A nerve cell that sends messages

Gaining knowledge through experience and observation

What did Milgram's obedience study show?

People obey even when it harms others

The smallest unit that has meaning

What does the parasympathetic system do?

Calms the body down (rest and digest)

What is the corpus callosum?

Connects the left and right brain hemispheres

What is the Law of Effect?

Behaviors followed by good results are more likely to happen again

What is structuralism?

Analyzing the mind's structure through introspection

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Planning, decision-making, movement

What is inattentional blindness?

Missing something while focusing

What is the job of the thalamus?

Directs sensory messages to the brain

The test gives consistent results

What is transduction?

Turning senses into brain signals

What is Sampling Bias?

Bad sample that doesn't represent the group

What did Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment reveal?

Roles and power can change behavior

What is the funadamental attribution error?

Overestimating personality and underestimating situation in explaining beh-

What is dopamine linked to?

Pleasure, learning, and movement

What is correlation coefficient?

Number showing how strong a relationship is

Does it measure what it should?

An automatic response to a stimulus

What does statistical significance mean in an experiment?

The results are likely not due to chance

What is the sympathetic nervous system do?

Prepares the body for action (fight or flight)

How big the impact of a variable is

What is a correlation?

A relationship between two variables

What is confirmation bias?

Only looking for information that supports your belief

What did B.F. Skinner study?

Operant conditioning (rewards and punishments)

What is sensory adaptation?

Getting used to a constant stimulus

What is embodied cognition?

Thoughts are influenced by your body and surroundings

What is an operational defintion?

