Instead of using the word "dementia," practitioners use...

acute confusional state, transient confusional state

vascular, neurodegenerative, psychiatric and traumatic, metabolic

Which factor influences the severity of Vascular Dementia?

Location, number, size, and extent of vascular damage

Which statement best describes the relationship between vascular dementia (VD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD)?

Midlife vascular risk factors can contribute to develop of both VD and AD

Some causes of cognitive changes:

medication side effects, infections, electrolyte imbalances, depression

Which is a specific criterion for diagnosing Major Neurocognitive Disorder?

Cognitive decline affecting activities of daily living (ADLs)

Which of the following is NOT a pathology associated with Vascular Dementia?

Excess amyloid protein accumulation

How is vascular dementia (VD) diagnosed?

Neuroimaging to confirm ischemic or hemorrhagic damage

How are dementia types classified based on brain pathology?

By location of brain damage (cortical, subcortical, mixed)

Which of the following is considered the most significant risk factor for vascular dementia (VD)?

Age-related changes in cerebral blood flow

Which type of biomarkers are commonly used in diagnosing MCI due to Alzheimer's disease?

Imaging markers such as beta-amyloid and tau proteins

What is a distinguishing feature of the Nonfluent/Agrammatic variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA)?

Slow, effortful speech, impaired grammar

acquired & persistent impairment across multiple cognitive domains

What distinguishes the cognitive profile of vascular dementia (VD) from Alzheimer's disease (AD)?

VD is associated with poorer verbal fluency and executive dysfunction

Which biomarker is indicative of Alzheimer's disease in individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)?

Presence of beta-amyloid plaques

What is a key aspect of the person-centered approach in dementia care?

