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exam 2 review
exam 2 review
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1
which of the following is an acid produced by fermentation?
ethanol
propionic acid
lactic acid
lactic acid and propionic acid
2
glycolysis generates energy by producing?
2 ATP and 2 NADH
4 ATP
2 ATP and 2 NAD+
2 ATP
3
serratia kacrocenses can be identified by a distinctive
black pigment
purple pigment
pink pigment
red pigment
4
why is it critical to use aseptic technique when transferring the antibiotic disks to the agar?
contaminating microorganisms could break down the antibiotics
contaminating microorganisms alter diffusion of antibiotics through agar
all available answers are correct
contaminating organisms could produce their own antibiotics
5
what is the role of pyruvic acid in fermentation?
it provides the protons to be used in the electron transport chain
it takes the electrons from NADH, oxidizing it back into NAD+
final electron acceptor for electron transport chain in the absence of O2
it is the organic acid end product of fermentation
6
which level of safety shall be applied in labs when dealing with ebola virus?
BSL 3
BSL 2
BSL 4
BSL 1
7
what role do NADH and FASDH2 serve in catabolism?
NASH and FASH2 are electron carriers
NASG and FASDH are not electron carriers
8
what is a holoenzyme?
dont choose this one
dont choose this one
is the active of a enzyme, including all necessary cofactors
is the unactive of a enzyme, including all necessary cofactors
9
what is the causative pathogen for bubonic and pneuonic plague
yersinia pestis
fungi
e.coli
salmonella
10
shigellosis is common in travelers to developing countries. infection is commonly acquired through the travelers
oral-fecal route
parenteral route
11
the step that precedes the krebs cycle in aerobic cellular respiration is?
glycolysis
chemiosmosis
the electron transport
the intermediate step
12
which one of the following E.coli hypes is characterized by the presence of LT and 5T proteins?
enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
shiga toxin-producing E.coli (STEC)
13
what is the fate of the NASD+ newly regenerated by fermentation?
it is converted into an organic acid
it is oxidized into carbon dioxide
it returns to glycolysus to pick up more electrons
it is converted into ethanol
14
washing dishes in the dishwasher with detergent and hot water is _____ process
disinfecting
sterilizing
sanitizing
antiseptixing
15
the most important virculencefactor of vibrio cholerae is.....
its ability to not produce a potent enterotoxin
its ability to produce a potent enterotoxin
16
what type of bacteria is cholera?
self limiting
non-self limiting
17
why is reduction the term used to describe the gain of an electron?
the amount of energy in the molecule decreases
the number of molecules in the reaction decreases
the electron acceptors net charge decreases
the electron acceptor gets smaller
18
what effect does penicillin have on susceptible bacterial cells?
penicillin attaches cell walls synthesis
or this one either lol
penicillin disrupts cell walls synthesis
dont choose this one
19
what term is used to describe the gain of one or more electrons by a molecule?
reduction
absorption
contraction
decrease
20
you notice a sign in a public restroom that states "sanitized for your safety" this means
antispetics have been used
sterilizing chemicals have been used
methods of disinfection that meet min. standards
methods of disinfection that meet max. standards
21
what are the three possible outcomes for each antibiotic microorganism in a Kirby Basuer assay
susceptible resistant, indeterminate
susceptible, resistant, intermediate
22
salmonella and shigella, bouth causes of diarrhea, can be distingused by which of the following tests
lactose fermentation
oxidase test
urease test
motility test
23
which form of radiation is most likely to reduce microbs in air in a barbershop or hair salon
gamma
xray
electron beams
UV
24
which halogen is commonly used to degerm surgical sites?
iodine
bromine
fluorine
chlorine
25
which of the following characteristics does NOT need to be standardized in a kirby-bauer assay?
the thickness of the agar
the method used to develop a bacterial lawn on the agar plate
the size of the antibiotic disk
the number of bacteria plated
26
which of the following statements regarding redox reactions is true?
redox reactions must either be oxidizing reactions or reducing reactions
redox reactions are only seen in the electron transport chain
involve an oxidation reaction coupled with a reduction reaction
no metabolic reactions are redox reactions
27
which of the following statements is true of disinfectants
they are used on inanimate surfaces
they are used for steliziation
they are used on living tissue
they are effective at destroying endospores
28
which method of drug resistance renders bacteria resistant to penicillin and similar drugs?
producing ribonculease enzymes
producing beta-lactamase enzymes
producing lactonases enzymes
producing glyoxalase enzymes
29
which of the following pairs is mismatched?
coliform enterbacteriaceae; opportunistic pathogens
non-pathogenic enterobacteriaceae; salmonella, shigella
non-coliform enterbacteriaceae; non-lactose fermenters
coliform enterbacteriaceae; rapid lactose fermenters
30
what is the natural host of yersinia pestis
rodents
humans
31
what is the most likely biosafety level of your introductory microbiology lab classroom?
