Retrieval is when info is passed on from the ____ to ____

Long term memory, short term memory

The Principal of Parsimony states...

That the most simplest statement is the one to accept

What are Opiates (narcotics) responsible for?

Reduce feelings of anxiety and panic, reduces pain & induce extremely intense feelings of euphoria

similar sounding words/words that start with same letter,can’t retrieve word you want is called

The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

A disorder; temporary inability to breathe during sleep

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?

Giving children candy for completing their homework

The Frontoparietal network is associated with what?

Planning for the future, as well as the control of attention

The study of behaviour, thought, experience

Which of the following is true?

A coma is a state marked by a complete loss of consciousness, Persistent Vegetative; state of minimal to no consciousness

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Psych Exam (PSYA01) Flashcards | StudBud

Psych Exam (PSYA01)

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Questions 324

Answers

1
Responsible for performing unconscious actions
Pons
Medulla
Spinal cord
Hindbrain
2
When specialized receptors transform physical energy of the outside world into neural impulses
Transduction
Perception
Neuroception
Production
3
Retrieval is when info is passed on from the ____ to ____
Long term memory, sensory memory
Sensory memory, short term memory
Long term memory, short term memory
Sensory memory, long term memory
4
When a weak connection between neurons is stimulated at the same time as a strong connection…
Nothing happens
The weak becomes stronger while the strong becomes weaker
Weak becomes strengthened
Strong becomes weakened
5
Explaining behaviour as a product of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors is...
Sociocultural Model
Psychosocialbiological Model
Psychosocial Model
Biopsychosocial Model
6
How closely the changes in one variable are linked to changes in another variable is....
Frequency
all of the above
Magnitude (or strength)
none of the above
7
Which hemisphere is responsible for specialized subjects like language and math
Right
Middle
None of the above
Left
8
An Algorithin is problem-solving strategies based on series of rules
False
True
9
The Principal of Parsimony states...
That the most scientific is the one to accept
That the most general statement is the one to accept
That the most simplest statement is the one to accept
That it doesn't matter which one we accept
10
A major perceptual centre of the brain involved in perceiving what we hear
Sensory auditory cortex
Primary Auditory cortex
Perception
Volley principle
11
Taste aversions seem to be specific examples of what type of learning?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Vicarious learning
Insight learning
12
Emotional memory is when emotion is a highlighter for memories, making them easier to retrieve
False
True
13
Genes are organized along…
DNA
Chromatin
Chromosomes
Ribosomes
14
What are Opiates (narcotics) responsible for?
speeding up the activity;enhancing wakefulness and alertness
Reduce feelings of anxiety and panic
reduces pain & induce extremely intense feelings of euphoria
15
Functions in the sensation and perception of taste
all of the above
Gustatory system
Primary taste
Olfactory system
16
The average of a set of numbers
median
mean
medium
mode
17
Involves examining an issue or behaviour without performing measurements of the variables is..
Correlation research
Qualitative research
Statistical research
Quantitative research
18
Method of loci=mnemonic tht connects words to be remembered to locations along a familiar path
True
Tralse
None of the above
False
19
Distance cues that are based on the differing perspectives of both eyes
Retinal disparity
Stereoscopic vision
Monocular cues
Binocular depth cues
20
Contributes to wakefulness and plays a role in dreaming
Medulla
Forebrain
Midbrain
Pons
21
similar sounding words/words that start with same letter,can’t retrieve word you want is called
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
The forgetting phenomenon
The phenomenon phenomenon
The retrieval phenomenon
22
Constructive memory is the process where we recall a generalized schema& add specific details
True
False
Constructive memory isn’t a thing lol
Constructive memory are from constructive criticisms
23
What is sleep Apnea
All of the above
A disorder where an individual is unable to dream
A disorder; temporary inability to breathe during sleep
where an individual experiences extreme daytime sleepiness
24
Responsible for details in movement, maintaining balance and motor skills
Medulla
Midbrain
Pons
Cerebellum
25
Referring to a general set of beliefs of a particular culture at a specific time in history is?
Psychophysics
Dualism
Materialism
Zeistgeist
26
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Removing a child's chores when he or she completes homework
Taking away privileges if a child does not follow rules
Giving children candy for completing their homework
Ending class 10 minutes early if students complete homework
27
A failure to notice clearly visible events or objects because attention is directed elsewhere
Divided attention
Selective attention
Inattentional blindness
Intentional blindness
28
The Frontoparietal network is associated with what?
Dreaming and the unconscious (It’s a key part of hypnosis)
Speech, Language and Grammar
Planning for the future, as well as the control of attention
None of the above
29
Repeating info until you don’t need to remember it anymore is called…
Repetition
Studying
Cramming
Rehearsal
30
Primary inhibitor neurotransmitter of the nervous system & prevents action potentials
Cortisol
Cortisol
Glutamate
GABA
31
Part of the neuron that contains the nucleus that houses genetic material is...
Nucleus
Dendrites
Soma
Chromatin
32
The study between physical world&mental representation of that world is?
Psychophysics
none of the above
Psychoanalytic
Psychoanalysis
33
A technique that can be used to acquire highly detailed images of the brain
PET
MEG
EEG
MRI
34
Executive processing involves processes such as the control of attention and problem solving
False
True
35
What is a behaviour change that occurs as a result of being observed called?
Double blind study
all of the above
Hawthorne effect
