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PS 212 Final Exam Review CR
PS 212 Final Exam Review CR
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1
You have difficulty coping with stress, meeting goals, and managing anxiety, consistent with the Big Five trait of
extraversion
openness to experience
neuroticism
agreeableness
2
In order to deal with stress, it is important to be able to
complete all tasks yourself to make sure that they are done right.
delegate responsibility and authority.
avoid sharing your concerns with others.
avoid focusing on signs of personal burnout.
3
Referring to funerals as "homegoings," seeing death as a transition, and seeing a holistic life/death cycle are parts of
traditional Irish rituals meaningful for Irish-Americans today
traditional Italian rituals meaningful for Italian-Americans today
traditional Chinese rituals meaningful for Chinese-Americans today
traditional West African rituals meaningful for African-Americans today
4
Paraphrasing is
listening actively to the family's expressions.
asking questions about what the family said.
using leading questions to support families' making good choices.
using your own words to show families that you understood what they said.
5
10-year-old Richie bullies Joana, a classmate on whom he has a crush. Freud would call this behavior
reaction formation
displacement
sublimation
projection
6
When we use the behavioral technique of extinction, we can expect
an extinction burst where the undesired behavior increases & then stops.
immediate cessation of the undesired behavior.
intermittent, random decreases and increases in the undesired behavior.
rapid extinction of the behavior and then gradual recurrence.
7
Kellehear's idea of the compassionate city includes all of the following EXCEPT
a strong commitment to social and cultural differences
a closed circle of safety and support that prohibits outside interference
a commitment to spiritual and storytelling traditions
a focus on the needs of elders, bereaved, & those with serious illnesses
8
Another term for (informed) consent for a certain treatment is
assent.
inquiry.
rebuttal.
50% risk rule.
9
Nearing death, Selene looks back on her long life with satisfaction. She has resolved Erikson's psychosocial crisis of
generativity vs. stagnation
intimacy vs. isolation
integrity vs. despair
identity vs. role confusion
10
Disenfranchised grief relates to
losses that do not happen at fast food establishments.
losses that do not fit with our cognitive schemas.
losses that happen when we are not at home.
losses that are not socially acknowledged or supported by ritual.
11
The psychoanalytic technique of free association involves
sharing thoughts, feelings, images without censoring them.
getting a bonus session at the conclusion of each quarter.
joining a local group of psychoanalysis patients to share experiences.
hanging out with a diverse crowd and sharing about it in therapy.
12
In the mature understanding of death, universality refers to the fact that
death means that all life ceases.
death has clear and specific causes.
after dying, living things do not come back to life.
all living things die.
13
When a turtle joined the goldfish, Shari had to revise her existing view of aquarium inhabitants. Piaget called this
assimilation
accommodation
conservation
object permanence
14
The following quality is not helpful for funeral directors to display in arrangement interviews.
genuine humility
eagerness to demonstrate expertise and importance
self-awareness and reflection
sincere attention to family expression
15
A vault or building often near a church where human skeletal remains were stored was a
charnel house
medical examiner's office
attic
morgue
16
Using our existing internal and external resources to solve new problems that we have never seen before is
crystallized intelligence
emotional intelligence
fluid intelligence
emotional IQ
17
All of the following may decrease a funeral director's ability to deal with their own grief EXCEPT
handling an especially challenging death.
handling a loss similar to one that they have experienced.
doing the ongoing work to process their own history of grief and mourning.
having personal unresolved loss challenges come up.
18
Joey attends church every Sunday so his neighbors will see him as a good Christian, consistent with Kohlberg's
postconventional stage of moral development
conventional stage of moral development
self-centered stage of moral development
preconventional stage of moral development
19
A notice of a person's death that typically includes a biography and information about survivors is a(n)
memo
obituary
eulogy
online memorial
20
Children experiencing family illness and/or death can take changes in this as warnings about future challenges.
family outing patterns
family routines
family communication patterns
family meals
21
All of the following are stages of the general adaptation syndrome EXCEPT
alarm
resistance
exhaustion
termination
22
When a funeral director talks too much, they are not able to
listen.
show their expertise.
share their own experiences.
provide enough information.
