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ecology test review
ecology test review
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1
Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem?
concentration of oxygen in the ecosystem
type of soil in the ecosystem
Average temperature of the ecosystem
number and kinds of predators in the ecosystem
2
An organisms that cannot make its own food is called a(an)
producer
heterotroph
chemotroph
autotroph
3
After a volcanic eruption __________________ start breaking down rock and producing soil.
animals
lichens
parasites
climax species
4
Water lilies do not grow in desert sand because water availability to these plants in a desert is
a competition factor
a limitng factor
none of the answers
the carrying capacity
5
As resources in a population becoem less available, the population
enters a phase of exponential growth
increases slowly
reaches carrying capacity
declines rapidly
6
The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called the
trophic mass
organic mass
biomass
energy mass
7
A population
an assemblage of different populations that live togetehr in a defined area
is a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominat communities
is all of the members of a particular species that live in one area
collection of organisms in a palce, together with nonliving environment
8
Which characteristic determines whether an organism is a producer, a consumer, or a decomposer?
how it maintains homeostasis
how it reproduces
how it moves
how it obtains food
9
What animals eat both producers and consumers?
omnivores
herbivores
chemotrophs
autotrophs
10
A relationship in which one organism is helped and the other organism is neither helped nor harmed is called
mutualism
competition
commensalism
parasitism
11
What must occur in a population for it to grow?
the birthrate and the death rate remain the same
the birthrate stays the same and the death rate increases
the birthrate becomes lower than the death rate
the birthrate becomes higher than the death rate
12
One of the main characteristics of a population is its
change over time
habitat
geographic distribution
dynamics
13
Which of the following is a density-independent limiting factor
parasitism
disease
emigration
earthquake
14
All animals and fungi can be classified as
omnivores
herbivores
producers
consumers
15
Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?
communities make up species, which make up populations
species make up communities, which make up populations
populations makeup species, which make up communities
species make up populations, which make up communities
16
The rate at which organic matter is created by producers in an ecosystem is called
fertilization
a limiting nutrient
primary productivity
an algal bloom
17
Countries in the first stage of demographic transition have
a low death rate and a high birthrate
a high death rate and a low birth rate
more old people than young people
a slowly growing population
18
Which type of pyramid is shown in the picture?
an energy pyramid
a number pyramid
a food pyramid
a biomass pyramid
19
Which will reduce competition within a species' population?
fewer resoures
higher population density
fewer individuals
higher birthrate
20
Demography is the scientific study of
human populations
modernized countries
none of the answers
parasitism and disease
21
The human population experienced exponential growth after
plowing and irrigation began
teh bubonic plague began
the industrial revolution began
agriculture began
22
The series of predictable changes that occurs in a community over time is called
climate change
population growth
climax community
ecological succession
23
Generally, which has the greatest effect on determining the climate of a region?
month of the year
longitude
prevailing winds
distance from the equator
24
All of the members of a particular species that live in one area are called a(an)
community
ecosystem
biome
population
25
How many first level consumers are there for the carrots in the figure?
3
2
1
0
26
What does the range of a population tell you that density does not?
the number that live in an area
the areas inhabited by a population
the deaths per unit area
the births per unit area
27
A mouse that has eaten an insect that fed on a plant is a
second-level consumer
first-level consumer
third-level consumer
first-level producer
28
In which way are plants in a sunny mountain meadow and sulfur bacteria deep-sea volcanic vent alike?
they both use photosynthesis to make their own food
they both use chemosynthesis to produce their own food
they both produce carbon and hydrogen
they both produce carbohydrates and oxygen
29
Which biome is characterized by very low temperatures, little precipitation, and permafrost?
temperate forest
desert
tropical dry forest
tundra
30
Which is one way a wetland ecosystem differs from a standing water ecosystem?
wetlands are salty, but standing-water ecosystems are fresh
water does not always cover a wetland as it does a standing-water ecosystem
water circulates in a standing-water ecosystem but not in a wetland
wetlands are nesting areas for birds, but standign-water ecosystems are not
31
An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism is called
predation
mutualism
competition
symbiosis
32
What animals eat mostly other animals?
herbivores
omnivores
autotrophs
carnivores
33
A predator can increase the numbers of certain species in its habitat by
killing and eating the competitors of other species
crowding out the species it does not eat
living symbiotically with other species
avoiding certain prey species
34
Natural disturbances, such as fires or hurricanes, can result in
commensalism
succession
parasitism
competition
35
An organism that uses energy to produce its own food supply from inorganic compounds is called
consumer
heterotroph
detritovore
producer
36
How is carbon stored in the biosphere?
underground as fossil fuels and calcium carbonate rock
in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide
all of the answers
in the oceans as dissolved carbon dioxide
37
The photic zone
extends to a depth of about 200 meters
is where chemosynthetic bacteria are the producers
is deep, cold, and permanently dark
extends to the bottom of the open ocean
38
A disease resulting in the deaths of one third of a dense population of bats in a cave would be a
density-dependent limiting factor
result of exponential growth
density-independent limiting factor
nutrient limiting factor
39
What is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems?