Single-blind study
36
A sensory system in the ear that provides info about spatial orientation of the head
Vestibular sack
Sympathetic system
Vestibular system
Central nervous system
37
Consists of specialized receptors that absorb light and send signals of light to the brain
Cornea
Pupil
Iris
Retina
38
What happens during the first stage of sleep?
REM sleep begins
Sleep spindles and K complexes form
Theta waves form
The brain produces delta waves
39
The mechanism for transmitting info in the brain
Interduction
Resting potential
Action potential
Transduction
40
What is Psychology?
all of the above
The study of external influences impacting a person's life
The study of the mind and body working in unison
The study of behaviour, thought, experience
41
Detects magnetic fields surrounds the skull&detect minute changes in brain activity
Magnetoencephalography
fMRI
PET scans
Eletroencephalogram
42
An experimental design where we compare performance of participants in diff groups is called
Compare-contrast design
Subjects-between design
Contrast-compare design
Between-subjects design
43
a combination of ability, morality, and achievement is...
Eminence
The principle of Parsimony
Determinism
Structuralism
44
Specialize cells in the nervous sys. that are involve in mounting immune responses in the brain
Somatic cells
Glial cells
Glial and stem cells
Stem cells
45
The auditory form of sensory memory that holds info for 5-10 seconds is called…
Iconic memory
Echoic memory
Auditory memory
Episodic memory
46
Involved in functions of mood, control of voluntary movement, and rewarding experiences
Dopamine
Norepinepherine
acetylcholine
Serotonin
47
Stimulates the pituitary gland & produces hormones
Prefrontal cortex
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Adrenal gland
48
Which of the following is true?
A coma is a state marked by a complete loss of consciousness
Persistent Vegetative; state of minimal to no consciousness
a state marked by a complete loss of consciousness
state of minimal to no consciousness
49
an interconnected set of nodes (or concepts) and the links that join them to form a category
Node network
Categorization web
Semantic Network
Automatic network
50
Stimulation of specialized receptors that convert light into interpretable messages
Photoreceptors
Saturation
Accomodation
Transduction
51
Just noticeable difference between stimuli changes as a proportionality of the stimuli
um
False
True
no
52
The minute space between the terminal button and the dendrite
Potential threshold
Nerve cell
Synaptic cleft
Neurons
53
What is memory?
Long-term and short-term memory
systems store info in diff forms for diff amounts of time
Systems that help us encode info at a given time
Systems that help us retrieve info at a given time
54
The concept of latent learning was developed by ______
Tolman
Skinner
Throndike
Watson
55
What helps explain why some category members make better example than others
Simplistic advantage
Primary advantage
Main advantage
First advantage
56
Adjusts the size of a pupil, and gives the eye colour
Lens
Iris
Pupil
Cornea
57
language disorder caused by damage to part of brain responsible for understanding language
Aphasia
Phonological disorder
Wernicke’s area
Broca’s area
58
In classical conditioning responses involved tend to be___, but in operant they are ___.
Reinforced; punished
Voluntary; reflexive
Punished; reinforced
Reflexive; voluntary
59
The variable that the experimenter manipulates to distinguish between 2+ groups is called
Dependent variable
Manipulative variable
Independent variable
Distinguishing variable
60
Empiricism is...
Philosophy of living life through your experiences
theory of experience enabling us to think more critically
A philosophical tenet that knowledge come through experience
A philosophical motto of yolo
61
Hypnosis is based on an interaction between
All of the above
None of the above
The conscious and unconscious mind
The automatic and supervisory system
62
Which part of the brain is involved in emotional processing/responding?
Cerebellum
Frontal lobe
Sensory cortex
Amygdala
63
Reconsolidation= hippocampus updates/strengthens/modifies existing long term memories
This process is actually consolidation
This process is actually recollection
FALSE
TRUE
64
Structuralism definition: The study of the purpose & function of behaviour&conscious experience
True
no
False
You're wildin
65
The study of nonlinguistic elements of language use
Programatics
Languanatics
Linguistimatics
Pragmatics
66
Which kind of emotion improves memory the most?
All kinds of emotion
Positive emotions
Negative emotions
Neutral emotions
67
Fetch info from body and bring it to the brain
Sensory neurons
None of the above
Motor neurons
Aon terminals
68
To look within is....
Interspection
Inception
Extrospection
Introspection
69
___ prolonging exposure to info by repetition, ___ is prolonging exposure info understanding it
Elaborative rehearsal, coordinated rehearsal
Maintenance rehearsal, elaborative rehearsal
Repetition, understanding
Maintenance rehearsal, coordinated rehearsal
70
Correlation research is...
Measurable degree of association between 2 or more variables
Measurable degree of corelation between 2 or more variables
Measurable degree of conherence between 2 or more variables
all of the above
71
__ enhances or mimics the activity of a neurotransmitter
Drugs
Antagonist
Agonist
idk
72
The central nervous system consists of the
Brains & Neurons
Forebrain & Spinal
Brains & Spinal cord
Midbrain & Hindbrain
73
___ Making judgements of likelihood based on how well an example represents specific category
Representativeness heuristic
Conjunction fallacy
Anchoring effect
Availability heuristic
74
The Anchoring effect occurs when an individual attempts to solve a problem involving _ using _:
Previous knowledge, language
Numbers, previous knowledge
Previous knowledge, Numbers
Language, Previous Knowledge
75
What is REM behavior disorder
Individuals cannot dream
Individuals cannot fall into a deep sleep
Individuals act out the content of their dreams
Individuals become paralyzed while dreaming
76
region of left frontal lobe that controls ability to articulate speech sounds that make words
Darwin’s area
Wernicke’s area
Broca’s area
Riemann’s area
77
Bottom down processing is when we use prior knowledge to form a perception
False
True
what
no
78
Study of DNA and the ways in which specific genes are related to behaviour…
