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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
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1
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pituitary gland
sebaceous gland
pancreas
thyroid gland
2
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
fast-mapping
overextension
metalinguistic awareness
semantic slanting
3
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
platonic
mnemonic
phonemic
morphemic
4
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
William James
G. Stanley Hall
Rene Decartes
Wilhelm Wundt
5
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
schizophrenic
anxiety
mood
personality
6
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
were put into a simulated prison
7
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
abstract operations
physical interaction
logical reasoning
systematic hypothesis testing
8
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
happiness
fear
surprise
sadness
9
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
defense mechanisms
id mechanisms
offense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
10
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
lens
vitreous humor
iris
cornea
11
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
standardized validity
content validity
criterion-related validity
predictive validity
12
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
reasoning
insight
intelligence
creativity
13
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
halo effect in aggression
basis for performing pro-social behavior
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
14
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 4
stage 1
REM
stage 2
15
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
non-declarative memories
episodic memories
sensory memories
flashbulb memories
16
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
observational learning
reinforcement
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
17
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
lateral processing
top-down processing
bottom-to-top processing
bottom-up processing
18
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
moving a part of his body
hearing a sound
seeing a flash of light
smelling an odor
19
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
perception
consciousness
sensation
hypnosis
20
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
criterion-related
content
absolute
construct
21
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
behavioral quality
attachment
personality
temperament
22
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
narcolepsy
insomnia
sleep apnea
pseudoinsomnia
23
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
cognitive dissonance
groupthink
obedience
conformity
24
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
saturation
light purity
brightness
color
25
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
cross-sectional
sequential
time of testing
longitundinal
26
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological stability
psychological instability
physiological instability
psychological stability
27
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use a holistic decision model
are using the availability heuristic
are using the representativeness heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
28
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
classical conditioning
latent learning
operant conditioning
insight learning
29
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
changes in testing procedures
a variety of environmental factors
genetic influences on IQ
group differences in basic intelligence
30
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
maladaptive behaviors
the conscious
the unconscious
irrational thoughts
31
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
unipolar
cyclical
dissociative
bipolar
32
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
strange situation
attachment probing
secure-avoidant
shared inhibition
33
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
display rules
the reciprocity norm
the principle of collectivism
the law of cognitive dissonance
34
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the conjunction fallacy
the confirmation bias
the gambler's fallacy
overestimating the improbable
35
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a clinical psychologist
a developmental psychologist
a forensic psychologist
a social psychologist
36
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
observational learning
classical conditioning
state-dependent learning
operant conditioning
37
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous sleep
become fearful/cautious
become aggressive
remain in continuous wakefulness
38
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
corpus callosum
hypothalamus
medulla
cerebral cortex
39
Anhedonia is when a person...
has two different psychological disorders
experiences mild manic states
has trouble getting along with people
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
40
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
attitude is to action
thought is to perception
feeling is to thinking
behavior is to motive
41
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the brain
the unconscious
behavior
conscious experience
42
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
marijuana
heroin
mescaline
cocaine
43
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a percentile score
IQ
a potential score
mental age
44
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
total loss of personal control
resistance to pain
reduction of inhibitions
hallucinations
45
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
psychological tests
direct observation
physiological recordings
questionnaires
46
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
behavioral
psychoanalytic
humanistic
cognitive
47
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a situational attribution
an internal attribution
an external attribution
a distinctive attribution
48
An antagonist...
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
49
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete retrieval failure
partial storage
complete storage failure
partial retrieval
50
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
cultural direction
schematizing
cognitive structuring
stereotypes
51
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
functionalism
attributionism
collectivism
individualism
52
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
anal
genital
oral
latency
53
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
olfactory cilia
gustatory bulbs
smell buds
sciatic receptors
54
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
anterograde amnesia
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
55
What is somnambulism?
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-talking
sleep-walking
difficulty breathing when asleep
56
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
corpus callosum
parietal lobe
thalamus
pineal gland
57
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in neuroticism
low in extraversion
low in openness
high in agreeableness
58
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
poor police protection
the personal qualities of the residents
crowded living conditions
job discrimination experienced by the residents
59
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
temporal lobe
stirrup
cochlea
oval window
60
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
not been dreaming
not really been asleep
been dreaming
a headache
61
What is cognitive dissonance?
