Geological evidence suggests the world is—, but creationism holds that it was created by god—.

4.5 billion years old. 6,000-10,000 years ago.

Which of these is not a challenge to intelligent design?

It undermines the idea of god’s omnipotence.

How does science undermine the Genesis creation story of god creating the world in 6 days and resting on the 7th?

Geological records show animals weren’t created as a fully formed species.

The universe started with all of its—, but the theory says nothing about where this matter came from.

Matter concentrated at a very dense and very hot single point.

The Gaia hypothesis addresses the apparent harmony between biotic and abiotic elements on earth, an—.

Intrinsic interdependence between the elements of living systems.

Which of these is not a weakness of the scientific position on miracles?

Science is on strong ground when it rejects miracles for being singular.

Fideists don’t need empirical evidence for what they believe, just the belief itself, to seek verification—.

Denies the very point of faith.

Bearing in mind Hume’s definition, a working definition of a miracle could be: it breaks a law of nature—.

Is verifiable, caused by god and has a purpose.

ID rejects natural selection on the grounds that biological organisms are so—.

Complex that they can’t be explained by gradual evolution.

Dawkins argues that Darwin showed evolution as a—. He does not think creation science is a science at all.

Blind process, it happens purely by the chance process of natural selection

For critical rationalists, which two tests must believes pass to be coherent?

They must be rational. They mustn’t go against empirical science.

With deductive arguments—.

The conclusion is right only if the premises are right.

What are miracles, according to Hume?

Break the law of nature, happen through god’s will and because of god.

Critical rationalists rely on rational argument, whilst fideists—.

Draw on personal religious experience.

The dense, hot point exploded, flinging matter everywhere, as matter expanded from the point, it cooled, around—.

400 million years after Big Bang, ⭐️ began forming-have been evolving since.

The—and—argue inductively that through observation of🌎, we can conclude that god is the best explanation for what we see

Cosmological argument and design argument.

Which of these is not a point against Christian though raised by the theory of evolution?

Evolutionary theory shows we could all have a single ancestral pair.

ID argues that there are several features of the universe that are—. ID is based on irreducible complexity.

Best explained by the activity of an intelligent designer.

Which of these is not part of Hoyle’s Steady State theory, which he proposed in the 1960s?

There are infinite numbers of universes existing alongside this one.

Lovelock’s Gaia hypothesis suggested that the living matter of the planet functions—.

In many ways like a single self regulating organism, he called this Gaia.

Darwin proposed that nature—so that they get passed onto succeeding generations. This explains diversity of species.

Selects characteristics of a being that make it more likely to survive.

Which of these is not one of the three stages of the scientific method?

Experimentation-testing the hypothesis to ensure it is true.

Main idea of ID: the universe shows signs of irreducible complexity,—, therefore, there was an intelligent designer.

Irreducible complexity can only be explained by intelligence.

Which of these is not part of the God Of The Gaps argument against miracles?

Scientific development will never fill all gaps, making god redundant.

Which of these is not a creationist belief?

Dinosaurs are not monsters such as Leviathan or behemoth.

What is the biggest challenge to miracles raised by science?

They break scientific laws, so couldn’t happen. They stem from ignorance.

studbud

Religion and science debates and their significance for philosophy of religion.