Behaviourism
Natural selection
Behavioural genomics
Evolution
79
What is the difference between biological and psychological influences?
bio: Human genetics, psy: mind, body, soul
bio: evolution on earth, psy: developmental stages of life
bio:our cellular makeup, psy: is your interpretation of life
bio: our behaviour, psy: how emotions shape us
80
Genetics are the basic units of….
Heredity
Biological psychology
Genotypes
DNA
81
Autonomic nervous system consists of the
Sympathetic & Skeletal
All of the above
Sympathetic & Parasympathetic
Impulse & Control
82
What is one out of the four temperaments made by Galen
Phlegmatic
Sanguanine
Tempurpedic
Cholesterolic
83
Disadvantages of sexual selection
Difficulty to look desirable
Attracts predators
all of the above
Attractiveness is heredity
84
Recalling the 1st few items easily= ______ and remembering the last few items easily= _____
Primary effect, secondary effect
First effect, second effect
Primary effect, recency effect
First effect, recent effect
85
In general, studying is more effective when
Desirable difficulties are present
All of the studying occurs in one long session
Info is organized in outlines that can quickly be reviewed
The total amount of studying time is short
86
____ is an example of a primary reinforcer, whereas ___ is an example of a secondary reinforcer
A gold star; cupcake
Money; receiving an A+
A cupcake; a certificate of achievement
Water; food
87
What is a concept?
clusters of interrelated ideas
An explanation for a broad range of observations
the mental representation of an object event, or idea
A testable prediction about processes being observe &measure
88
What is NOT true about basic-level category
They are the easiest to pronounce
They are the terms most often used in convos
They’re at the level where most thinking occurs
They are above the level at which prototypes exist
89
States that we perceive colour in terms of opposing pairs
Trichromatic theory
Dark adaptation theory
Opponent- process theory
Wavelength theory
90
Phantom limb sensations are experienced by amputees who report pain in absent limbs
True
False
91
Reinforcement is delivered after a specific number of responses have been completed
Fixed-interval schedule
Variable-interval schedule
Fixed-ratio schedule
Variable-ratio schedule
92
Proactive interference is....
Physical activity interferes with memory processes
Active info overshadows inactive info
New info overshadows older info that hasn’t made it to LTM
1st info occupies memory, leaving fewer space for newer info
93
What is the first stage of the scientific model?
gather past, present and future studies about the topic
look at the stars
Investigate the knowledge of people relevant to the study
gather knowledge about the topic that we're investigating.
94
Which is NOT part of the Working Memory Model?
The episodic buffer
The visuospatial sketchpad
The central executive
The phonological loop
95
In classical conditioning, a(n) _____ becomes a(n) _____, which elicits a response.
neutral stimulus; unconditioned stimulus
unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus
neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus
unconditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus
96
third unmeasured variable is responsible for a well-established correlation between 2 variables
Third variable interference
Third variable problem
Third variable theory
Third variable method
97
Serves as the brain’s central region for processing smells
Olfactory nerve
Olfactory sensation
Olfactory system
Olfactory bulb
98
A subtype of amnesia → inability to form new memories after the brain injury is called...
Retrograde amnesia
Amnesia
Cross-cortical amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
99
A technique intended to improve memory for specific info is called a…
Study skill
Memoranics
Mnemonic
Memory mechanism
100
What happens during the second stage of sleep?
Sleep spindles and K complexes form
The brain produces delta waves
Theta waves form
REM sleep begins
101
Hormone that drives physical and sexual development and is linked to social aggression
Morphine
Serotonin
Testosterone
Glutamate
102
What is the third stage of the scientific literacy model?
we also look for alternative explanations for the results
Get funds to pay for study
Write your study paper and submit it to the Science Counsil
examine limitations of the studies discussed earlier
103
The degree to which scores are dispersed in a distribution is...
Validity
The bell curve
Central Tendency
Variability
104
Whorfian hypothesis is the theory that
Our genetics determines how we understand the world
Our culture determines how we understand the world
the language we use determines how we understand the world
Our social class determines how we understand the world
105
Determinism is....
all events R governed by lawful, cause&effect relationships
events that occur are planned by an all knowing being
Belief that all events are meditated upon society
that society drives the way people interact
106
Availability heuristic;individual solves a problem involving number&uses a previous knowledge
False
True
107
Technique in which every individual of a population has an equal chance of being included is..
Inclusiveness
Chance sampling
Convenience sampling
Random sampling
108
Declarative memory has 2 varieties…
Echoic and iconic
Episodic and semantic
Semantic and iconic
Episodic and iconic
109
Problem-solving strategies that stem from prior experiences
Mental set
Algorithims
Heuristics
Functional Fixedness
110
Top down processing is when our perception is influenced by prior knowledge
nah
Most definitely false
True
False
111
If values are positive, the two variables change values in the same direction...
Spectrum
Direction
Frequency
Degree
112
The 50th percentile is...
medium
mean
median
mode
113
A condition in which specific auditory is pleasurable
Auditory expectation
Sense perception
Asmr
Olfactory epithelium
114
Measures patterns of brain activity with the use of multiple electrodes attached to the scalp
Electroencephalogram
Magnetoencephalography
PET scans
fMRI
115
The finding that taking practice tests improve exam performance is called…
The testing effect
The study effect
The retention effect
The practice effect
116
Jane sits in front of a computer, staring at letters flashing on the screen. This is
Lexical decision task method
Frequency effect
Priming
Phonological priming