A clear way to measure a variable

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Questions 163

Answers

1
What is a neuron?
A type of hormone
A brain lobe
A nerve cell that sends messages
A blood cell
2
What is the job of the optic nerve?
Detect sound
Move the eyeball
Sends visual info to brain
Focus the eye
3
What is the function of the motor cortex?
Feeling touch
Processing emotions
Language comprehension
Controlling movement
4
What is the synapse?
A memory storage area
A cell nucleus
The gap between two neurons
A brain part
5
What is empiricism?
Gaining knowledge through experience and observation
Trusting authority figures
Relying only on logic
Using imagination and dreams
6
What did Milgram's obedience study show?
People resist authority
People obey even when it harms others
Memory improves with stress
Groups make better decisions
7
What is a morpheme?
The sound of a word
A grammar rule
The smallest unit that has meaning
A full sentence
8
What does the parasympathetic system do?
Speeds up your heart
Causes stress
Calms the body down (rest and digest)
Controls reflexes
9
What does acetylcholine (ACh) affect?
Pain and balance
Movement and memory
Vision and hearing
Mood and digestion
10
What is the corpus callosum?
Connects the left and right brain hemispheres
Filters blood in the brain
Controls the spinal cord
Produces dopamine
11
What is the Law of Effect?
Repeating actions leads to punishment
Practice makes perfect
Emotions affect memory
Behaviors followed by good results are more likely to happen again
12
What is structuralism?
Focusing on unconscious desires
Studying behavior through conditioning
Analyzing the mind's structure through introspection
Emphasizing personal growth and self-actualization
13
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
Balance and vision
Hearing and memory
Planning, decision-making, movement
Breathing and digestion
14
What is opponent-process theory?
Brain gets tired of colors
Mixed visual signals
Opposing color pairs
Brain switches off senses
15
What is inattentional blindness?
Not hearing background noise
Ignoring loud noises
Focusing on too many thing
Missing something while focusing
16
What is the job of the thalamus?
Directs sensory messages to the brain
Stores memories
Controls balance
Creates emotions
17
What is relearning?
Forgetting old ideas
Repeating wrong info
Memorizing again from the start
Learning again is faster
18
What is reliability?
The test is easy to administer
The test gives consistent results
The test is influenced by personal bias
The test measures what it claims to measure
19
What is transduction?
Changing thoughts into actions
Brain decoding language
Turning senses into brain signals
Mixing up the five senses
20
What is the spacing effect
Wait until last minute
Review only once
Study all at once
Study over time
21
What is the misinformation effect?
False memories from wrong info
Remembering perfectly
Memorizing trivia
Delayed learning
22
What is source amnesia?
Repeating false info
Forgetting where you heard it
Forgetting what happened
Learning from dreams
23
What are chemical messengers that cross the synapse?
Neurons
Hormones
Neurotransmitters
Enzymes
24
What is Sampling Bias?
Test where variable are controlled
Good sample that represents the group
Bad sample that doesn't represent the group
Number showing how strong a relationship is
25
What did Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment reveal?
Memory is false
Prison helps reform
Crime is genetic
Roles and power can change behavior
26
What is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory input?
Perception
Sensation
Transduction
Encoding
27
What is the funadamental attribution error?
Ignoring other' behavior
Overestimating personality and underestimating situation in explaining beh-
Always blaming yourself
Blaming the situation for other' behavior
28
What does humanistic psychology emphasize?
Childhood conflicts
Brain and genes
Growth and personal potential
Observable behavior only
29
What is dopamine linked to?
Pleasure, learning, and movement
Vision and learning
Pain relief only
Sleep and hunger
30
What is correlation coefficient?
Number showing how strong a relationship is
Relationship between two studies
Group you want to study
Extra factor that can affect results
31
What is validity?
Does it measure what it should?
Can you get the same results again
Does it measure what I wanted it to?
Can it give me a clear understanding
32
What are binocular cues used for?
Color perception
Smelling odors
Use both eyes for depth
Controlling focus
33
What does the limbic system control?
Reflexes and balance
Sleep and digestion
Emotions and memory
Vision and hearing
34
What is a reflex?
A choice made under pressure
An automatic response to a stimulus
A learned behavior
An emotional reaction
35
What does statistical significance mean in an experiment?
The experiment was done twice
The data is perfect
The results are exactly the same
The results are likely not due to chance
36
What is the sympathetic nervous system do?
Prepares the body for action (fight or flight)
Controls voluntary muscles
Calms the body down
Sends sensory signals
37
What is a cognitive map?
Language rule
Real-world GPS
Mental layout
Step-by-step directions
38
What is effect size?
How big the impact of a variable is
The error in the study
The difference between two means
The number of participants
39
What is a correlation?
A cause-and-effect test
A data mistake
A relationship between two variables
A random guess
40
