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Earth Science Final
Earth Science Final
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Earth Science Final
Flashcards
83 cards
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1
What is the coolest layer of the Sun's atmosphere called?
Photosphere
Core
Corona
Chromosphere
2
What event is believed to have started the Universe?
The Milky Way Phenomenon
The Grand Slam
The Nebula Incredebula
The Big Bang
3
What are the northern and southern lights called?
australis
borealis
solar flares
auroras
4
What is a natural flow of groundwater to Earth’s surface is called?
well
spring
cone of depression
caprock
5
True or false: Furrowing is an effective farming method for conserving soil.
False
True
6
What is a depression on a volcano called that formed because the chamber under it emptied?
crater
cone
caldera
crust
7
Open spaces in rock must be connected in order for the rock to be ________.
pocketed
permeable
packed
porous
8
The amount of energy needed to change the temp. of 1 g of a substance by 1 degree C is ____.
Heat Unspecific
Unspecific heat
Heat specific
Specific heat
9
What is absolute magnitude?
The untrue brightness of a star
The brightness of a star as it appears from Earth
The brightness of a star as it appears from the Sun
The true brightness of a star
10
Radiation that has the longest wavelengths are called ____________.
radio waves
microwaves
visible light
ultraviolet waves
11
According to the Law of Superposition, the youngest rocks are ______________.
on the top
in the middle
in all layers
on the bottom
12
When is it believed that the Universe began?
Approximately 4.6 billion years ago
Approximately 1 billion years ago
Approximately 10 billion years ago
Approximately 14 billion years ago
13
Which of the following is an effect of air pollution?
pollen distribution
destruction of the ozone layer
volcanic ash dispersal
chlorofluorocarbons
14
An idea that explains related observations and is supported by a large body of evidence is ___.
a hypothesis
a law
a theory
an experiment
15
Why are phytoplankton the foundation of life in ocean water?
They are yummy for the tummy.
They are the base of the food chain.
They are at the top of the food chain.
They create a proper environment for all sea life.
16
What is a type of stress that pushes a body together called?
stress
tension
compression
strain
17
What is a cause of different colors?
Different temperatures of light
Different speeds of traveling light
Different spectra of light
Different wavelengths of light
18
What is the semi-solid plastic layer of the mantle is called?
mesosphere
lithosphere
core
asthenosphere
19
What is radioactivity?
another form of magnetism
stable atomic nuclei decay over time
unstable atomic nuclei decaying releasing energy
contamination of minerals
20
What kind of wind is narrow, moves at high speeds, and moves in the upper troposphere?
a convection current
a tradewind
a jet stream
a doldrum
21
What happens when the sun heats up both the land and water?
The land and water heat up at equal rates.
The land and the water cool down at equal rates.
The water heats up faster than the land.
The land heats up faster that the water.
22
What causes the curving of the ocean currents and winds in the Coriolis Effect?
The Earth's rotation
The Earth tilted on its axis
The Earth's orbit
The Earth's gravitational force
23
Which of the following is NOT a common agent of erosion?
water
gravity
wind
burrowing
24
What are density, color, and boiling point examples of?
chemical weathering
chemical properties
physical weathering
physical properties
25
As deep ocean water moves more towards the surface, it warms up and becomes ___________.
Less salty
Less dense
More salty
More dense
26
Dissolved solids in oceans from volcanoes, weathered rocks, and chemical reactions are ____.
Phosphorous
Sea salts
Potassium
Zinc
27
Characteristics of the chemical properties of matter ______________________.
can only be observed through experimentation
of subatomic particles can be observed
describe reactions between substances
can be observed without changing substances
28
What is needed for clouds to form?
condensation prevailing
condensation leveling
prevailing nuclei
condensation nuclei
29
How do scientists calculate the depth of the ocean floor with sonar?
They measure the volume of the sound wave.
They measure the distance the sound waves travel.
They measure the time it takes the sound wave to travel.
They measure the length of the sound wave.
30
What is the first source of energy in a food chain?
Small mammals
Plants
Sunlight
Insects
31
What is the force of attraction that exists among all matter in the universe called?
weight
pull
magnetism
gravity
32
What two elements must be present in a silicate?
silicon and quartz
silicon and sodium
silicon and oxygen
silicon and carbon
33
Which of the following is NOT a process of chemical weathering?
carbonation
exfoliation
acid precipitation
oxidation
34
Advective cooling is when the temperature of an air mass _____ as it moves over a cold surface.
increases
equals itself out
stays the same
decreases
35
What is sedimentary rock that is made of fragments which are compacted or cemented together.
organic
clastic
inorganic
chemical
36
What is a cone-shaped deposit of calcite on the ceiling of a cave called?
A cavern
A tavern
A stalactite
A stalagmite
37
Where are seamounts most likely to form?
trenches
hot spots
mid-ocean ridges
fracture zones
38
Which type of star is small, hot, dim, and is a leftover center from an old sun-like star?
A blue dwarf
A red dwarf
A white dwarf
A yellow dwarf
39
At what type of plate boundary do earthquakes occur at?
at a plate boundary where stress on rocks is greatest
at a plate boundary where stress on rocks is stressful
at a plate boundary where there is no stress on rocks
at a plate boundary where stress on rocks is least
40
How are scientists able to determine the composition and temperature of stars?
By analyzing the magnetism of the stars
By analyzing the matter from the surface of stars
By analyzing the light that the stars emit
By analyzing the vibrations of the stars
41
Parts of the water cycle include evaporation, condensation, and ____________.
transportation
perspiration
transpiration
hydration
42
What is isostasy?
gravity and buoyancy causing the atmosphere to rise
buoyancy overcoming gravity
gravitational and buoyant incongruity
gravitational and buoyant equilibrium
43
What is the cause of most of the sun's energy?