117
Refers to the radiation that occupies a relatively narrow band of electromagnetic spectrum
Light
Amplitude
Wavelength
Frequency
118
Detection of raw external events with sense organs & turning those stimuli into neural signals
Preception
Sensation
Processing
Organization
119
What are the 3 memory stores?
Long-term, short-term, and medium-term memory
Long-term, short-term, and iconic memory
Long-term, short-term, and episodic memory
Long-term, short-term, and sensory memory
120
Regulates stress responses
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Norepinepherine
Serotonin
121
observations, developing theories to explain them, and creating predictions is called...
An experiment
Scientific literacy
hypothesis
Scientific method
122
where participants don’t know true purpose of study/treatment they are receiving is called
Blind study
Double blind study
Triple blind study
Single blind study
123
Behavioural genetics is the study of how genes and environment influence behaviour
idk
True
False
Not important
124
Retroactive interference is…
1st info occupies memory, leaving fewer space for newer info
New info overshadows older info that hasn’t made it to LTM
Physical activity interferes with memory processes
Active info overshadows inactive info
125
Genes are composed of DNA containing…
Neurons
Amino acids
Chromatin
Chromosomes
126
Ability to perceive objects as having constant shape, size, and colour
Size constancy
colour constancy
Perceptual consistency
Shape consistency
127
increase in connectivity/transmission of neural signals between nerve cells tht fire together
Long term neurotransmitting
Long term transmission
Long term connectivity
Long term potentiation
128
Urination and heart rate is an example of
Infradian rhythm
This is not an example of a biological rhythm
Ultradian rhythm
Circannual rhythm
129
Gestalt Psychology emphasizes that the individuals are greater than the whole
idk
False
True
who care
130
statement that describe the procedure&specific measures that are used to record observation is?
Reliability
Objective measurements
Operational definitions
Operant conditioning
131
Two or more groups that are compared are selected based on predetermined characteristics is....
Qualitative research
Quasi-experimental research
Quantitative research
Within-subjects designs
132
The most basic unit of speech sounds is
Phonemes
Spenomes
Morphemes
Semantics
133
What category of drug does marijuana fall into?
All of the above
Narcotics
Hallucinogenic
Stimulant
134
Which part of the brain is associated with encoding LTM?
Amygdala
Neutral emotions
All kinds of emotion
Negative emotions
135
Punishment ___ the chances of the behaviour occurring again
Increases
Decreases
136
Reuptake is the process in which neurotransmitter molecules are ______ in synapses
Excreted
Released
Absorbed
Produced
137
group that doesn’t receive the stimuli and serves as the baseline for the experiment is called
Experimental group
Base group
Control group
Dependent group
138
Produce painkilling and euphoric effects
Morphine
Dopamine
Endorphin
Ecstasy
139
_____ are substances that affect thinking, behaviours, perception, and emotion
Psychoactive drugs
Hallucinogens
Stimulants
Narcotics
140
__ is a theory that claims that objects or events are categorized according to a certain set of
Concept Categorization
Classical categorization
Graded membership
Sentence-verification
141
A statistical method of evaluating whether differences among groups are meaningful,or by chance
Hypothesis test
Prediction analysis
Falsifiable test
Theory experiment
142
Escape Learning
Removes the possibility that a stimulus will occur
Strengthening a behavior bc it removes/diminishes a stimulus
Removes a stimulus that is already present
Behavior decreases bc it removes/diminishes a stimulus
143
____ is any rhythm that occurs over a period of time longer than a day
Ultradian rhythm
Circannual rhythm
Circadian rhythm
Infradian rhythm
144
Descriptive statistics is...
Explanation that validates the phenomenon
Techniques used to draw conclusions from the data collected
The conclusion of the overall study being conducted
Techniques used to organize, summarize, and intrepret data
145
Examining an issue of behaviour by using numerical measurements and/or statistics is...
Quantitative research
Qualitative research
none of the above
Correlation research
146
According to the psychoanalytic approach, the imagery of our dreams can take two forms:
Manifest Content and Latent Content
Activation Content and Synthesis Content
Activate and Synthesize Content
Manifest Content and Latex Content
147
Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis suggests that dreams arise from brain activity originating..
rom excitatory messages from the pons, part of the Hindbrain
excitatory messages from frontal lobes part of the brainstem
None of the above
activity originating from excitatory messages from the pons
148
The number of cycles of a sound wave travels per second and measured in Hertz
Amplitude
Lapse
Frequency
Convergence
149
Which one of these is not a social factor?
personality
ethnicity/culture
peers
Family
150
Minimum amount of energy or quantity of stimulus required for it to be detected 50% of the tim
none of the above
Difference Threshold
Just noticeable difference
Absolute threshold
151
Functions as a relay station between sensory and motor areas
Hindbrain
Forebrain
Midbrain
Cerebellum
152
The study of learning was not limited to classical conditioning is ....
Simplistic behaviourism
Humanistic psychology
Behaviourism
Radical behaviourism
153
The difference in relative position of an object as seen by both eyes, focusing on depth
Stereoscopic vision
Binocular depth cues
Monocular cues
Retinal disparity
154
Theory that maintains colour vision which is determined by long, medium and short wavelengths
Opponent-process theory
Dark adaption theory
Wavelength theory
Trichromatic theory
155
Involved in regulating mood, sleep and appetite
Norepinepherine
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Dopamine
156
Critical for learning and memory, and formation of new memories
Hippocampus
Thalamus
Cerebellum
Hypthalamus
157
A ___ reinforcer is any reward that satisfies a basic, motivational need
Secondary
Negative
Token
Primary
158
Being raised as a member of a family that wasn’t of the same species is…
Cross-natured
Cross-cultured
Cross-adopted
Cross-fostered
159