What does the biological perspective study?
Brain, genes, and body systems
Learned behaviors
Past Traumas
Cultural expectations
41
What is confirmation bias?
Only looking for information that supports your belief
Always agreeing with other
Believing the opposite of what your hear
Ignoring all information
42
What did B.F. Skinner study?
Dreams
Memory
Perception
Operant conditioning (rewards and punishments)
43
What is sensory adaptation?
Changing attention quickly
Getting used to a constant stimulus
Not noticing new smells
Adapting to a new room
44
What is embodied cognition?
Mind and body are seperate
Thinking with your eyes
Memory loss through aging
Thoughts are influenced by your body and surroundings
45
What does the cerebellum help with?
Language and logic
Smell and taste
Emotions and sleep
Balance and coordination
46
What is chunking?
Deleting ingo
Forgetting details
Mixing up ideas
Grouping info to remember
47
What is a phoneme?
Smallest sound in a language
A short phrase
Smallest idea in grammar
Smallest word in a sentence
48
What does Gesalt mean in psychology?
Brain filters unneeded data
Details are most important
Focus on individual sensations
Whole is more than parts
49
What is negative reinforcement?
Ignore behavior
Remove something bad
Add something bad
Remove something good
50
What is an operational defintion?
A clear way to measure a variable
A guess about results
A summary of results
A hypothesis
51
What is latent learning?
Repeating mistakes
Learning that shows up later
Unconscious learning
Forgetting on purpose
52
What is short-term memory?
Keeping info briefly (7 items)
Lasts a lifetime
Unconscious memory
Automatic learning
53
What does Erikson's theory explain?
Dream interpretation
Language acquisition
Brain development
Stages of psychosocial development
54
What is shaping in behavior learning?
Repeating mistakes
Guessing until correct
Rewarding steps toward goal behavior
Copying behavior exactly
55
What is an experiment?
Test where variables are controlled
Testing to see if it measures what it should
Khara
What is changing the theory
56
What are mnemonics?
Memory loss disorders
Memory tricks (like acronyms)
Bad habits
Study distractions
57
What is Piaget known for?
Obedience theory
Conditioning responses
Stages of cognitive development in children
Personality tests
58
What are endorphins responsible for?
Muscle movement
Pain relief and pleasure
Sleep cycles
Memory storage
59
What are monocular cues?
Feel textures
Control both eye
Measure light intensity
Use one eye for depth
60
What part of the nervous system controls automatic body functions?
Reflexive
Central
Somatic
Autonomic
61
What is the dependent variable?
The equipment used
The variable you control
The outcome or what you measure
The person conduction the experiment
62
What is social facilitation?
Making enemies in old setting
Relating to making friends in a new social setting
Doing better when others are watching
Doing worse when other are watching
63
What did Harlow's monkey experiment prove?
Food is all the matter
Memory depends on reward
Comfort and touch are important for attachment
Monkeys can speak
64
What are mirror neurons?
Memory neurons
Neurons in the eye
Fire when we see or do an action
Cause deja vu
65
What is the availability heuristic?
Judging something based on how typical it seems
Ignoring memories
Judging by how easily something comes to mind
Solving problems step-by-step
66
What did Mary Ainsworth's "Strange Situation" test study?
Intelligence differences
Gender identity
Attachment styles in infants
Operant behavior
67
What is implicit memory?
Math equations
Emotional stories
Facts and dates
Automatic skills
68
What is the process of detecting sensory input
Perception
Recognition
Sensation
Transduction
69
What is habituation?
Getting used to a repeated stimulus
Forgetting learned behavior
A sudden increase in responsible
Learned by punishment
70
What is recall?
Getting info without clues
Guessing on a test
Only recognizing info
Group work memory
71
What is positive reinforcement?
Stop behavior
Add something annoying
Add something good
Remove something bad
72
What does the medulla control?
Speech production
Breathing and heartbeat
Muscle movement
Touch and pressure
73
What does Weber's Law say?
We detect everything equally
Smaller things change slower
Bigger things need bigger change to notice
Change happens all at once
74
What is introspection ?
Studying others behavior
Brain imaging
Looking inward at your own thoughts
Using surveys
75
What did Watson and Rayner show with Little Albert?
Fear can be learned through classical conditioning
Punishment causes fear
Kid are born afraid
Touch reduces fear
76
What is the cognitive approach in psychology?
Social and cultural roles
Thinking, memory, and problem-solving
Emotions and feelings
Reflexes and instincts
77
What is the representativeness heuristic>
Judging by how often something happens
Ignoring stereotypes
Using detailed statistics every time
Judging based on how much something matches a prototype
78
What is punishment?
Strengthens learning
Decreases behavior
Increases response
Repeats the behavior
79
What is a variable-ratio schedule?
Reward after random number of actions
Reward after fixed number
No reinforcement at all
Reward once a day
80
What is random assignment in an experiment?
Placing participants in groups by chance
Putting friends together
Letting participants pick
Choosing based on age
81
What is the peripheral nervous system?
Muscles and glands
Reflex system
All nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
Brain and brain stem only
82
What is a primary reinforcer?
Money or praise
Symbolic item
Naturally needed (like food)
Learning reward
83
What is in-group bias?
Leaving your group for another
Favoring your own group
Disliking all group
Copying another group's behavior
84
What is the testing effect?
Test anxiety trick
Forgetting after testing
Memorizing wrong answers
Better memory from practice testing
85
What is partial reinforcement?
No reward ever
Constant punishment
Reward everytime
Reward only sometimes
86
What is fixed-ratio schedule?
Reward after fixed time
No reward system
Reward after random number
Reward after set number of actions
87
What is mood-congruent memory?
Memory based on smell
Confused memory feelings
Mood matches memory
Emotionless remembering
88
What happens during extinction?
Stimulus changes
Response gets stronger
Response disappears
Memory improves
89
What does wavelength determine?
Brightness or taste
Color or pitch
Amount of light
Size of the eye
90
What do rods help you see
Faraway images
Black and white
Color and detail
Motion only
91
What is the phi phenomenon?
Afterimages in your eyes
Spinning illusions
Light flashing appear to move
Fast color changes
92
What is recognition?
Forgetting quickly
Identifying info when seen
Writing a full essay
Creating new answers
93
What is EEG?
Records brain activity and structure
Brain structure scan
Records brain wave activity
Brain nerves function scan
94
What is acquisition in conditioning
Repeating phase
Forgetting phase
Testing phase
Learning phase
95
What does the psychodynamic perspective focus on?
Thoughts and logic
Environmental triggers
Unconscious mind and childhood
Hormonal imbalances
96
What does a fMRI scan show about the brain?
Electrical activity in neurons
Brain structure only
Brainwaves during sleep
Changes in blood flow showing brain activity
97
What is the pupil's function?
Opening that lets light in
Control eye movement
See black and white
Focus light onto retina
98
What is reinforcement
Decreases behavior
Increases behavior
Stops memory
Confuses learning
99
What is proactive interference?
No interference at all
Improves memory
Old blocks new
New blocks old
100
What is change blindness?
Ignoring color
Not seeing in the dark
Being easily distracted
Not noticing changes
101
What does behaviorism focus on?
Promoting self-growth
Study brain chemicals
Exploring unconscious motives
Studying observable behavior
102
What is vestibular sense responsible for?
Balance and body position
Emotion and memories
Touching and pressure
Smelling and tasting
103
What is spontaneous recovery?
Learning from others
Forgetting everything
Creating new behavior
Response returns after a pause
104
What is the eye's light-sensitive inner surface where images are processed?
Retina
Iris
Cornea
Lens
105
What is bottom-up processing?
Starting with brain, then sense
Ignoring details for the big picture
Using expectations to interpret
Starting with senses, then brain
106
What is a double-blind study?
Neither researcher nor participants know the groupings
Only participants are unaware
Both groups get the same treatment
The researcher watches from a distance
107
What does standard deviation measure?
How spread out score are
The total number of scores
The most common score
Average score
108
What is brain plasticity?
Brains ability to change
Brain's ability to feel pain
Brain's ability to store memories
Brain's ability to grow in size
109
What is depth perception?
Seeing only with one eye
Seeing 3D
Hearing from far away
Seeing in 2D
110
What is a heuristic?
A perfect problem-solving strategy
A random guess
A mental shortcut or rule of thumb
A step-by-step algorithm
111
What did Solomon Asch's line experiment show?
People conform to group pressure
Line confuse people
People obey orders
Memory fades quickly
112
What did ALvert Bandura's Bobo doll experiment show?
We learn by watching others (observational learning)
Kids imitate pets
Conditioning works best with food
Memory fades with time
113
What does Broca's area help with?
Language understanding
Balance and posture
Speech production
Touch sensation
114
What do cones detect?
Smells
Black and white
Color and detail
Sound waves
115
What is perceptual constancy?
Seeing objects as unchanging
Losing your sense of spac
Moving focus constantly
Forgetting new info
116
What is memory?
Learning that lasts over time
Hearing without thinking
Forgetting past experiences
Guessing answers
117
What does the hypothalamus do?
Makes decisions
Processes vision
Regulates hunger, thirst, and body temperature, sex drive
Plans action
118
What did Loftus study in her experiments?
Classical conditioning
Brain injuries
False memories and misinformation
Sleep cycles
119
What does the brain stem control?
Emotions and memory
Thinking and planning
Language and speech
Basic life functions like breathing
120
What is the serial position effect?
Make lists easier
Guess based on order
Only remember odd numbers
Forget everything in the middle
121
What is the minimum stimulus energy needed to detect something 50% of the time?
Absolute threshold
Sensory Adaptation
Sensory adaptation
Difference threshold
122
What is a case study?
A study on animals in their natural state
A study on multiple participants overtime
A study on the same participants overtime
Deep look at one person/group
123
What is a perceptual set?
A set of eye movements
Expecting to see or hear something
Brain ignoring distractions
A group of sensations
124