Focusing on individual needs and preferences

studbud

Geriatric's Final

100 termsStudBud Administration12 plays

Imported from external platform

Flashcards100 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 100

Answers

1
Impairment in multiple non-memory cognitive domains with intact functional ability.
Nonamnestic multidomain
Amnestic multidomain
Nonamnestic single domain
Amnestic single domain
2
Instead of using the word "dementia," practitioners use...
acute confusional state
confusional state
transient confusional state
3
Memory problems, compensatory strategies, relatively intact comprehension of concrete information
Mid stage
Early Stages
Later stages
4
Cognitive impairment, depression, and loss of motivation are common in VD
True
False
5
Besides episodic memory impairment, which other cognitive domain commonly shows deficits in individuals with MCI?
Auditory processing
Executive function
Visual acuity
Olfactory discrimination
6
MCI can arise from
vascular
neurodegenerative
psychiatric and traumatic
metabolic
7
Which factor influences the severity of Vascular Dementia?
Age of onset
Location, number, size, and extent of vascular damage
Sleep patterns
Dietary habits
8
Which statement best describes the relationship between vascular dementia (VD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD)?
VD exclusively impacts episodic memory while AD affects executive functions
VD and AD have completely separate risk factors and pathologies
AD primarily affects subcortical brain regions, while VD aff cortical areas
Midlife vascular risk factors can contribute to develop of both VD and AD
9
Decline from previous levels of functioning not attributable to delirium or major psychiatric disease.
True
False
10
Some causes of cognitive changes:
medication side effects
infections
electrolyte imbalances
depression
11
Which of the following language deficits is commonly observed in individuals with Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)?
Fluent and coherent speech
Pronunciation difficulties
Impaired reading comprehension
Semantic paraphasia
12
VD is now part of the broader spectrum termed "vascular cognitive impairment."
False
True
13
Which is a specific criterion for diagnosing Major Neurocognitive Disorder?
Impairment in social engagement only
Attributed primarily to transient confusion
Cognitive decline affecting activities of daily living (ADLs)
Memory impairment of less than 1 standard deviation below the norm
14
Which is a common symptom of Huntington's Disease (HD)?
Slower speech rate
Hypomimia (reduced facial expression)
Reduced choreiform movements
Increased cognitive functions
15
Which is NOT a specific disease but a term encompassing various symptoms associated with multiple underlying causes?
Alzheimer's disease
Frontotemporal dementia
Dementia
Parkinson's disease
16
Which of the following is NOT a pathology associated with Vascular Dementia?
Hemorrhage
Large infarcts
Excess amyloid protein accumulation
Small vessel disease
17
How is vascular dementia (VD) diagnosed?
Blood tests to assess cognitive decline
Examination of motor skills and reflexes
Based solely on family history
Neuroimaging to confirm ischemic or hemorrhagic damage
18
Which is Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
MCC
MCD
MCI
NCD
19
Vascular dementia (VD) accounts for approximately
1-5% of dementia cases%
10-20% of dementia cases
5-10% of dementia cases
10-15% of demenita cases
20
Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)?
Infectious causes
Neurodegenerative causes
Genetic causes
Metabolic causes
21
What can cause Vascular Dementia (VD) to manifest suddenly?
Chronic exposure to toxins
Genetic mutations
Acute events such as stroke
Traumatic brain injury
22
Worsening word-finding, pragmatic and executive function decline, relatively preserved speech and writing skills.
early stages
later stages
mid stages
23
How are dementia types classified based on brain pathology?
By family history
By age of onset
By symptoms severity
By location of brain damage (cortical, subcortical, mixed)
24
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is classified under which category of disorders according to DSM-V?
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Personality Disorders
Mood Disorders
Neurocognitive Disorders
25
Which type of dementia is characterized by brain changes including plaques (beta-amyloid) and tangles (tau protein)?
Alzheimer's Disease (AD)
Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB)
Vascular Dementia (VD)
Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)
26
Pure vascular dementia is rare due to co-occurrence with other pathologies
False
True
27
Greater cognitive deficits increase the likelihood of conversion
True
False
28
Some conditions can mimic dementia
False
True
29
Alzheimers is most common form of dementia
False
True
30
What factor increases the likelihood of individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) progressing to dementia?
Decreased genetic risk factors
Older age at diagnosis
Presence of psychiatric disorders
Lower cognitive deficits
31
Deficits in MCI can be observed in...
comprehension
executive function
verbal output
language
32
Mild Cognitive Impairment is characterized by impairment in non-memory cognitive domains with intact functional ability
Amnestic multidomain
Nonamnestic single domain
Nonamnestic multidomain
Amnestic single domain
33
What varies widely across studies regarding the conversion rates of MCI to dementia?
Educational background
Gender distribution
Environmental factors
Cognitive deficits
34
What is a key purpose of picture description tasks in clinical practice?
To test hearing impairments
To assess expository discourse
To evaluate memory
To measure executive functions
35
Which of the following is considered the most significant risk factor for vascular dementia (VD)?