Mental set obstacle when an individual attempts to apply a routine solution to a new problem
True
False
160
What is peer review?
papers are critiqued by experts in the specific field study
papers are critiqued by experts in any field of study
Process where papers are critiqued by experts
Process where papers are critiqued by publishers
161
The rules for combining words and morphemes into meaningful phrases is called
Synapse
Synactic
Syntaxtic
Syntax
162
____- Reflects the mistaken belief that finding a specific member in two overlapping categories
Representativeness heuristic
Availability heuristic
Conjunction fallacy
Anchoring effect
163
What is the fourth stage of the scientific literacy Model?
apply the results to situations outside of the laboratory.
Apply the results in the laboratory before going outside
Confirming the results by lab testing
Going outside and then going to the lab to confirm results
164
biological rhythms become synchronized to external cues such as light + temperature
Environmental Mechanism
Environmental Rhythms
Entrainment
Endogenous Rhythms
165
The memory of specific experiences is….
Experiential memory
Episodic memory
Exponential memory
Emotional memory
166
The reduction of activity in sensory receptors with repeated exposure to a stimulus
Sensory perception
Sensory adaptation
Sensory reception
Sensory production
167
Presenting a stimulus to a person that decreases the probability of a response is known as
Vicarious punishment
Negative reinforcement
Negative punishment
Positive punishment
168
The ____ can change shape to adjust to light
Iris
Retina
Cornea
Lens
169
Which of these drugs are NOT a stimulant
Ecstasy
Caffeine
Cocaine
LSD
170
Near-sightedness or myopia occurs when the eyeball is slightly
Elongated
Short
all of the above
none of the above
171
Classical conditioning is learning by…
Visualizing
Reading
Memorizing
Associating
172
_____ amplitude waves are seen as dim colours
Medium
none of above
Low
High
173
What is an example of long term effect of Ecstasy?
Reduce connectivity between areas temporal&parietal lobe
Impairs sensitivity of visual regions in the occipital lobes
Blocks receptors for glutamate
174
The results of a laboratory study can be applied or repeated in the natural environment is...
Naturalistic validity
Ecological validity
Ecological sampling
Environmental validity
175
An approach that psychologist focus on the whole of perception&experience rather than its parts
Functionalism
Gestalt psychology
Cross-cultural psychology
Structuralism
176
the blank refers to the tendency to be impulsive, pleasure seeking, and charismatic
Zeitgeist
Choleric
Thymine
Sanguine
177
Which part of the brain is associated with encoding LTM?
Hippocampus
Cerebellum
Amygdala
Frontal lobe
178
Generalizability is....
The degree of the set of data being applied in an experiment
Results be applied to the control group of the experiment
Results be applied to other situations, individuals,or event
When a set of data proves the study to be true
179
Physical dependence is
A long term effect of drugs
The need to ward off unpleasant physical withdrawal symptoms
A short term effect of drugs
180
What is Materialism?
Is the consumption of material objects to fill a void
Material objects is the key to happiness in Western society
A trend in Western society to buy large amounts
Humans, are composed exclusively of physical matter.
181
Enhance or mimic the effects of a neurotransmitter’s action
Agonist
Edorphin
Cortisol
Antagonist
182
Releases stress hormones like, cortisol and epinepherine
Testosterone
Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Adrenal gland
183
In Pavlov's experiment, the bell was the...
Conditioned response
Unconditioned response
Unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned stimulus
184
Declarative memories are memories that we are consciously aware of and can be verbalized
This statement makes no sense
True
False
This statement is true for nondeclarative memories
185
An in-depth report about the details of a specific case is...
Peer review journal
Case study
Scientific journal
Scientific article
186
Photoreceptor that is sensitive to different wavelengths of light to perceive colour
Rods
Fovea
Pupil
Cones
187
The body needs to restore energy levels&repair wear&tear experienced during the day activities
Preserve and protect hypothesis
Synaptic energy hypothesis
Off and on hypothesis
Restore and repair hypothesis
188
A random sample is a select group of population members
none of the above
Tralse
True
False
189
Infantile amnesia is…
Phenomenon that we don’t remember anything from before age 2
When someone gets amnesia before age 2
Phenomenon that we don’t remember anything from before age 3
When someone gets amnesia before age 3
190
What is a theory of sleep?
Preserve and protect hypthesis
Synaptic energy hypothesis
Restore and repair hypothesis
Off and on hypothesis
191
what is the second stage of the scientific literacy model
Just do your experiment
Gather more intel because knowledge is the key to success
Give up and not contribute to society because plagarism
If the information on topic has been in scientific studies
192
Focus on studying only observable behaviour, no reference to mental events is??
Behavioural Conditioning
Behaviourism
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
193
a neurotransmitter that is involved in responses to rewarding, pleasurable feelings
Dopamine
Oxytocine
Serotonin
Endorphin
194
an “expert’s” claim even when no supporting data or scientific evidence is present is called
Appeal to expertise
Appeal to evidence
Appeal to hierarchy
Appeal to authority
195
What is sleep displacement?
Sleep displacement does not exis
An individual is prevented from sleeping at the normal time
individual is only able 2 sleep at a certain time each night
Occurs when an individual is only able to sleep through naps
196
When does REM sleep occur?
Stage 4
An hour after falling asleep
Stage 3
Stage 2
197
People integrate new stimuli based on
Cultural factors
Their past experiences
Social factors
The opinions of others
198
individual’s story about an observation/event that is used to make claim as evidence is called
Individualistic evidence
Personal evidence
Anecdotal evidence
Bias evidence
199
Down regulation is when
receptors move further away from the synapse
receptors move closer to the synapse
200
Peripheral Nervous System consists of the
Autonomic & Sympathetic