23
Sharing the story of a loss achieves all of the following EXCEPT
brings people together in mutual support
provides emotional relief
encourages ongoing mourning after the funeral
promotes the search for meaning
24
Circumstances that can lead to traumatic reactions include
connectedness to spirit.
trust in social institutions.
creative group problem-solving.
war and physical assault.
25
Excess black bile was believed to lead to depression in the theory of
Freud
Skinner
Hippocrates
Rogers
26
After her 1st day of kindergarten, Tonya can name her classroom number and her teacher's name, in line with Piaget's
concrete operational cognitive developmental stage
preoperational cognitive developmental stage
formal operational cognitive developmental stage
sensorimotor cognitive developmental stage
27
Cremation is preferred over interment by
Christianity.
Islam.
Buddhism.
Judaism.
28
Treatment options considered by the medical establishment to be unproven and/or potentially harmful are called
unorthodox therapies.
curanderismo.
bioenergetics.
complementary therapies.
29
After experiencing a life-threatening hurricane, Samuel may overreact to future storms, consistent with
post-traumatic stress disorder
psychotic disorder
mood disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
30
The country that spends more on health care than any other industrialized country is
Japan
Belgium
the United States.
Sweden
31
"Any time anybody helps anybody with a problem" is
Freud's simple definition of psychoanalysis.
Rogers' simple definition of person-centered therapy.
Beck's simple definition of cognitive therapy.
Van Beck's simple definition of counseling.
32
The cognitive perspective focuses on
thinking
physiology
emotions
culture
33
Circumstances that may be likely to contribute to complicated grief for an adolescent include
death of the elderly former mayor of a nearby town
death of a distant relative whom the bereaved met once over a decade ago
death of a great-grandparent of natural causes at age 103
a car crash killing members of the high school football team
34
Sandy has only drawn with crayons. When she gets her first pencil, she draws with it the same way, illustrating Piaget's
concept of object permanence
concept of conservation
concept of accommodation
concept of assimilation
35
Death of a sibling is particularly likely to cause questions about life/death, good/evil, and the meaning of life in
young adults.
elders.
adolescents.
young children.
36
9-year-old Leila understands that 2 differently-sized bottles can hold equal amounts, reflecting Piaget's
concrete operational stage of cognitive development
sensorimotor stage of cognitive development
preoperational stage of cognitive development
formal operational stage of cognitive development
37
A typical traditional Japanese family grave for ashes is a
haka
spirit tablet
columbarium
chaka
38
Kubler-Ross said that people with terminal prognoses experienced all of the following EXCEPT
acceptance.
denial.
bargaining.
belief.
39
The choice that is not a characteristic of a helping funeral director is
asking too many questions.
genuineness.
empathy.
warmth.
40
The process of deterioration in the body's systems and organs is
clinical decomposition
electroencephalographic death
cellular death.
brain death.
41
If someone dies intestate (without a will), their property will be distributed based on
federal rules.
family wishes.
spousal requests.
state law.
42
Relational conflicts, relationship importance, and cause of death can all affect
speed of probate.
arrangement interviews.
non-traditional funeral choices.
grief trajectories.
43
Your therapist says that your negative interpretation of events is causing your depression; their theoretical view is
behavioral
cognitive
psychoanalytic
humanistic
44
Bandura said that verbal persuasion, or telling someone that they are capable, can help them believe in their own
positive reinforcement
reemergence
self-efficacy
positive self-talk
45
Messages seem to result in the greatest attitude change when they
are identical to our existing beliefs.
do not differ much from our existing beliefs.
are diametrically opposed to our existing beliefs.
differ dramatically from our existing beliefs.
46
Being told that you may not have fast food and then wanting it even more is an example of
reactance.
projection.
subliminal persuasion.
reaction formation.
47
When discussing death with a child, it is important to
use euphemisms so that the child will not worry.
avoid talking about it unless it becomes a crisis.
give an honest explanation using language that the child can understand.
be as vague as possible so that the child does not feel anxious.
48
The type of counseling used specifically following an individual or community crisis is
situational counseling.
informational counseling.
directive counseling.
supportive counseling.