Nuclear fission
Nuclear fusion
Nuclear fishing
Nuclear finding
44
In a column the atoms of different elements usually have the same number of ______.
electrons
valence electrons
atomic numbers
mass numbers
45
What is the name of the tidal current that flows away from the ocean towards the coast?
Tidal wave
Ebb tide
Slack tide
Flood tide
46
The time difference between the P and S waves helps determine an earthquake’s _____.
focus
intensity
magnitude
epicenter
47
What are two main gases dissolved in ocean water?
Nitrogen and oxygen
Oxygen and Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide and hydrogen
Hydrogen and nitrogen
48
How is energy generated in a star’s core during the Main Sequence Stage?
Hydrogen fusing into helium
Carbon fusing into helium
Helium fusing into carbon
Helium fusing into hydrogen
49
What happens when the oceanic and continental lithospheres collide?
The oceanic plate uplifts
they reach isostasy
the continental plate subducts
the oceanic plate subducts
50
S waves are also known as _________.
Rayleigh waves
simple waves
secondary waves
compression waves
51
An air mass that begins over land and moves dry, warm air to the ocean is called ________.
continental polar
maritime tropical
maritime polar
continental tropical
52
What does the condensation level of a cloud mark?
The top of the cloud
The base of the cloud
The dew point of the cloud
The condensation nuclei of the cloud
53
Which of the following is not a type of foliated rock?
schist
gneiss
marble
slate
54
What is the force exerted by the leading edge of a subducting plate called?
convection
slab pull
tectonic plate drag
ridge push
55
What is the slope of a water table called?
it's gradient
it's discharge
it's saturation
it's load
56
When a large block of soil and rock becomes unstable and moves downhill in one piece it is ___.
slumping
a mudslide
a rockfall
a landslide
57
What is the process of different minerals melting at different temperatures?
partial melting
a meltdown
differential melting
complete melting
58
Where have clues to animal adaptions to climate change been found?
In ice cores
In tree rings
In fossils
In sea-floor sediment
59
What diagram is used to plot the surface temperature of a star against its luminosity?
The Wolf Diagram
The H-R Diagram
The Hager Diagram
The R-H Diagram
60
How is the atomic number of an atom determined?
By the number of protons
By the number of neutrons and electrons
By the number of neutrons
By the number of electrons
61
What instrument bounces radio waves off of rain or snow to determine precipitation levels?
A hygrometer
Doppler radar
A rain gauge
Radiosonde
62
A biological community of organisms and their physical environment is called a(n) ______.
ecology
hydrosphere
biosphere
ecosystem
63
An area where chemical weathering is obvious is called ______________________.
limestone topography
sinking topography
artesian topography
karst topography
64
What is the lowest point of a wave called?
A trough
A period
A crest
A frequency
65
What device is used by scientists to break up the sun's light into a spectrum?
A coronograph
A spectograph
A photograph
A chromograph
66
What kind of wind blows cool air from water to land?
land breeze
valley breeze
mountain breeze
sea breeze
67
Which type of winds are the main prevailing winds in the United States?
the doldrums
the westerlies
the easterlies
the tradewinds
68
The ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air needed to reach saturation is ______.
humidity
relative humidity
unrelative humidity
absolute humidity
69
What is a major cause of tides?
Earth's rotation
Earth's tilt
The gravitational pull of the sun
The gravitational pull of the moon
70
What type of climate has the fastest rate of weathering?
a climate that is cold and moist
a climate that is alternating hot and cold
a climate that is cold and dry
a climate that is hot and dry
71
What causes deep currents in the ocean?
Continental barriers
Differences in density of the ocean water
The Coriolis Effect
Global winds
72
What are oxidation, hydrolysis, acid precipitation, and carbonation examples of?
erosion
mechanical weathering
chemical weathering
abrasion
73
How do atoms form chemical bonds?
By transferring or sharing neutrons from one atom to another
By transferring or sharing valence electrons between atoms
by combining reactive chemical properties
By transferring protons from one atom to another
74
Why is most siliceous ooze found around Antarctica?
There are many foraminiferans there.
Because I said so!
There are large amounts of diatoms and radiolarians there.
There are large amounts of red clay there.
75
Which of the following does NOT affect the flow of groundwater through an aquifer?
porosity
weathering
gradient
permeability
76
What are counted in an atom to determine
mass number?
protons and neutrons
protons, neutrons, and electrons
electrons and neutrons
protons and electrons
77
Water moving from the nutrient rich section to the entire ocean during upwelling is moving how?
The answer is in the question!
Down
Sideways
Up
78
When ice freezes, latent heat is ________________.
sublimated
released
evaporated
absorbed
79
Which theory states climate change occurs because of Earth's orbit, tilt of axis, and wobble?
The Walden Theory
The Hager Theory
The Milankovitch Theory
The McDonald Theory
80
What evidence is there of Earth's revolution around the sun?
The Coriolis Effect
The different positions of stars over a period of hours
Foucault's Pendulem
The different positions of stars over a period of weeks
81
What is important about Hubble’s discovery of a red shift in the spectra of galaxies?
It suggests that the universe is expanding.
It suggests that the universe is contracting.
It suggests the existence of black holes.
It proves the big bang theory.
82
All landforms go through similar functions, they include ___________________________.
Gravity and exfoliation
Gravity and contouring
Erosion and uplift
Erosion and extraction
83
What is magma that is rich in magnesium and iron called?
felsic
unfoliated
mafic
foliated