Sympathetic & Parasympathetic
Somatic & Autonomic
Somatic & Automatic
201
The biological predisposition to rapidly learn a response to a particular class of stimuli
Preparedness
Conditioned emotional response
Instinct
Third-person effect
202
Activity of nerve pathways that respond to uncomfortable stimulation
Nerve fribres
Kinesthesis
Haptics
Nociception
203
What is Alcohol myopia?
Abusing alcohol
Pay more attention to cues related to their desires&impulses
Using alcohol to reduce pain + stimulate reward centres
Fancy word for being drunk
204
dividing samples into 2+group where participants R equally likely to be placed in any condition
Condition assignment
Technical assignment
Random assignment
Specific assignment
205
The process of identifying where sound comes from
Sound localization
Sound conversion
Sound diversion
Sound differentiation
206
Attention is when info is passed on from the _____ to _____
Sensory memory, short term memory
Short term memory, long term memory
Sensory memory, long term memory
Short term memory, sensory memory
207
Junctions between nerve cells and skeletal muscles
Joints
Ligaments
Cortisol
Acetylcholine
208
The study by Elizabeth Loftus and John Palmer indicated that…
Change tone question altered ppl’s memories of the accident
Changing wording question altered ppl’s memory accident
Change of tone didn’t change ppl’s memories of the accident
wording didn’t change ppl’s memories of the accident
209
A flashbulb memory is…
A memory that is retrieved during deep thought
The conditions needed to retrieve important info
An extremely vivid/detailed memory about an event
The conditions surrounding how one learned about the event
210
Experience of pain interaction between nerves that transmit pain messages&inhibits the messages
Nociception theory
Gate-control theory
Fast fibre theory
Pain theory
211
To be a critical thinker, you have to...
Examine assumptions and biases
Be curious
Examine the nature and source of evidence
Avoid overly emotional thinking
212
The time and manner in which info is retained between encoding&retrieval is called…
Memory storage
Memory
Memory gap
Memory state
213
The George Sperling Experiment concluded that…
Info’s held for the same amount of time in any memory
None of the above
Info’s held longer in iconic memory than in echoic memory
Info’s held longer in echoic memory than in iconic memory
214
Neurons are responsible for…
Activating action potential
Sending and receiving messages in the body
all of the above
Providing the body with impulses
215
The number of observations that fall within a certain category or range of scores is...
Central Tendency
Spectrum
Frequency
none of the above
216
The category with the highest frequency is...
mode
mean
median
medium
217
The psychoanalytic approach is a theory of dreaming developed by:
John B Watson
Ernest Weber
James Mill
Sigmund Freud
218
The group in the experiment that receives the stimuli targeting a specific behaviour is called
Targeted group
Treatment group
Control group
Experimental group
219
___are circles that represent concepts
Prototypes
Nodes
Categories
Cones
220
What is a category?
A group of similar ideas and concepts
the mental representation of an object event, or idea
A web of ideas, hypotheses, and theories
clusters of interrelated concepts
221
The visual form of sensory memory that holds info for 0.5-1 seconds is called…
Visual memory
Iconic memory
Echoic memory
Episodic memory
222
_influence how categorize individual objects&how the objects in our world relate to one another
Genetics
Emotional factors
Social factors
Cultural Factors
223
observation/measurement that’s recorded during experiment&compared across all groups is called
Observable variable
Comparable variable
Dependent variable
Measurable variable
224
condition where memory for events b4 trauma/injury is lost (aka amnesia demonstrated in movies)
Anterograde amnesia
Conditional amnesia
Cross-cortical amnesia
Retrograde amnesia
225
Context-dependent memory= retrieval is more effective when it takes place in same place
False
True
226
Face blindness, inability to recognize faces, but can recognize facial features
Fusiform face area
Lateral geniculate nucleus
Prosopagnosia
Optic chiasm
227
What does Generalization show us?
That a topic can applies to anything and everything
That studies conducted in a lab are only applicable to psych
none of the above
Universities & hospitals can provide insight into behaviours
228
shows us that some members of a category are recognized faster than others
Sentence-verification
Concept Categorization
Graded membership
Classical categorization
229
What is a stimulant?
“downers” depress activity of the central nervous systems
reduce pain & induce extremely intense feelings of euphoria
substances that produce perceptual distortions
speed up nervous system, enhancing wakefulness and alertness
230
Choleric(yellow bile), tendency to be ambitious, energetic, and a bit aggressive
This statement is Phlegmatic
False
The right answer is Melancholic
True
231
This type of twins come from a single ovum making them identical
Dizygotic
Monozygotic
Prozygotic
Homozygotic
232
An approach interpreting human behaviour in terms of forces acting upon our distant ancestors
Evolutionary psychology
Darwinism
Ancestry psychology
Humanistic psychology
233
a tendency to be quiet, relaxed, and content with life is...
Phlegmatic
Socially Awkward
Happiness
Choleric
234
Extends from the visual cortex to the lower part of the temporal lobe
Ventral stream
Dorsal stream
Spinal Cord
Optic nerve
235
The control group in a lesioning stimulation is the
TMS group
Sham group
Lesion group
Pseudo group
236
Mood-dependent memory= ppl remember better their mood during retrieval&encoding are the same
False
True
237
Priming is the activation of multiple concepts in long term memory
False
True
238
organized cluster of memories tht constitute one’s knowledge/beliefs about events/objects/ideas
Is called self-schemas
Is called schemas
Is called infantiles
Is called self-infantiles
239
Scientific literacy is...
A peer reviewed journal
ability to understand, analyze, apply scientific information
The data collected by previous studies to form a new study
the ability to use critical thinking to develop/ write a lab
240
Which type of drug depresses activity of the central nervous systems
Hallucinogenic
Narcotics
Sedatives
Opiates
241
What is convenience sampling?
