All of these are equally of concern to logic.
23
Which of the following is true of advertising?
Advertising often carries little or no information.
All of these answers are correct.
Advertising is always presented as advertising.
Advertising is the least common form of media.
24
Which of the following best describes utilitarianism?
the moral theory that claims you should never violate the rights of others
the moral theory that claims you should do what is most useful for you
moral theory that claims u should do what will promote general happiness
None of these answers is correct.
25
Which of the following is a moral value?
popularity
independence
success
compassion
26
Which of the following is true of a good hypothesis?
All of these answers are correct.
It is simple.
It can be used to make predictions.
It is testable.
27
Which of the following is a proposed explanation for a particular set of phenomena?
an experiment
a hypothesis
an observation
All of these answers are correct.
28
Which of the following best describes the assumption of modern science called objectivity?
There are objects that must be studied.
None of these answers is correct.
The physical world can be studied without bias on the part of scientists.
The Earth is the center of the universe.
29
Which of the following is/are commonly used in advertisements?
euthemisms
vague language
emotive words
All of these answers are correct.
30
Science is based on all of the following assumptions except:
Empiricism
Objectivity
Finality
Predictability
31
Which of the following is a type of deductive argument?
an argument by elimination
polls
an argument by analogy
generalization
32
Which of the following best describes a causal argument?
an argument that uses the word "because"
an argument that concludes one thing is the cause of other things
an event that brings about a change or effect
that God must exist since universe would not exist without a first cause
33
Which of the following are the first two components of the SWOT model?
an internal assessment of the companies' strengths and weaknesses
an assessmeent of any future opportunities and threats to the company
None of these answers is correct.
assessment of potential methods of conducting market research
34
Which of the following best describes a syllogism?
an argument that offers support for its conclusion
all these answers are correct
an argument with two premises
a deductive argument with two premises and a conclusion
35
Which of the following best describes pseudoscience?
attempts at explanation based on unverifiable claim & emotional appeals
collecting data without using instruments such as telescopes and barometer
attempts at explanation based on observation and testing
None of these answers is correct.
36
Which of the following is a fallacy often used to great effect in advertising?
snob appeal
the "ad hominem" fallacy
affirming the consequent
snob appeal
37
Which of the following is an advantage of field experiments over experiments conducted in a laboratory?
Field experiments can better replicate natural conditions.
are typically easier to control than experiments in laboratory.
none of the above
all of the above
38
Which of the following is true of moral theories?
They have no effect on our actions.
They cannot help us to rank our moral concerns.
They all claim that morality is relative.
They help us to explain why some actions are right or wrong.
39
Which of the following is true of metaphors?
Metaphors are a type of analogy.
None of these answers is correct.
It is always clear when a claim is using a metaphor.
Metaphors are typically true
40
Which of the following is associated with morality throughout the world?
money
happiness
self-interest
41
Which of the following best describes niche media?
media intended for audiences in a particular line of employment
media intended for very small audiences
media intended for audiences with special interests
media intended for very large audiences
42
Which of the following is true of correlations?
when 2 events occur together at rate higher than mere chance would predict
all of these answers are correct
A correlation always indicates a causal relationship.
None of these answers are correct.
43
Generalizations and analogies are types of
inductive arguments
deductive arguments
disjunctive syllogisms
hypothetical syllogisms
44
Which of the following best describes ethical subjectivism?
a moral theory that claims that moral truth is relative to the individual
moral theory that claims that moral truth s relative to cultural background
theory that claims that pleasure& pain are the subject of all moral thought
a moral theory that claims that morality is universal
45
Which of the following is an example of a self-selected sample?
a sample chosen at random
a sample chosen by one person who is also a member of the sample
a sample in which only people interested in the poll agree to take part
a sample consisting of nothing but millionaires
46
Which of the following best describes cultural relativism?
theory that claims all cultures have a commonly held set of moral beliefs
that claims that the culture determine what is right/wrong for that culture
that claims that you should always show respect for other people
theory that claims that different cultures have different moral beliefs
47
Which of the following methods do scientists consider the only reliable one for obtaining knowledge?
keeping a dream journal
"modus ponens"
careful reflection
the empirical method
48
Which of the following is true of deductive arguments?
conclusion of deductively valid argument necessarily follows from premises
contain words and phrases such as probably and it is likely the case
The premises of a deductive argument are always true.
A deductive argument always establishes the truth of its conclusion.
49
Seventy-eight percent of Americans get their news from which of the following types of news source?
magazines
the internet
newspapers
television
50
Suppose the conclusion of a deductively valid argument were false. What can you conclude about the argument?
All of the premises are true
At least one of the premises is false.
All of the premises are false
The argument is not deductively valid at all.