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AP Gov Unit 5 Vocab Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Gov Unit 5 Vocab
AP Gov Unit 5 Vocab
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1
What is the concurring opinion?
A summary of the case presented by one of the parties involved
An opinion by a justice who agrees with the majority for different reasons
The formal decision and reasoning of the majority of justices in a case
An opinion written by a justice who disagrees with the majority decision
2
What is an appellate court?
A court that reviews decisions made by lower courts
A court that hears cases for the first time
A court that handles criminal trials
A court responsible for drafting new legislation
3
What is common law?
A system of law based on legislative statutes and regulations
Legal principles derived from past court decisions and customs
A legal doctrine based on the divine right of kings
Laws enacted by a ruler or governing body
4
What is certiorari?
A Latin term meaning "to be informed" or "to be made certain"
A legal remedy for correcting errors made by lower courts
A type of legal document used in court proceedings
An order issued by a higher court to review a lower court's decision
5
What is persuasive precedent?
A principle set by a court decision that must be followed in future cases
A precedent set by a higher court that lower courts are bound to follow
A doctrine that allows judges to interpret laws based on their beliefs
A court decision that is not binding but may be considered as influential
6
What is a per curiam opinion?
An opinion authored by a law clerk on behalf of a judge
A legal opinion issued by a single judge
A unanimous opinion issued without attribution to a specific author
An opinion written by the entire court collectively
7
What is the Freedom of Information Act?
A regulation ensuring the privacy of individuals' personal information
A policy promoting freedom of expression on social media platforms
A law granting citizens the right to access government records and info
Legislation protecting journalists' freedom of speech and press
8
What is bureaucracy?
Hierarchical organization with formal rules and roles
Direct citizen decision-making
Advocacy for maximum individual freedom
Concentrated power in a single leader
9
What is discretional authority?
Authority delegated to lower-level employees within an organization
Authority exercised based on established rules and regulations
Authority to make decisions based on personal judgment and interpretation
Authority that is limited to specific tasks and responsibilities
10
What is a class-action lawsuit?
A lawsuit filed by a group of individuals against multiple defendants
A legal action taken by a corporation against its competitors
A lawsuit initiated by a single individual against a large corporation
A group of plaintiffs with similar claims collectively sue a defendant
11
What is a name-request job?
A job position filled through recommendations or personal connections
A job involving tasks related to naming products or brands
A job requiring specific names to be included in the application
A job where candidates are selected based on their names
12
What is the Opinion of the Court?
A summary of the arguments made by the parties involved in a case
A document outlining procedural rules for the court's proceedings
The formal decision and reasoning of the majority of justices in a case
The dissenting opinion written by justices who disagree with the majority
13
What is a liberal constructionist?
Someone who favors the literal interpretation of constitutional provisions
A person who advocates for strict interpretation of legal texts
Someone who believes in the flexibility of laws to adapt to societal needs
A supporter of limited government intervention in legal matters
14
What is an injunction?
A court order prohibiting or compelling specific actions
A legal document outlining the terms of a contract
A court order requiring a person to appear in court
A judicial decision to dismiss a case without further consideration
15
What is criminal law?
A legal system based on precedents set by past court decisions
A set of laws enacted by legislative bodies
Laws that defines/presscribes punishment for offenses against society
A branch of law that deals with disputes between individuals/organizations
16
What is sovereign immunity?
The principle that protects government entities from being sued w/o consent
Immunity granted to officials for actions done in the scope of their duties
The ability of a country to maintain control over its own territory
A doctrine that grants immunity to foreign diplomats from prosecution
17
What is the judiciary?
The executive branch of government responsible for enforcing laws
The legislative branch of government responsible for making laws
A system of checks and balances within the government
The branch of government responsible for interpreting and applying laws
18
What is the Civil Service Act?
Procedures for civil lawsuits
Policy for cooperation between government and civil society
Citizens' rights to government services
System for hiring government employees based on merit
19
What is excepted service?
A type of govt employment not subject to the competitive hiring process
A service with specific exceptions to standard government regulations
A service provided by nonprofit organizations
A service that is exempt from taxes
20
What is a brief?