A select group of population members
Samples of individuals who are the most readily available
all of the above
The sample the researcher picks
242
Positively skewed distribution: the curve has an extended tail to the left of the cluster
none of the above
True
all of the above
False
243
Psychological dependence:
emotional need for a drug develops with physical dependence
emotional need 4 drug develops without physical dependence
244
Transports info from neuron to other neurons
Dendrites
Axon
Neurotransmitters
Soma
245
What is NOT true about DMT
used to help those addicted to tobacco + alcohol
Effects involve unwanted flashbacks
Blocks receptors for glutamate
Found in small amounts in the human system
246
The word “negative” in the term negative reinforcement refers to
The use of inappropriate stimuli
The removal of a stimulus
The unwanted conditioned behavior
The use of punishment
247
Population is...
The amount of people in a city, country or continent
The group that researchers wants to generalize about
A particular group being observed
Generalization of the society being studied
248
Somatic nervous system controls
Action potential
Neuron activity
Organs & glands
Skeletal muscles
249
Why are overdoses of some drugs are more common when they are taken in new environments?
Individuals are peer pressured when in new environments
This false, overdoses occur in old and new environments
When in a new envir neuro. don’t fire as often in old envir.
old envir. their bodies metabolize drugs before consumed
250
The STM can only rehearse 7±2 units of info b4 forgetting
False
True
The LTM can rehearse 7±2 units of info b4 forgetting
The STM can rehearse 10 units of info b4 forgetting
251
Which gene was tested whether its mutations affected language?
BOXP3
FOXP3
FOXP2
BOXP2
252
A neuron’s relatively stable state during which the cell is not transmitting messages
Energy potential
Resting potential
Charged potentail
Action potential
253
Hormone that reduces pain and induces pleasure
Endorphin
Morphine
Adrenal gland
Pituitary gland
254
Area of brain most associated with finding meaning of words
Darwin’s area
Wernicke’s area
Riemann’s area
Broca’s area
255
What is the definition of language?
Form of communication in reading/writing/learning form
Form of communication and expression
Form of communication in spoken/written/gestural form
Form of communication between different people
256
Organizing smaller units of info into larger, more meaningful units is called…
Memorization
Rehearsal
Organization
Chunking
257
What is a type of modern perspective that focuses on processes such as memory,thinking,language
Introspection
Behaviourism
Cognitive Psychology
Psychophysics
258
_ is when repeated use of a drug results in a need for a higher dose to get the intended effect
Physical dependence
Regulation
Psychological dependence
Tolerance
259
A variable outside of researcher’s control that may affect results is called
Confounding variable
Interfering variable
Affecting variable
Outlier variable
260
What is the serial position effect?
We only recall the items in the middle of the list
We remember only the things we want to remember
We don’t remember anything on the list
We recall the 1st few items on list&last few,but not middle
261
______ integration is the ability to combine sensations from vision or hearing
Integral
Synesthesia
Multimodal
Sensory
262
Processes pleasurable experiences associated with food
Primary gustatory cortex
Chemical sense
Taste perception
Secondary gustatory cortex
263
Encoding is when info is passed on from the ____ to ____
Sensory memory, long term memory
Sensory memory, short term memory
Short term memory, sensory memory
Short term memory, long term memory
264
Humans can detect sounds in the frequency range from
20-20000 Hz
10-100000 Hz
70-2000 Hz
300-200000 Hz
265
Standard deviation is....
A measure of variability around the median
A measure of variability around the mode
A measure of variability around the mean
A measure of variability around the data
266
Demonstrated that memory-a behaviour we can measure is related to activity the cellular level.
none of the above
Herb's Law
Hebb's Law
Herber's Law
267
Confirmation bias is when an individual
doesn’t search evidence; believe answer is already right
Searches only evidence that will confirm his or her beliefs
Confirm their evidence;multiple peers with the same beliefs
he or she has the solution 4 problem or the correct answer
268
Involved in smell-detection of airborne particles located in the nose
Olfactory epithelium
Olfactory system
Olfactory perception
Olfactory sensation
269
A hypothesis is an explanation for a broad range of observations that can be falsifiable
idk
False
True
fuck it
270
Refers to the observable characteristics
Homozygous
Pheontypes
Genotypes
Genes
271
A method in which responses are provided directly by the people who are being studied is.....
Qualitative research
Naturalistic research
Self reporting
Investigating
272
The field of psychology concentrating on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders
Medical Diagnostic
all of the above
Biomedical psychology
Clinical psychology
273
Field of study that explores how physical energy relates to psychological experience
Psychotherapy
None of above
Psychophysics
Psychoanalysis
274
The likeliness of anxiety in twins is greater in….
Dizygotic twins
This statement is false
Both are equally likely
Monozygotic twins
275
If the neurotransmitter binds to a receptor, it will trigger the…
Inhibitory & Inhibitors
Excitatory & Reuptake
Excitatory & Inhibitory
Reuptake & Inhibitors
276
Statedependent memory= encoding is more effective internal state matches state during retrieval
True
False
277
Unobtrusively observing&recording behaviour as it occur in the subjects natural environment is?
Integration analysis
Correlation research
Self-reporting
Naturalistic observation
278
What is the observed effect of bilingualism on children?
Smaller vocabulary
Higher grades
Greater vocabulary
Higher IQ
279
focuses on the individual,freedom to act,rational thought;belief that humans differ from animal
none of the above
Humanistic Psychology
Evolutionary Psychology
Ethical Psychology
280
the degree to which an instrument or procedure actually measures what it claims to measure is?
Prediction
Accuracy
Variable
Validity
281
participants respond in ways increasing chances that they will be viewed favourably by others