Age-related changes in cerebral blood flow
Family history of Alzheimer's disease
Sedentary lifestyle
Past history of traumatic brain injury
36
Dementia has .....
direct cause of something else
one underlying cause
multiple underlying causes
37
Which subtype of MCI is characterized by impairment in memory and intact functional ability?
Nonamnestic multidomain
Nonamnestic single domain
Amnestic multidomain
Amnestic single domain
38
Memory impairment with intact functional ability.
Amnestic multidomain
Nonamnestic single domain
Nonamnestic multidomain
Amnestic single domain
39
Which type of biomarkers are commonly used in diagnosing MCI due to Alzheimer's disease?
Metabolic markers for liver function
Genetic markers related to eye color
Imaging markers such as beta-amyloid and tau proteins
Hormonal markers for thyroid function
40
What is a distinguishing feature of the Nonfluent/Agrammatic variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA)?
Impaired comprehension at single-word level
Severe anomia
Slow, effortful speech, impaired grammar
Atrophy in posterior fronto-insular region of the left hemisphere
41
What is dementia
A transient impairment in cognitive functions due to stress or fatigue
acquired & persistent impairment across multiple cognitive domains
A condition marked by occasional forgetfulness
A normal part of aging without significant impact on daily life
42
What distinguishes the cognitive profile of vascular dementia (VD) from Alzheimer's disease (AD)?
Both VD and AD predominantly affect episodic memory
VD is characterized by better verbal fluency compared to AD
AD primarily affects procedural memory and language formation
VD is associated with poorer verbal fluency and executive dysfunction
43
Impairment in non-memory cognitive domains with intact functional ability.
Amnestic multidomain
Amnestic single domain
Nonamnestic multidomain
Nonamnestic single domain
44
What is the inheritance pattern of Huntington's Disease (HD)?
Autosomal dominant
X-linked dominant
Autosomal recessive
Y-linked recessive
45
Which classification of dementia types is based on brain pathology?
Symptomatic classification
Structural classification
Etiological classification
Genetic classification
46
Pronounced deficits in speech output, discourse difficulties, behavioral changes, increased caregiver burden.
early stages
later stages
mid stages
47
Which biomarker is indicative of Alzheimer's disease in individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)?
Increased auditory sensitivity
Presence of beta-amyloid plaques
Elevated blood pressure levels
Lowered metabolic rate in the brain
48
What is a key aspect of the person-centered approach in dementia care?
Using standardized assessment tools only
Implementing generic treatment plans
Focusing on individual needs and preferences
Maximizing cognitive decline
49
Which of the following is an example of dementia categorized by brain pathology?
Chronic pain-associated dementia
Diabetes-related dementia
Alzheimer's disease
Depression-induced dementia
50
Dementia is characterized by acquired and persistent impairment across multiple cognitive domains. Which is NOT included
Attention
Personality
Language
Vision
51
MCI was originally used to describe early changes in _____ but can be caused by various conditions
Dementia
Alzheimer's Disease
52
Vascular dementia coexists with
Alzheimer's disease(aka mixed dementia)
MCI
NCD
53
Episodic memory impairment is common
False
True
54
What demographic group shows higher rates of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) according to prevalence studies?
Married individuals
Women
Individuals with lower education levels
Unmarried individuals
55
Which is Mild Cognitive Impairment
MCI
MCC
NCD
MCD
56
What is the etiology of Vascular Dementia primarily attributed to?
Environmental pollutants
Inherited genetic factors
Chronic inflammatory conditions
Various vascular pathologies affecting blood flow to the brain
57
Cognitive and behavioral symptoms=
interrupt perception
mess with the mind
impair work/ daily abilities
58
Individuals with MCI show deficits
comprehension/discourse processing
naming
word retrieval
verbal fluency
59
Huntington's Disease (HD) affects approximately:
1 in every 10,000 persons
1 in every 100,000 persons
1 in every 1 million persons
1 in every 1,000 persons
60
Not all individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment progress to dementia. What increases the likelihood of conversion?
Younger age at diagnosis
Higher education level
Presence of psychiatric disorders
Greater cognitive deficits
61
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) can be an early manifestation of which neurodegenerative disease?
Alzheimer's disease
Huntington's disease
Multiple sclerosis
Parkinson's disease
62
Hesitations, slower speech rate, word-finding difficulties, grammatical errors.
Early-Stage
Late-Stage
Mid-Stage
63
Prevalence of MCI increases with:
Being married
Lower education levels
Higher rates in women
Genetic risk factors like APOE e4 allele
64
Prevalence of MCI include
having genetic risk factors (APOE e4 allele)
being unmarried
less education
Increase with age
65
What is Mild Cognitive Impairment?
associated with cognitive changes
cognitive decline beyond normal aging
cognitive decline before normal aging
associated with neurodegenerative changes
66
Which of the following are diagnostic markers used to aid in diagnosing MCI due to Alzheimer's disease?
Changes in cognitive decline, memory, and functional ability preservation
Blood pressure and heart rate
Bone density and muscle mass
Respiratory rate and lung function
67
MCI is classified under DSM-V
False
True
68
Significant memory deficits, dependency for all needs, impaired speech.
Mid-Stage
Late-Stage
Early-Stage
69
Dementia is not a specific disease
True
False
70