A document outlining the procedural history of a case
A formal request made by one party to the court
A written opinion issued by a judge or justice
A summary of the main arguments presented in a legal case
21
What are annual authorisations?
A type of legislative approval required for ongoing government programs
A legal requirement for companies to renew their business licenses annually
An accounting procedure for reconciling financial records annualy
A process for granting permission to hold yearly events or activities
22
What is a remedy?
A substance used to alleviate pain or treat a medical condition
A legal document that initiates a lawsuit
A court order requiring a party to take to correct a legal wrong
A procedure for resolving disputes through mediation or arbitration
23
What is an issue network?
A network of communication satellites used for global internet connectivity
A group of individuals and organizations working on a specific policy issue
A network of interconnected computers used to address societal issues
A group of individuals discussing problems on social media platforms
24
What is a court of appeal?
A court that hears cases for the first time
A court that reviews decisions made by lower courts
A court responsible for drafting new legislation
A court that handles cases involving violations of the Constitution
25
What is a litmus test?
A medical test to check for the presence of certain substances in the body
A psychological test used to assess cognitive abilities and personality
A test used in chemistry to determine the acidity/alkalinity of a substance
A test used to determine a person's political ideology
26
What is appellate jurisdiction?
The authority to hear cases involving criminal offenses
The power to review decisions made by lower courts
The jurisdiction over cases involving federal laws
The responsibility to conduct trials in civil cases
27
What is the Rule of Four?
A regulation governing the use of four-wheel-drive vehicles on public roads
at least four Supreme Court justices must agree for a case to be heard
Four players are required to be on the field at all times
at least four potential jurors must be chosen for each trial
28
What is judicial self-restraint?
Strict interpretation of the law
Limiting court role in policymaking
Broad interpretation and policy intervention
Deferring to executive decisions
29
What is the National Performance Review?
A policy framework for national security and defense strategy
A legislative review process to assess the efficacy of national policies
A governmental initiative to improve the efficiency of federal agencies
A program aimed at enhancing the performance of national sports teams
30
What is judicial review?
A process by which the president reviews judicial appointments
The judiciary can review/invalidate laws that violate the Constitution
The review of lower court decisions by appellate courts
A process by which judges are evaluated for their performance
31
What is laissez-faire economics?
Government-controlled economy
Promotion of international trade agreements
Central planning and state ownership
Minimal government interference in business
32
What is the Solicitor General?
The chief legal advisor to the President of the United States
A lawyer set by Congress to oversee matters related to national security
The head of the Department of Justice
A government official that oversees proceedings within a jurisdiction
33
What are district courts?
Courts that handle cases involving disputes between two or more states
Courts that hear appeals from lower courts
Courts that have OG jurisdiction over federal civil and criminal cases
Courts responsible for interpreting and applying the Constitution
34
What is the Sunshine Act?
A law requiring transparency in certain government agency meetings
A policy aimed at improving public access to recreational areas
Legislation promoting solar energy and renewable resources
A regulation ensuring fair practices and worker rights in agriculture
35
What is the Whistleblower Projection Act?
Oversees whistleblower equipment safety
Shields individuals reporting government misconduct
Protects those disclosing proprietary information
Ensures endangered species protection
36
What is the Hatch Act?
A policy promoting the protection of endangered species.
Legislation regulating the hatching and breeding of poultry
A law stopping fed. employees from engaging in certain political activities
A regulation governing the use of federal funds for R&D
37
What is the spoils system?
Rewarding successful businesses with government contracts
Recruitment through competitive exams
Jobs awarded based on loyalty and political support
Merit-based government appointments
38
What is a plea bargain?
Negotiation for reduced charges
Court order to appear
Process for appeal
Right to refuse questions
39
What is committee clearance?
Getting legislative approval
Cleaning committee documents
Clearing schedules for meetings
Ensuring committee legality
40
Who is a defendant?
The party bringing a legal action in court
The individual accused or sued in a legal proceeding
The witness called to testify on behalf of the prosecution
The legal representative of a corporation in a lawsuit
41
Who is a plaintiff?
The lawyer representing the defendant in a legal case
The party bringing a legal action or lawsuit against another party
The individual appointed by the court to oversee legal proceedings
The person or party against whom a lawsuit is filed
42
What is original jurisdiction?