Social acceptance
Social desirability
Social effect
Social tendency
282
According to the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve, we forget ___ of the info learned within an hour
½
¼
All
¾
283
Critical to the process of learning and memory
Glutamate
Epinepherine
Cortisol
Serotonin
284
Layer that covers the front portion of the eye and contributes to the eye’s ability to focus
Sclera
Cornea
Pupil
Iris
285
Involved in multiple higher functions such as thought, language, and personality
Cerebral cortex
Hindbrain
Forebrain
Prefrontal cortex
286
Which of the following an example of a desirable difficulty when studying for a test?
Receiving an outline from the professor
Having the material in the lecture presented in a diff order
Cramming the night before
Oversleeping and waking up 10 minutes before a test
287
Major destination after the optic nerve is
Dorsal stream
ventral stream
Hindbrain
Optic chiasm
288
Extends from the pinna to eardrum
Auditory canal
Basilar membrane
Cochlea
Ossicles
289
What is social psychology?
none of the above
The study of the influence of other people on our behaviour
The study of interaction among other people on our behaviour
The study of the impact of other people on our behaviour
290
Misinformation effect is when info occurring after an event becomes part of the memory
False
True
291
The smallest meaningful unit of language is
Spenomes
Phonemes
Semantics
Morphemes
292
A memory store that accurately holds perceptual info for a very brief amount of time is…
Iconic memory
Sensory memory
Episodic memory
Echoic memory
293
The Melancholic (black bile) give you the tendency to...
Be extroverted, dependent, and pleasure seeking
Be loud, perfectionistic, and charismatic
Be quiet, charismatic, and independent
Be independent, perfectionistic, and a bit introverted
294
Central tendency is...
A measure of the central point of the data collected
A measure of the central point of a distributon
The frequency of the data collected
The average of a set of numbers
295
What are the two types of cognitive obstacles?
Functional and mental set
Functional set and mental fixedness
Functional and mental fixedness
Mental set and Functional fixedness
296
What is the study of different personalities characteristics influencing how we think and act
Hebb's Law
Psychology
Gestalt Psychology
Personality Psychology
297
Which type of learning is an organism’s behavior influenced by consequences?
Latent learning
Consequential learning
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
298
Playing the piano, walking, and tieing shoes are examples of…
Semantic memory
Muscle memory
Episodic memory
Procedural memory
299
the observation that some concepts appear to make better category members than others
Graded membership
Sentence-verification
Classical categorization
Concept Categorization
300
mental representations of an average category member
Prototypes
Classical Categorization
Main advantage
Semantic network
301
Consolidation= process of converting short-term memories into long-term memories
This process is actually called encoding
This is TRUE
This process is actually called retrieval
This is FALSE
302
Active, exploratory aspect of touch sensation and perception
Haptics
Nociception
nerve fibres
Kinesthesis
303
Hypnosis isa procedure inducing lowered state of suggestibility
False
True
304
False memories=remembering events that didn’t occur/recalling incorrect details about an event
True
False
305
_____ is when a measure provides consistent and stable answers across multiple observations....
Perseption
Generalizability
Objectivity
Reliability
306
Which is not a type of Frequency?
Exponential distribution
Negative skewed distribution
Positively skeweddistribution
Normal distribution
307
How does Cocaine increase energy and euphoria?
Reduces connectivity between temporal + parietal lobe
Stimulates the release of a high amount of serotonin
Blocks receptors for glutamate
cocaine inc. the amount of dopamine in the synapse
308
A procedure in which an electromagnetic pulse is delivered to a targeted region of the brain
MEG
PET
fMRI
TMS
309
What is NOT true about Ketamine
Found in small amounts in the human system
Originally designed as a surgical anesthetic
Its an example of a short acting hallucinogen
Induces memory loss
310
Which is NOT a factor of drug dependence
Level of education
Culture
Cognitive Factors
Genes
311
curiosity and skepticism in evaluating the claims of others along with our belief is?
Predictions
critical thinking
The doctrine of psychology
Social imagination
312
Nondeclarative memories are NOT actions/behaviours that u cn remember/perform w/o awareness
None of the above
This statement makes no sense
False
True
313
Consciousness is a person’s subjective awareness, including thoughts, perceptions, experiences
True
False
314
The theory that the language we use determines how we understand the world
Linguistic relativity
Whorfian hypothesis
Functional fixedness
Heuristics
315
Neurotransmitter released;neuron into the synapse&bind onto receptor on surface of other neuron
True
False
316
Whether a stimuli is perceived depends on bothe sensory experience and judgements
Hebb's theory
Ernst's theory
Signal detection theory
Weber's theory
317
A claim that appears to be sound, but lacks supporting scientific evidence is called
Appeal to common sense
Appeal to claim
Appeal to evidence
Appeal to knowledge
318
what is the field that draws comparisons about individual and group behaviours among culture?
Cross-cultural psychology
Humanistic psychology
Social psychology
Personality psychology
319
Learning that occurs, but is not expressed until later, is called
Discriminative learning
Observational learning
Classical conditioning
Latent learning
320
approach that attempts to explain how behaviour&personality influence by unconscious processes
Psychosocial
Psychological behaviourism
Psychoanalysis
Psychophysics
321
Basal ganglia affects people with
Tourrette's syndrome
Down syndrome
Alzheimers
All of the above
322
Monoamines are known to
Influence behaviour
Deal with stress
Influence mood
Help with biological processes
323
What is not a form of reliability?
Alternate-form reliability
Test-retest reliability
Intro-rater reliability
Inter-rater reliability
324
where both experimenter&participant don’t know the treatment for the individuals is called
Blind study
Triple blind study
Double blind study
Single blind study