BSL-2
BSL-3
BSL-4
BSL-1
32
the reactions involved in producing larger compounds from smaller compounds is called
catabolism
metabolism
anabolism
33
what is the characteristic lesion of yearsinia pestis
a bubo
not bubo
34
which of the following statement's concerning glycolysis us TRUE?
the first step of glycolysis involves substrate level phosphorylation
glucose is activated by sybstrate-level phosphorylation
the glycolytic pathways has a net gain of two ATP molecules
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphaste (G3P) is the end product of glycolysis
35
which of the following statements about fermentation is true?
is an alternative way to return electron carriers to their oxidized state
it is an alternative way for a cell to produce oxygen
it allows the electron transport chain to continue in the absence of oxygen
provides additional protons to allow electron transport chain to continue
36
how can cholrea bacteria cause cholera
exotoxin
enterotoxin
37
how is pneumonic plague transmitted?
touch from a person infected with yersinia pestis
inhalation respiratory aerosols from a person infected with yersinia pestis
38
which most effectively destroys microorganisms responsible for spoilage in irradiated fresh fruits and veggies
x ray
gamma ray
electron beam
UV
39
why does FADH2 yield less ATP than NADH?
FADH2 electrons ultimately do not go to oxygen
FADH2 electrons enter the electron transport chain at a lower energy level
electron from FADH2 cannot pump hydrogen ions out of the cell
FADH2 binds directly to the ATP synthase enzyme
40
in metabolism, energy that is not used...
is used to build up large compounds from smaller ones
isn used to break down large molecules into smaller ones
is stored in the form of ATP
is given off as heat
41
which of the following can be used as a final electron acceptor for aerobic respiration?
molecular oxygen
carbonate ion
nitrate ion
sulfate ion
42
which of the following media is used to isolate gram-negative organisms?
blood agar plate (selective & differential)
MacConkey agar plate (selective & differential)
43
how does the proton gradient help ATP synthase to make ATP?
protons move from outside the membrane to inside the membrane
protons move from the inside the membrane to outside the membrane
protons are not involved with this step; only electrons are
protons move along the membrane
44
identify the process of glucose metabolism represented in the figure
A=glycolysis, B=citric acid cycle C=fermentation D=electron transport chain
A=electron transport chain, B=Citric acid cycle C=glycolysis D=fermnetation
45
what term describes a procedure that destroys all microorganisms
sanitization
pasteurization
sterilization
disinfection
46
the growth pattern in the picture is characteristic of which organism?
escherichia coli
proteus
klebsiella
serratia
47
which type of chemical reaction in cells release energy?
combustion
synthesis
anabolic
catabolic
48
what does the kirby basuder test assess
the ability of an organism to mutate in the presence of an antibiotic
the ability of a microorganism to secrete an antibiotic
the ability of a microorganism to swim away from an antibiotic
the susecptibility of an oraganism to a set of antibiotics
49
during an oxidation reaction.....
the donor molecule gains an electron and becomes oxidized
the donor molecules loses an electron and becomes oxidized
the acceptor molecule loses an electron and becomes oxidized
the acceptor molecule gains an electron and becomes oxidized
50
serratia marcescens can be identified by its distinctive _____ pigment
orange
green
red
blue
51
what biochemical test is used to distinguish between the enterbacteriaceae and the vibrionaceae?
nitrate recution test
indole
gram stain
catalase
52
where does the energy required for anabolic reactions come from?
unused energy from metabolism
catabolic reactions
heat catabolic
53
what is the intermediate product formed by pyruvic acid during alcoholic fermentation?
lactic acid
formic acid
ethanol
acetaldehyde
54
characteristic of the kirby-bauer test helps scientist to determine if a microorganism is susceptible to an antibiotic?
the texture of the the zone inhibition surrounding the antibiotic disks
the color of the the zone inhibition surrounding the antibiotic disks
the diameter of the zone pf inhibition surrounding the antibiotic disks
the weight of the the zone inhibition surrounding the antibiotic disks
55
which heat-related method of microbial control most effectively destroys bacterial endospore?
dry heat
pasteurization
boiling
autoclaving
56
the use of amino acids to make proteins
is an example of catabolism
is an example of anabolism
involves the production of ATP
is a completely efficient reaction