45 termsStudBud Administration8 plays

For A Level philosophy

Flashcards45 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 45

Answers

1
Geological evidence suggests the world is—, but creationism holds that it was created by god—.
4.4 billion years old. 3,000-7,000 years ago.
4.5 billion years old. 6,000-10,000 years ago.
5.4 billion years old. 7,000-11,000 years ago.
5.5 billion years old. 8,000-12,000 years ago.
2
Multiverse theory-many universes exist alongside ours, whatever can possibly happen, happens in one of these universes.
False
True
3
Most Christians reject the Big Bang theory as the mechanism god used to bring the world into being.
False
True
4
For Dawkins, the idea that a personal god communicates with creation is nothing but wishful thinking and has no value.
True
False
5
Which of these is not a challenge to intelligent design?
Over time, it would indeed be possible for something complex to evolve.
It leads to no insights into biology and no testable hypothesis.
It undermines the idea of god’s omnipotence.
It’s possible that god could have created the mechanisms of evolution.
6
How does science undermine the Genesis creation story of god creating the world in 6 days and resting on the 7th?
Both of the above.
The order of creation complements the findings of evolutionary science.
None of the above.
Geological records show animals weren’t created as a fully formed species.
7
The universe started with all of its—, but the theory says nothing about where this matter came from.
Matter concentrated at a very dense and very hot single point.
Planets concentrated at a very dense and very hot single point.
Cells concentrated at a very dense and very cold single point.
Organisms concentrated at a very dense and very hot very hot single point.
8
The Gaia hypothesis addresses the apparent harmony between biotic and abiotic elements on earth, an—.
Intrinsic interdependence between the elements of living systems.
Intrinsic interdependence between humans and animals.
Intrinsic interdependence between all abiotic elements.
Interdependence between organisms within biotic systems.
9
Which of these is not a weakness of the scientific position on miracles?
Science can’t actually prove that scientific laws are immutable.
Science is on strong ground when it rejects miracles for being singular.
If they really do happen, it’s a fact that science can’t investigate them.
GOG misses the point of miracles-they have purpose&are god showing his love
10
How does evolutionary theory pose a major challenge to Christian thinking.
All of the above.
We are not the peak of creation, as suggested in Genesis.
Humans are simply organisms that evolved from single celled organisms.
We don’t have dominion, we’re just a product of evolution.
11
The Big Bang theory suggests everything was formed by a one off unique explosion -the Singularity 13.7billion years ago.
True
False
12
Fideists don’t need empirical evidence for what they believe, just the belief itself, to seek verification—.
Denies the very point of god.
Denies the very point of prayer.
Denies the very point of faith.
Denies the very point of religion.
13
The most important part of Hume’s points is that a miracle is a—. This view of miracles rules out paranormal phenomena.
Personal act, the individual experiencing it feels closer to god.
Completely fabricated occurrence which can be explained using science.
Willed act, it has a purpose.
Purposeful act, it has will behind it.
14
Bearing in mind Hume’s definition, a working definition of a miracle could be: it breaks a law of nature—.
Is logical, caused by god and has no purpose.
Is verifiable, caused by god and has a purpose.
Is intentional, caused by god and has purpose.
Is random, caused by nature and has no purpose.
15
ID rejects natural selection on the grounds that biological organisms are so—.
Beautiful that they can’t be be explained by gradual evolution.
Detailed that they can’t be explained by gradual evolution.
Simple that they can’t be explained by gradual evolution.
Complex that they can’t be explained by gradual evolution.
16
Dawkins argues that Darwin showed evolution as a—. He does not think creation science is a science at all.
Blind process, it happens purely by the chance process of natural selection
Directed process caused by an intelligent being.
Random process, it has no direction and occurs purely by chance.
Preplanned process, god has laid out what will happen.
17
For critical rationalists, which two tests must believes pass to be coherent?
They must have evidence. They mustn’t go against the laws of physics.
They must be rational. They mustn’t go against empirical science.
They must be able to be repeated. They must have been reported by multiple.
They must be logical. They mustn’t go against the laws of chemistry.
18
With deductive arguments—.
They are proved only from a priori evidence.
The conclusion is right only if the premises are right.
They are proved only from a posteriori evidence.
The premises are right only if the conclusion is right.
19
The—argument uses deductive argument for the existence of god.
Ontological
Teleological
Design
Cosmological
20
What are miracles, according to Hume?
The outcome of mass hysteria or lying.
Totally fictional events with scientific explanations.
Unwilled acts with no apparent purpose.
Break the law of nature, happen through god’s will and because of god.
21
Intelligent design theory originated in🇺🇸after 1987, when courts ruled that creation science was just religion dressed up
True
False
22
Critical rationalists rely on rational argument, whilst fideists—.
Draw on personal religious experience.
Draw on impersonal religious experience.
Draw on eyewitness accounts.
Draw on evidence from the scriptures.
23
Give some strengths of the scientific position on miracles.
Spinoza’s uses the obvious truth-if miracles are real, science has no basis
All of the above.
GOTG gives a convincing explanation of where miracle stories come from.
Miracles=singular/unrepeatable-weak evidence when likened to scientific E.
