OH IV Lecture 6

Conditions that must be fulfilled to ensure food security:

Food security means having a reliable source of food and sufficient resources to purchase it

Environments where there are severe seasonal fluctuations like mountain agriculture of Austria and western US

The animals and plants (crops) that are physiologically adapted to an environment

Rearing of wild animal species in confinement in a semi-domesticated state for commercial exploitation

Supplies; preservation

Cultivation of aquatic plants/animals; fresh water (carp, tilapia); brackish water (mollusks); marine (salmon)

Most rapidly growing system of farm animal production; 72% poultry, 43% eggs, 55% pork

Resultant changes to pathogens; environmental concerns; antimicrobial resistance; 80% of antibiotics used in livestock

Production; distribution; exchange

Puppy raising, horse racing, greyhound racing, pet birds, fish, reptiles

Sedentary crop and livestock ag where main reason for crop production is to feed livestock; peri-urban settings

Socioeconomic forces; cultural forces

69% required increase in food calories to feed 9.6 billion people by 2050

When poor people acquire discretionary income, the first things they buy are animal source food; Developing world is ^

It is projected that there will be major growth in population in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa

Form of pastoralism: herders + animals move seasonally (2 regiosn); cattle, sheep/goats = milk/meat, culture, fertilizer

Climate and geography

Some crop agriculture is carried out, at a home site, in addition to extensive grazing of livestock; semi-arid envir.

Biological forces; physical forces

Trade, law

Cattle ranching is responsible for over 70% of deforestation in Brazil

History, culture, religion

Inexpensive food (~10 disposable income); safer than ever before; positive balance of trade

Chickens have tripled since 1975, Ducks quadrupled; Pigs up 1/3; Goats doubled; Cattle and sheep remained static

Food production, skins and leathers, sale of live animals; ungulates, fowl, rodents, reptiles, bison

Semi-arid/sub-humid zones that favor grasslands; require large amounts of privately owned (or gov) land; meat production

Food, fiber, manure, other procucts

Camels, cattle, sheep, goats, horses = milk, meat, fertilizer, culture; due to fixed land use, poultry can be added

Sun, water, soil, nutrients, labor

Organic farming; Livestock year round access to outdoors

Nutrient content; food safety; human health

Crops are main source of food, w/ animals supporting the farming operation; most widespread form of AG activity globally

Concentrated animal feeding operations; CAFOs; independent of environment, but heavily impacts it

Income; food aid

Mobile livestock-keeping to available pasture & water; arid and semi-arid environment; shapes diet + culture

Asia and India need 72% and 94% increase by 2050; EU needs 7%; Canada and US need -2%

Agricultura; production has certain negative outcomes, but it does successfully feed a significant portion of the world

Includes camel, sheep, goats, and horses