Unit 5 Earth Science

a measurement of the amount of radioactive material that an object contains

a massive, slow moving piece of Earth's curst that floats on the mantle

All are factors that cause soil to form: time, climate, weathering, topography, and living things on surface.

Transform boundaries are when two plates slide past each other. What can occur here?

thick, middle layer of dense, semi solid rock and solid rock

The sum of all the fossils or evidence of living things on Earth.

farmers plow along the curves of the land to prevent water from washing away soil; rows of garden look curved

Dating of events that places rock layers, geologic events and fossils in chronological order.

Types of Fossils: preserved sign of activity

mountains or hills formed by an opening in earth's surface where lava erupts

hot ball of solid iron and nickel

hot layer of liquid iron and nickel

Which of the following are human activities that affect soil resources?

What type of plate boundary causes subduction zones?

What type of plate boundary causes mountain ranges to form?

Density INCREASES as you travel from the crust to the inner core.

Layers of sedimentary rock are laid down in order in which they are deposited (top is newest; bottom is oldest)

theory that all land on earth was one giant mass named....

Earth's surface is always changing.

Types of Fossils: actual organism preserved in material that prevents it from disintegrating (bug in amber)

Types of Fossils: Mineralized impression of the organism left in sediment (dino footprint; leaf impression)

Which of the following are evidence of continental drift?

Most fossils form when an organism dies and is quickly covered by _________ for millions of years.

thin outer layer of rock/soil

A fossil that is used to identify or date the rock layer in which it was found.

pressure building up from magma and gasses in the crust cause volcanoes to erupt

igneous intrusions and faults that cut across rock layers are younger than the existing rock layers.

Which of the following are examples of weathering?

moving tectonic plates or volcanic eruptions cause earthquakes

the removal of weathered rock from one location and transporting to another

layer of the Earth that contains the crust, upper mantle, and tectonic plates

The movement of Earth's continents relative to one another. Scientists have evidence that continents move.

upper most mantle--semi solid, plastic like; tectonic plates sit on this and move on it like a conveyor belt

the breakdown of rocks into smaller fragments

plate boundary where the plates are moving towards each other; mountains, subduction zones with volcanoes

Convection currents in the mantle act like a conveyor belt to move the plates

plate boundary where the plates are moving away from each other; rifts and trenches form

occurs when sediment that has eroded is dropped in a new location

Types of Fossils: Mineralized sediment that fills the mold and recreates the shape of the remains.

consists of lowest layer of mantle; more rigid, solid

farmers plan crop on different levels on a hillside to maximize the area of useable land; looks like steps on a hill

how does a convection current form? its a game of density!

Paleontology is the study of ....