24
The dense, hot point exploded, flinging matter everywhere, as matter expanded from the point, it cooled, around—.
300 million years after Big Bang,🪐began forming-has been evolving since.
400 million years after Big Bang, ⭐️ began forming-have been evolving since.
200 million years after Big Bang,🌎began forming-has been evolving since.
25
How does the Big Bang theory challenge Christian beliefs?
13.7 million years are a lot longer ago then 6000 years written in Genesis.
Religion isn’t a pick & mix affair-rejecting some things, accepting others.
All of the above.
If the Bible’s wrong about creation, it could be wrong about other things.
26
What points were raised in Spinoza’s scientific argument against miracles in Theologico-political treatise?
Therefore, miracles are impossible, they are mere absurdities.
Immutable laws can’t be violated, as there’d be no basis for science.
All of the above.
Miracles are violations of laws of nature. Natural laws are immutable.
27
The—and—argue inductively that through observation of🌎, we can conclude that god is the best explanation for what we see
Cosmological argument and design argument.
Ontological argument and design argument.
Teleological argument and design argument.
Ontological argument and cosmological argument.
28
Which of these is not a point against Christian though raised by the theory of evolution?
Evolutionary theory shows we could all have a single ancestral pair.
If everything evolved, the beauty of the world has nothing to do with god.
We don’t need god to explain the process, it works through genes.
There is nothing special about humans beyond superior intelligence.
29
ID argues that there are several features of the universe that are—. ID is based on irreducible complexity.
Best explained by the random movement of atoms.
Best explained by the Big Bang theory.
Best explained by the activity of an intelligent designer.
Best explained by the activity of god.
30
No inductive argument can ever be proof as we can never be sure we’ve done all possible observations.
False
True
31
Which of these is not part of Hoyle’s Steady State theory, which he proposed in the 1960s?
None of the above.
The universe has and will always exist in the state we see it now.
New matter’s continually coming into existence-compensating for deaths of⭐️s
There are infinite numbers of universes existing alongside this one.
32
Lovelock’s Gaia hypothesis suggested that the living matter of the planet functions—.
In many ways like a human being, this is why he called it Gaia.
In many ways like a single self regulating organism, he called this Gaia.
In many ways like a virus, growing, mutating and changing.
In many ways like multiple self regulating organisms.
33
Darwin proposed that nature—so that they get passed onto succeeding generations. This explains diversity of species.
Selects characteristics of a being that make it more attractive.
Selects characteristics of a being that make it more likely to survive.
Selects characteristics of a being that make its reproduction more likely.
Selects characteristics of a being that make it more effective.
34
Scientists once concluded inductively that all swans were white until black swans were seen is Australia.
False
True
35
Fine tuning argument-universe was precisely set up for life, any change in cosmological constant would prevent this.
False
True
36
Which of these is not one of the three stages of the scientific method?
Observation-seeing the apple fall from the tree.
Experimentation-testing the hypothesis to ensure it is true.
Experimentation-repeated testing and formulation of a law ie, gravity.
Hypothesis-there may be a force that attracts the apple to the earth.
37
What are some problems raised by the religious method?
You can induce religious feelings by stimulating parts of the brain.
Results are not repeatable.
All of the above.
You can’t rerun religious experiences to check their truth.
38
Science and religion are commonly perceived to be—.
Mutually exclusive.
Mutually acceptable.
Mutually agreed.
Mutually beneficial.
39
Give some arguments against creationism.
The flood may have occurred, but can be explained without god.
Scientific evidence appears overwhelming.
All of the above.
Creation in 6 days is really just to do with the early Shabbat.
40
Main idea of ID: the universe shows signs of irreducible complexity,—, therefore, there was an intelligent designer.
Irreducible complexity can only be explained by science.
Irreducible complexity can only be explained by creationism.
Irreducible complexity can only be explained by intelligence.
Irreducible complexity can only be explained by god.
41
Which of these is not part of the God Of The Gaps argument against miracles?
God was used in early communities to fill gaps in knowledge.
In early communities, little was known scientifically.
Scientific development will never fill all gaps, making god redundant.
With scientific advances, god has been pushed out of most of these gaps.
42
Which of these is not a creationist belief?
Creation of species was instant and happened over six 24 hour days.
There was a worldwide flood, destroying everything not saved by Noah.
Adam and Eve are the ancestors of all humans, Tower of Babel explains race.
Dinosaurs are not monsters such as Leviathan or behemoth.
43
For—,a miracle is never a coincidence, it’s a divinely caused event which would never have occurred in the normal course
Aquinas
Augustine
Aristotle
Anselm
44
What is the biggest challenge to miracles raised by science?
They break chemical laws, so couldn’t happen. Stem from a lack of knowledge
They break scientific laws, so couldn’t happen. They stem from ignorance.
They break physical laws, so couldn’t happen. Stem from lack of experience.
They break gravitational laws, so couldn’t happen. Stem from idiocy.
45
Recombination-process whereby—is broken down and rejoined with new—.
Genetic material.
A cell.
Genetic characteristics.
Chromosomes.

Religion and science debates and their significance for philosophy of religion. Flashcards | StudBud