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AP Semester Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Semester Exam Review
AP Semester Exam Review
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A basic review over all material covered in first semester of AP Psychology
Flashcards
102 cards
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1
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
insight learning
latent learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
2
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
short-term
sensory
long-term
intermediate-term
3
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
state-dependent learning
observational learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
4
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
step-wise conditioning
shaping
stimulus discrimination
selection
5
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
criterion-related validity
predictive validity
standardized validity
content validity
6
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender stereotypes
gender behaviors
gender roles
gender differences
7
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an achievement test
an aptitude test
an intelligence test
a personality test
8
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pancreas
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
sebaceous gland
9
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
industry vs. inferiority
initiative vs. guilt
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
trust vs. mistrust
10
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retroactive interference
pseudoforgetting
retrograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia
11
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
preconventional
postconventional
concrete
conventional
12
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
lateral processing
bottom-up processing
bottom-to-top processing
top-down processing
13
What is somnambulism?
difficulty remaining asleep
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-walking
sleep-talking
14
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use a holistic decision model
are using the availability heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the representativeness heuristic
15
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
strange situation
attachment probing
secure-avoidant
shared inhibition
16
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
tone
food/meat powder
salivation
light
17
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
moving a part of his body
seeing a flash of light
smelling an odor
hearing a sound
18
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
abstract operations
logical reasoning
systematic hypothesis testing
physical interaction
19
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
William James
Wilhelm Wundt
Rene Decartes
G. Stanley Hall
20
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
questionnaires
psychological tests
physiological recordings
direct observation
21
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
sympathetic nerves
efferent nerves
autonomic nerves
afferent nerves
22
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
gamma
alpha
beta
delta
23
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
limbic system
reticular formation
leftbrain/right brain communication
endocrine system
24
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the confirmation bias
the conjunction fallacy
the gambler's fallacy
overestimating the improbable
25
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
centration
reversibility
conservation
egocentrism
26
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
fluid
procedural
crystallized
episodic
27
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
the conscious
maladaptive behaviors
the unconscious
irrational thoughts
28
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
attention
perception
processing
sensation
29
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
fill-feed
boat-goat
tree-bird
car-nose
30
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
loud noise
rabbit
fear reaction
rat
31
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
flashbulb memories
non-declarative memories
episodic memories
sensory memories
32
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
dissociative
unipolar
bipolar
cyclical
33
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
intelligence; standardized
standardized; intelligence
personality; standardized
intelligence; personality
34
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction incapacity
the absolute refractory period
the relative threshold period
transduction capacity
35
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the cephalocaudal trend
encephalitis
the proximodistal trend
the cephalopedal trend
36
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
reinforcement
37
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
morphemes
syntax
linguistic heuristics
phonemes
38
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
hypnosis
perception
consciousness
sensation
39
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
punishment
observational learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
40
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
medulla
corpus callosum
41
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test scores
test levels
test scales
test norms
42
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recall
relearning
reiteration
recognition
43
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
intelligence
cognition
mentalism
44
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
45
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the experimental group
the correlational group
the observational group
the control group
46
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
47
A valid test is one that...
has been standardized but not normed
measures what it is supposed to measure
is reliable
is consistent
48
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
behavior
the brain
conscious experience
the unconscious
49
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
fear the dark
tie shoe laces
print letters
sing a song
50
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
unrealistic demands from family/friends
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
51
The function of sensory memory is to...
put information into long-term memory
hold information for a lifetime
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
52
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
psychotherapy
avoidance therapy
53
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
overextension
fast-mapping
metalinguistic awareness
semantic slanting
54
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
cocaine
heroin
mescaline
marijuana
55
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
fugue
conversion disorder
56
According to the medical model...
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
57
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
i wanted a cookie
I eated a cookie
give cookie
cookie
58
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
conditioned emotional reactions
59
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete storage failure
complete retrieval failure
partial storage
partial retrieval
60
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
activation-synthesis theory
problem-solving theory
wish fulfillment theory
None of the Above
61
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
median
midpoint
mean
mode
62
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Sperry's area
Wernicke's area
Cannon's area
Broca's area
63
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
mnemonic
platonic
phonemic
morphemic
64
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
positron emission tomography
computerized tomography
electrographic tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
65
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
subliminal perception
a just noticeable difference
a superimposed stimulus
a false alarm
66
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 2
REM
stage 4
stage 1
67
The last area of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
prefrontal cortex
hypothalamus
medulla
occipital cortex
68
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
social charm
excessive guilt
aggressiveness
manipulative behavior
69
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
thalamus
parietal lobe
pineal gland
corpus callosum
70
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
stereotaxic inversion
tumor ligation
lesioning
ESB
71
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
superstitious behavior
observational learning
positive reinforcement
classical conditioning
72
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
teratogens
pathogens
opiates
prenatals
73
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the triarchic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
74
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a sedative
a narcotic
a hallucinogen
an amphetamine
75
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
cannabis
alcohol
sedatives
narcotics
76
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
development of secondary sex characteristics
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
post-conventional moral reasoning
formal operations
77
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
unconditioning
spontaneous remission
conditioned forgetting
extinction
78
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
bipolar disorder
marital problems
schizophrenia
anxiety disorders
79
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a compulsion
a phobia
an obsession
a delusion
80
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
reticular formation
limbic system
brainstem
cerebellum
81
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
illusions
obsessions
hallucinations
delusions
82
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
a headache
not really been asleep
not been dreaming
been dreaming
83
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
attachment
personality
temperament
behavioral quality
84
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
representativeness
consistency
accuracy of inference
predictability
85
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
thalamus
thyroid
pituitary
gonads
86
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
percentiles
means
standard deviation
correlation coefficients
87
Framing refers to...
presenting irrelevant information
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting only part of the information required
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
88
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
semantic network
chunk
script
schema
89
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
acetylcholine
dopamine
endorphin
serotonin
90
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
neurotransmitters
agonists
action potentials
antagonists
91
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
personality
mood
schizophrenic
anxiety
92
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
pseudoinsomnia
insomnia
narcolepsy
sleep apnea
93
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
escape learning
positive reinforcement
an unconditioned response
avoidance learning
94
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
ablated
retrieved
encoded
modeled
95
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
total loss of personal control
reduction of inhibitions
hallucinations
resistance to pain
96
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a forensic psychologist
a developmental psychologist
a social psychologist
a clinical psychologist
97
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
98
An antagonist...
extends the absolute refractory period
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
99
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
neodynamism
functionalism
behaviorism
psychoanalysis
100
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time alseep
amount of time awake
exposure to light
cultural practices
101
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous sleep
remain in continuous wakefulness
become fearful/cautious
become aggressive
102
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the endocrine system
feeding
memory
the autonomic nervous system