The power of a court to hear a case for the first time
The authority of a higher court to review decisions made by lower courts
A court's ability to hear appeals from administrative agencies
The process of selecting jurors for a trial
43
What is the dissenting opinion?
The formal decision and reasoning of the majority of justices in a case
An opinion by a justice who agrees with the majority for different reasons
A summary of the case presented by one of the parties involved
An opinion written by a justice who disagrees with the majority decision
44
What is a strict constructionist?
A person who adheres to a literal interpretation of the Constitution
Someone who believes in broad interpretation of legal texts
An advocate for limited government intervention in legal matters
A supporter of judicial activism and intervention in legal cases
45
What is compliance monitoring?
Ensuring adherence to regulations and standards within an organization
Monitoring the environmental impact of industrial activities
Tracking financial transactions to prevent money laundering
Monitoring public opinion on government policies and regulations
46
What is appropriation?
A movement in which existing objects or images are recontextualized
A method of land acquisition by government agencies for public use
A legislative process for allocating funds for specific purposes
A form of cultural exchange between different ethnic groups
47
What is a legislative veto?
A parliamentary procedure for expediting the passage of bills
A mechanism allowing legislators to block executive actions or regulations
A method for citizens to directly vote on proposed legislation
A process for overturning laws passed by the legislative branch
48
What is the Iron Triangle?
A method of weightlifting popular among bodybuilders
A geometric shape used in architectural design
Relationship between government agencies, committees, and interest groups
A political alliance between military, industrial, and government entities
49
What is the Senior Executive Service?
A leadership corps of senior government officials appointed based on merit
A ranking system for executives in private corporations
A program providing financial assistance to elderly individuals
A retirement benefits program for senior citizens
50
What is competitive service?
Service by private companies in a competitive market
Recruitment through competitive exams and merit
Jobs based on political loyalty
Promoting competition among businesses
51
What is a constitutional court?
A court that handles cases involving violations of the Constitution
A court set by the Constitution to adjudicate constitutional matters
A court that exclusively deals with cases involving federal laws
A court that interprets and applies laws passed by the legislature
52
What is a writ of certiorari?
A court's writ reviews and decides to hear a lower court's decision
A legal document used to initiate a lawsuit in federal court
An order requiring a party to participate in court
A document issued by a court to request a higher court to review a case
53
What is stare decisis?
A process by which judges are evaluated for their performance
A principle requiring courts to adhere to precedent made in previous cases
A doctrine allowing judges to interpret laws based on their beliefs
A doctrine permitting courts to review and invalidate laws
54
Who is the attorney general?
The chief legal advisor to the president
The highest-ranking military officer in the armed forces
The head of the Department of Justice in the United States
The leader of the legislative branch of government
55
What is a trust fund?
A legal entity created to manage assets for the benefit of beneficiaries
A government program providing financial assistance to low-income families
A charitable organization dedicated to supporting education initiatives
A financial institution that offers investment services to individuals
56
What is in forma paupaeris?
Allowing indigent individuals to proceed with a lawsuit without court fees
A legal term for a party representing themselves in court
A court order requiring a party to take actions to correct a legal wrong
A legal doctrine allowing judges to interpret laws based on their beliefs
57
What is civil law?
A set of laws enacted by legislative bodies
Laws that defines/presscribes punishment for offenses against society
A branch of law that deals with disputes between individuals/organizations
A legal system based on precedents set by past court decisions
58
What is judicial activism?
Limiting court role in policymaking
Broad interpretation and policy intervention
Strict interpretation of the law
Deferring to executive decisions
59
What is red tape?
A term referring to the color of official government documents
A type of adhesive used in office supplies
A bureaucratic practice involving excessive rules and regulations
A method of sealing confidential information
60
What is standing?
The legal capacity to bring a lawsuit to court
The act of physically being present in a courtroom during legal proceedings
The process of selecting jurors for a trial
The formal declaration of a court's decision on a legal matter
61
New York is better than Washington D.C.
False
True
62
What is an amicus curiae brief?
A document submitted by a friend of the court offering info for to a case
A written opinion issued by a judge or justice
A brief filed by a party for additional evidence in support of their case
A legal document submitted by a party to the court requesting an action