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
62
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
conditioned forgetting
unconditioning
extinction
spontaneous remission
63
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time alseep
cultural practices
exposure to light
amount of time awake
64
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
unrealistic demands from family/friends
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
65
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
accuracy of inference
consistency
predictability
representativeness
66
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
excessive guilt
aggressiveness
social charm
manipulative behavior
67
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a delusion
a compulsion
an obsession
a phobia
68
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
boat-goat
fill-feed
tree-bird
car-nose
69
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
procedural
fluid
crystallized
episodic
70
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the observational group
the experimental group
the control group
the correlational group
71
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
efferent nerves
autonomic nerves
sympathetic nerves
afferent nerves
72
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
perception
sensation
processing
attention
73
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
fugue
conversion disorder
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
74
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction incapacity
the absolute refractory period
the relative threshold period
transduction capacity
75
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
lesioning
stereotaxic inversion
ESB
tumor ligation
76
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
observational learning
classical conditioning
superstitious behavior
positive reinforcement
77
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
formal operations
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
development of secondary sex characteristics
post-conventional moral reasoning
78
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
similiarity
constancy
closure
symmetry
79
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
80
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
acetylcholine
serotonin
endorphin
dopamine
81
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a self-serving attribution
a contravened stereotype
a heuristic observation
demonstrates an illusory correlation
82
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
intermediate-term
long-term
short-term
sensory
83
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
an amphetamine
a narcotic
a hallucinogen
a sedative
84
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
positive reinforcement
escape learning
an unconditioned response
avoidance learning
85
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
cortex
location of injury
spinal cord
thalamus
86
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
neurotransmitters
agonists
action potentials
antagonists
87
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a self-report inventory
a deceptive test
a projective test
a behavior rating
88
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
regression
compensation
displacement
fixation
89
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
pituitary
gonads
thalamus
thyroid
90
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test scales
test levels
test norms
test scores
91
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
92
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
loudness
decibels
pitch
timbre
93
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
conditioned emotional reactions
94
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
conformity
social loafing
group polarization
deindividuation
95
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
sedatives
narcotics
alcohol
cannabis
96
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the triarchic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
attention encoding
the semantic level of encoding
97
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
attributions
stereotypes
self-serving bias
prejudices
98
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
the internal state causes the facial expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
99
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
systematic desensitization
psychotherapy
avoidance therapy
aversion therapy
100
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
magnetic resonance imaging
positron emission tomography
computerized tomography
electrographic tomography
101
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
spatial
mechanical
musical
logical-mathemathical
102
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
subliminal threshold
just noticeable difference
sensory memory
absolute threshold
103
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
concrete
conventional
preconventional
postconventional
104
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
anxiety disorders
bipolar disorder
schizophrenia
marital problems
105
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
feeding
the autonomic nervous system
memory
the endocrine system
106
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
egocentrism
conservation
centration
reversibility
107
A valid test is one that...
is reliable
is consistent
measures what it is supposed to measure
has been standardized but not normed
108
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
intelligence; personality
intelligence; standardized
standardized; intelligence
personality; standardized
109
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
linguistic heuristics
morphemes
phonemes
syntax
110
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
modeled
retrieved
encoded
ablated
111
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
tone
light
food/meat powder
salivation
112
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Wernicke's area
Sperry's area
Cannon's area
Broca's area
113
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
delta
gamma
alpha
beta
114
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
step-wise conditioning
selection
stimulus discrimination
shaping
115
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
trust vs. mistrust
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
116
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
occipital cortex
medulla
hypothalamus
prefrontal cortex
117
Framing refers to...
presenting irrelevant information
presenting only part of the information required
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
118
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
119
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
censoring dissent from group members
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
120
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
parental investments
display rules
investment differentiations
social scripts
121
According to the medical model...
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
122
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold information for a lifetime
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
put information into long-term memory
123
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
evolutionary theory
incentive theory
drive theory
instinct theory
124
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
psychoanalysis
functionalism
behaviorism
neodynamism
125
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
subliminal perception
a just noticeable difference
a superimposed stimulus
a false alarm
126
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
problem-solving theory
wish fulfillment theory
None of the Above
activation-synthesis theory
127
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
semantic network
script
chunk
schema
128
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
hallucinations
obsessions
delusions
illusions
129
A perceptual set implies that...
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
people often see what they expect to see
130
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
repression
avoidance
suppression
neurogenic amnesia
131
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
print letters
fear the dark
sing a song
tie shoe laces
132
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
operant conditioning
observational learning
punishment
classical conditioning
133
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
means
correlation coefficients
percentiles
standard deviation
134
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
135
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
law of small numbers
representativeness heuristic
conjunction heuristic
availability heuristic
136
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the proximodistal trend
the cephalopedal trend
the cephalocaudal trend
encephalitis
137
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an achievement test
a personality test
an aptitude test
an intelligence test
138
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recognition
recall
reiteration
relearning
139
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
140
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
mentalism
introspection
intelligence
cognition
141
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
cerebellum
limbic system
reticular formation
brainstem
142
The superego is Freud's term for...
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the conscious aspect of personality
the moral component of personality
143
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
teratogens
opiates
prenatals
pathogens
144
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
limbic system
endocrine system
reticular formation
leftbrain/right brain communication
145
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he's just like his father
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he always gets in fights
146
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mean
median
mode
midpoint
147
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
I eated a cookie
give cookie
i wanted a cookie
cookie
148
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
fear reaction
rabbit
rat
loud noise
149
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender differences
gender stereotypes
gender behaviors
gender roles
150
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
pressure
conflict
frustration
change