Which of the following is a diagnostic marker used for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease?
Changes in functional ability
Changes in memory
Blood pressure measurements
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
71
What neurological signs are commonly observed in individuals with vascular dementia?
Muscle weakness and numbness
Memory lapses and forgetfulness
Slurred speech and tremors
Slow gait and altered balance
72
Which language deficit in individuals with MCI may predict progression to dementia?
increased verbal fluency
Improved word retrieval
Impaired discourse processing
Enhanced comprehension
73
Common neuropsychological deficits observed in individuals with MCI include impairment in:
Taste perception
Motor skills
Visual acuity
Executive function
74
Which tool is commonly used for cognitive screening in individuals suspected of dementia?
Blood pressure monitoring
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Physical fitness assessment
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
75
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of dementia?
Impairment across multiple cognitive domains
Acute onset with rapid progression
Significant limitations in daily activities
Involvement of language and executive functions
76
Memory impairment with impairment in other cognitive domains.
Amnestic single domain
Nonamnestic single domain
Amnestic multidomain
Nonamnestic multidomain
77
Fluent but slower and halting speech, vocabulary loss, comprehension deficits
Late-Stage
Mid-Stage
Early-Stage
78
Which of the following is a specific criterion for diagnosing Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (MCI)?
Manifests primarily as delirium
Significant decline affecting activities of daily living (ADLs)
Attributed primarily to schizophrenia
Cognitive decline of at least 1 standard deviation below the norm
79
Which of the following is NOT a specific criterion for diagnosing Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (MCI)?
Typically 1 or more standard deviations below the norm
Attributed to other factors like delirium or schizophrenia
Not attributed to other factors like delirium or schizophrenia
Significant cognitive decline affecting activities of daily living
80
Which cognitive domain is primarily affected in Alzheimer's disease during the mid-stage?
Executive function
Visuospatial skills
Episodic memory
Language
81
MCI can be an early manifestation of Alzheimer's disease
False
True
82
Not all individuals with MCI progress to dementia
False
True
83
Which lifestyle factor is NOT associated with an increased risk of developing Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)?
Hypertension
Smoking
Physical inactivity
Regular social engagement
84
Dementia criteria include impairment in at least 2 areas: acq new info, reasoning, judgment, visuospatial skills
True
False
85
MCI is changes...
Short term memory
memory and thinking
Writing skills
Reading comprehension
86
Which of the following is a biomarker used to aid in diagnosing MCI due to Alzheimer's disease?
Beta-amyloid plaques
Heart rate variability
Respiratory rate
Changes in taste perception
87
What is the primary purpose of using picture description tasks in clinical practice?
To assess memory
To measure motor skills
To evaluate expository discourse
To test hearing impairments
88
criteria for diagnosing mild neurocognitive disorder is...
Similar to MCI
Similar to NCD
different than MCI
Different than NCD
89
Which cognitive domain is primarily affected in individuals with Alzheimer's disease during the early stages?
Language
Visuospatial skills
Episodic memory
Executive function
90
Individuals with MCI commonly show deficits in:
Auditory localization
Olfactory discrimination
Color perception
Verbal fluency
91
Which variant of Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) is characterized by personality changes and disinhibition?
Semantic variant
Motor variant
Nonfluent/Agrammatic variant
Behavioral variant
92
What is a significant risk factor for developing Vascular Dementia (VD)?
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Family history of Alzheimer's disease
Regular physical exercise
Hypotension (low blood pressure)
93
Which type of dementia is associated with abnormal protein deposits in the brain?
Parkinson's disease dementia
Alzheimer's disease
Huntington's disease
Vascular dementia
94
Which type of Primary Progressive Aphasia is characterized by severe anomia & impaired comprehension @ single-word level
Nonfluent/Agrammatic (nfvPPA)
Semantic (svPPA)
Logopenic (lvPPA)
None of the above
95
Vascular Dementia (VD) is characterized by:
Atrophy in the caudate nucleus and putamen
Beta-amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles
Inherited autosomal dominant gene mutation
Abrupt or gradual onset related to cerebrovascular events
96
Alzheimer's disease symptoms are similar to syndromic MCI but have underlying biological changes
False
True
97
Which risk factor is NOT associated with an increased prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)?
Regular physical exercise
Hypertension
Smoking
Diabetes
98
What is a key goal of intervention strategies in dementia care?
To sustain abilities and improve quality of life
To eliminate all neuropsychological deficits
To delay progression to Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)
To reverse cognitive decline completely
99
Which intervention strategy is commonly used to facilitate word retrieval in individuals with dementia?
Montessori-Based Interventions
Snoezelen Therapy
Reminiscence Therapy (RT)
Spaced Retrieval Training (SRT)
100
What is a characteristic feature of Vascular Dementia (VD) compared to Alzheimer's Disease (AD)?
Presence of beta-amyloid plaques
Primarily affects episodic memory
Slow gait and altered balance are rare
Poorer verbal fluency

Geriatric's Final Flashcards | StudBud