49
Freud used the term "unconscious" to refer to
thoughts and feelings of which we are not aware
our lifetime history of conditioning
negative self-talk
thoughts and feelings of which we are aware
50
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) relates to
intervention after traumatic occurrences
a goal of the Homeland Security Department
hospital triage
emergency room personnel management
51
Suicide seen as a way to escape intolerable torment and desperation in life is
fatalistic suicide.
surcease suicide.
preemptive suicide.
anomic suicide.
52
The type of suicide by which a person expresses their ultimate commitment to a moral principle is
anomic suicide.
egoistic suicide.
altruistic suicide.
fatalistic suicide.
53
People who have near-death experiences report
leaving the body.
an altered sense of self-esteem.
taking a pilgrimage to an afterlife shrine.
visiting the underworld.
54
The Piagetian stage in which young children explore the world through their mouths and their fine and gross motor skills
formal operational
concrete operational
sensorimotor
preoperational
55
Developing this mindset will support funeral director mental health.
avoiding all personal stressors
striving for perfection in all endeavors
ignoring the needs of others
acceptance of their own imperfections
56
When a couple loses a child to death, ________________ represent a major source of relational conflict.
different understandings of the child's cause of death
differences in values, beliefs, and expectations
in-law relationships
differences in shopping and spending styles
57
Musical expressions related to death include all EXCEPT
dirge
lament
keening
ode
58
Psychologists use all of the following methods to explore personality EXCEPT
psychological assessments
structured interviews
case studies
horoscopes
59
Kastenbaum's death system (people, places/contexts, times, objects, and symbols) functions to do all EXCEPT
deny that death is a part of life
prevent death
make sense of death
dispose of the dead
60
The type of suicide associated with people who are disenfranchised or not well integrated into society is
fatalistic suicide.
anomic suicide.
altruistic suicide.
egoistic suicide.
61
All of the following are included in Van Beck's list of the Six Logical Steps of the funeral EXCEPT
the event of the death.
legal problems connected to probate.
notification of the event.
the farewell ritual.
62
We are more likely to be persuaded when we see the source of the persuasion as
expert, authoritative, and intimidating
expert, attractive, and trustworthy
authoritative, officious, and intimidating
officious, intimidating, and authoritarian
63
Psychic maneuvers that may promote violence include all of the following EXCEPT
seeing oneself as worthless
encouraging a person to believe that they are "above the law"
Encouraging a potential perpetrator to have empathy with intended victims
perceiving people as objects/less than human
64
One mandate of hospice programs is to
provide follow-up bereavement services
prescribe the right way to die
provide family financial services
offer alternative treatment options
65
Kastenbaum's concept of "the good death" includes all of the following EXCEPT
the coherent final phase of a good life
an ending to the long, contemplative journey
a transfiguring experience enacting high values
affirmation of significant personal relationships
66
A special kind of bodily existence with symbolic or spiritual meaning
is our text's definition of
reincarnation.
fetal development.
resurrection.
regular church attendance.
67
Structuring restful activities, physical activity, and stress management are suggestions for
alleviating stress.
increasing stress.
decreasing productivity.
decreasing mindfulness.
68
Benjamin Rush introduced this therapeutic approach to the US.
rational-emotive behavior therapy
moral therapy
psychoanalysis
cognitive-behavioral therapy
69
All of the emotional, physical, and behavioral reactions to the death of a loved one are termed collectively
shock.
mourning.
bereavement.
grief.
70
Nirvana
means
extinction.
bliss.
utopia.
retirement.
71
This theorist believed that we developed over the lifespan through a series of psychosocial crises.
Sigmund Freud
Erik Erikson
Aaron Beck
Carl Rogers
72
Another term used for
personalized funerals
is
ego funerals
aqua funerals
life-centered funerals
green funerals
73
If you score high on the altruism trait on your personality inventory instrument, you may be likely to
give your seat on the subway to someone who needs it more
order the most expensive menu item when you're splitting the bill equally
throw your coworker under the bus to serve your own interests
spread gossip at work because you feel knowledgeable when you do so
74
A behavior that is helpful when responding to a person/people in crisis is
asking lots of questions.
reflection.
making judgments.
debating.
75
Sociological thanatology does NOT focus on
cultural rituals
pain and symptom control
social interactions
mechanisms and forensic practices
76
An undesirable way to start a sentence in an arrangement interview is
"If I were you."
"Something that has worked for some people is."
"What do you think?"
"How does that sound to you?"