What is sensory memory?
Memory from reading
Emotional memory
Long-term storage
Very brief memory of senses
125
What is a meta-analysis
A study that combines results from many studies
A test of brain activity
An interview with participants
A new single experiment
126
What are feature detectors?
Parts of the ear
Smell receptors
Neurons for shape, angle, movement
Muscles for eye movement
127
What does serotonin help control?
Reflexes and motion
Breathing and heartbeat
Mood, hunger, and sleep
Fear and anger
128
What is continuous reinforcement?
Punish after each try
Reward sometimes
Reward every time
Give no feedback
129
What is parallel processing?
One task at a time
Sensing from one side only
Focused memory recall
Brain doing many things a once
130
What do dendrites do?
Receive messages from other neurons
Store memories
Send messages away
Control movement
131
What is the independent variable in an experiment?
The result of the experiment
The part you change
The background condition
The part you measure
132
What is deja vu
Forgetting a memoy
Seeing double
Repeating a test
Feeling like it happened before
133
What are ethics in psychological research?
Rules to protect research participants
A list of scientific theories
Steps of the scientific method
Lab safety guidelines
134
What is intrinsic motivation?
Doing it to avoid punishment
Doing something for money
Doing it because someone said so
Doing it because you enjoy it
135
What does the myelin sheath do?
Processes emotions
Creates new neurons
Stores memories
Speeds up neural impulses
136
What is the central nervous system made of?
Brain and spinal cord
Brain and heart
Nerves and muscles
Bone and ligaments
137
What does to sociocultural perspective study?
Influence of society and culture on behavior
Childhood trauma
Reflexes and instincts
How neurons work
138
What is a fixed-interval schedule?
Punishment every hour
Reward after each try
Reward after random time
Reward after set time
139
What is the part of the ear that contains tiny hairs to detect sound waves?
Auditory canal
Ossicles
Eardrum
Cochlea
140
What is MRI
Shows brain activity and structure
Brain sensory function scan
Brain stucture scan
Shows brain correlation with heart
141
What does the parietal lobe process?
Breathing and reflexes
Smells and tastes
Emotions and memories
Touch and body position
142
What is a conditioned reinforcer?
Attention from others
Learned reward (like money)
Food and drink
Bulit-in-reflex
143
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
Vision
Hearing
Touch
Balance
144
What is extrinsic motivation?
Doing it for fun
Doing it when your bored
Doing it without thinking
Doing something for a reward or to avoid punishment
145
What is the function of an axon?
Sends messages to other neurons
Receives signals
Stores neurotransmitters
Filters blood in the brain
146
What are neurotransmitters?
Electrical wires
Chemicals that send signals in the brain
Brain scans
Hormones from glands
147
What does the evolutionary perspective examine?
Behavior shaped by rewards
Behavior that helps us survive
Memories and perceptions
Unconscious drives
148
What does Wernicke's area help with?
Language understanding
Speech production
Memory retrieval
Hearing sounds
149
What is top-down processing?
Guessing based on touch
Only using past memories
Using brain first, then senses
Starting with senses
150
What is selective attention?
Focusing on one thing
Dividing focus between tasks
Hearing everything around you
Ignoring your senses
151
What is the role GABA in the brain?
Speeds up heart rate and breathing
Calms the brain and reduces anxiety
Helps with movement and balance
Increases alertness and energy
152
What does norepinephrine control?
DIgestion and vision
Alertness and arousal
Memory and logic
Breathing and blood flow
153
What is a confounding variable?
Too much participants to get accurate results
Too less of a variable to conduct an experiment
Extra factor that can affect results
Testing to see if you can get the same results again
154
What happens in a split brain procedure?
One hemisphere is damaged
Brain lobes are reserved
Brainstem is removed
Corpus callosum is cut
155
What is retroactive interference?
Deleting info
Old blocks new
New blocks old
Memorizing with no problms
156
What is explicit memory?
Reflex memory
Unconscious memory
Memories you can talk about (facts and dates)
Skills you don't think about
157
What is working memory?
Past memories only
Storing phone numbers
Visual storage
Active thinking space
158
What did Pavlov's experiment show?
We learn by association (classical conditioning)
We learn by watching
Dogs can speak
Behavior is inherited
159
What is the function of the sensory cortex?
Understanding vision
Producing speech
Planning actions
Feeling touch
160
What is functionalism?
How behavior helps us adapt and survive
Analyzing dreams
Understanding human potential
Listing brain parts
161
What is generalization in conditioning
Responding only to exact trigger
Forgetting differences
Reacting to similar things
Ignoring new stimuli
162
What is the memory process of putting info in memory, keeping info in memory, and getting info from memory?
Encoding, storage, retrieval
Chunking, mnemonics, spacing effect
Sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory
Working memory, explicit memory, implicit memory
163
What is the somatic nervous system?
Controls automatic functions
Slows down body
Controls voluntary movement
Brain and spinal cord

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