77
Restlessness and/or mental activity are characteristic of the
instrumental (linear) style of grieving
intuitive (affective) style of grieving
dissonant grieving style
consonant grieving style
78
Thrill-seeking behaviors may reflect
cognitive distortions.
attempts to deny death anxiety.
negative self-talk.
reactive attachment disorder.
79
The Latin word
humare
, meaning this, became the root of the word "humanity."
to socialize
to bury
to stand upright
to cook
80
"Hush, Little Baby" and "Rock-a-Bye, Baby" are examples in English of the worldwide history of focusing on death in
eulogies
lullabies
nursery rhymes
dance tunes
81
Abraham Maslow considered all of the following historical figures to have attained self-actualization EXCEPT
Abraham Lincoln
Albert Schweitzer
Eleanor Roosevelt
George H. W. Bush
82
Much of ancient Egyptians' focus in life was on
raging against death.
debasing ancestors.
serving ancestors.
preparation for the afterlife.
83
Introspection
referred to a method in which participants experienced sensory stimuli and then
drew a picture
thought inwardly about their conscious experience
expressed their feelings and impulses without censoring them
shared their dreams from the previous night
84
Grief counseling has all of the objectives listed below EXCEPT
exploring thoughts and feelings connected to the loss.
avoiding all feelings connected to the loss.
gaining insight.
functioning better on the daily level.
85
The correct developmental sequence of Piaget's stages of cognitive development:
concrete operational, formal operational, sensorimotor, preoperational
sensorimotor, formal operational, concrete operational, preoperational
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational, sensorimotor
86
This person is believed in many traditional societies to have access to and influence in the spirit world.
shaman
doula
soothsayer
necroman
87
The study of global ethnic and indigenous health/illness beliefs is
expressive arts therapy.
prayer.
bioenergetics.
ethnomedicine.
88
Our text says that some Native Americans signify mourning by
fasting for 4 days.
burying beloved clothing.
cutting their own hair short.
eating ceremonial feast foods.
89
All of the following behaviors will support families' developing trust in funeral directors EXCEPT
playing an active role.
playing a passive role.
showing compassion.
showing active wisdom and caring.
90
Death awareness adds dimension to life by reminding us about
our histories and heritages.
life's precious, fragile nature.
the fact that family is everything.
things that we have left undone.
91
Learning a relaxation technique to associate with a phobia is the treatment called
mindful conditioning.
aversion therapy.
systematic desensitization.
exposure therapy.
92
Which statement reflects the "slippery slope" or "wedge" argument?
Legalizing voluntary euthanasia would lead to involuntary euthanasia.
Euthanasia is contrary to the Hippocratic Oath.
Euthanasia is wrong ethically because medical diagnoses are not infallible.
Legalizing euthanasia creates a burden on the judiciary system.
93
Most social science research is based on participants who are
of East Asian ancestry.
college students of color.
elders from diverse backgrounds.
White and middle-class.
94
Native American death songs
are used to transition the dead into their new roles.
are used in ancestor worship rituals.
represent attempts to bargain with the gods to avoid death.
summarize the story and values of the deceased's life.
95
Your counselor focuses on your psychological strengths and your resilience, consistent with
behavioral psychology
positive psychology
psychoanalysis
cognitive-behavioral psychology
96
The term "life span" refers to
theoretical projected genetic lifelong tendencies
theoretical projected life length based on optimal circumstances
Ayurvedic body type
theoretical projection of healthy years of life
97
The goal of psychoanalysis is to
repress maladaptive thoughts, feelings, and impulses
transfer thoughts, feelings, and impulses onto the psychoanalyst
bring unconscious thoughts, feelings, and impulses into conscious awareness
support the acting out of unconscious thoughts, feelings, and impulses
98
Couples with this attraction factor are less likely to divorce than couples without it.
similarity
emotional intelligence
difference
reinforcement
99
All of the following are listed in the National Funeral Directors' Association's 4 funeral cost categories EXCEPT
post-funeral intensive grief psychotherapy
funeral director costs (e.g., services, facilities, merchandise, etc.)
memorialization
disposition
100
The term that Erik Erikson used to describe human developmental stages:
psychosocial crises
existential crises
sociobiological crises
psychoanalytic crises