sunlight
carbohydrats
carbon
water
40
A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is
mutalism
commensalism
parasitism
predation
41
What organisms in the graph are responsible for returning nitrogen back to the air?
animals
decomposers
plants
bacteria
42
Organisms that obtain nutrients by breaking down dead and decaying plants and amimals are called
producers
decomposers
omnivores
autotrophs
43
A mountain lion stalks, kills, and then eats a bunny. Based on its behavior, which ecological terms described
herbivore, decomposer
autotroph, herbivore
producer, heterotroph
carnivore, consumer
44
When individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate, it is called
exponential growth
growth density
multiple growth
logistic growth
45
The unequal heating of Earth's surface
all of the answers
has important effects on Earth's climate regions
drives wind and ocean currents
causes winds that transport heat throughout the biosphere
46
What is the process by which bacteria convert nitrogen gas in the air to ammonia?
excretion
decomposition
denitrification
nitrogen fixation
47
If a nutrient is in such short supply in an ecosystem that it affects an animal's growth, the
nutrient leaves the food chain
animal becomes a decomposer
substance is a limiting nutrient
ecosystem will not survive
48
Which factor(s) can influence continual change in an ecosystem?
further disturbances
introduction of nonnative species
all the answers
long-term climate changes
49
Which of the following occurs during the ecological succession of an ecosystem?
changes occur that are caused by organims outside the ecosystem
parts of a community split off to form new communities
an ecosystem reaches a final, unchanging stage
living organisms modify their environemnt a little at a time
50
If there is 10,000 calories in the corn, how many calories are left for the mouse in the figure?
10,000
50,000
5,000
1,000
51
How many energy transferring steps is the snake away from the sun in the figure
1
2
3
0
52
Which of the following has a direct role in the nitrogen cycle?
all of the answers
decomposers
legumes
bacteria
53
Climate conditions in a small area that differ significantly from the climate of the surrounding area are called
biomes
natural features
microclimate
ecosystems
54
The trophic levels in the figure illustrate
the relative amount of energy at each level
the amount of living organic matter at each level
that the producers outnumber first-level consumers
the relative number of individual organisms at each level
55
A biotic or abiotic resource in the environment that causes a population size to decrease is a
limiting factor
growth factor
limiting nutrient
carrying capacity
56
Most of the energy available to a consumer trophic level is used by organisms for
transfer to the next trophic level
performing photosynthesis
respiration, movement, and reproduction
producing inorganic chemical compounds
57
The chemsitry of aquatic ecosystems is determined by the
biotic and abiotic factors in the water
amount of rainfall the water receives
amount of salts, nutrients, and oxygen dissolved in the water
the number of other organisms present in the water
58
The algae at the beginning of the food chain pictured are
autotrophs
decomposers
consumers
heterotrophs
59
The average year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region are referred to as
climate
weather
ecosystem
latitude
60
What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web?
food chain
food pyramid
energy path
trophic level
61
Demographic transitionn is change from high birthrates and high deathrates to
exponential growth
indefinite growth
a low birthrate and a high death rate
a low birthrate and a low death rate
62
Temperature on Earth remains within a suitable range for life as we know it because of the
greenhouse effect
unequal heating of Earth's surface
loss of heat to space
radiation of sunlight back into the atmosphere
63
A mountain can affect climate by
causing precipitation to fall mostly on one side of the mountain
pushing a cool air mass back out over the ocean
absorbing more solar energy at th epeak than at the base of the mountain
interferrign with air currents and affecting Earth's rotation
64
Matter can recycle through the biosphere because
matter is passed out of the body as waste
biologicla systems use only carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen
matter is assembled into chemical compounds
biological systems do not use up matter, they transform it
65
In a logistic growth curve, exponential growth is the phase in which the population
growth stops
grows quickly
growth begins to slow down
reaches carrying capacity
66
The tendency for warm air to rise and cool air to sink results in
unequal heat distribution
regional precipitation
ocean upwellings
global wind patterns
67
What process enures nutrients are circulated throughout the biosphere?
energy cycle
biogeochemical cycle
transpiration cycle
cell cycle
68
Organisms need nutrients in order to
recycle chemical compounds
utilize hydrogen and oxygen
carry out essential life functions
carry out nitrogen fixation
69
Earth has three main climate zones because of the differences in latitude and, thus,
amount of precipitation received
prevailing winds
ocean currents
angle of heating
70
Which of the following can influence the climate in a small area withing a biome?
the average temperature and precipitation
the greenhouse effect
natural features such as a lake
the latitude of the biome
71
In which way does the figure differ from a typical model of trophic levels?
third-level consumers outnumber second-level consumers
first-level consumers outnumber producers
second-level consumers outnumber first-level consumers
first-level consumers outnumber second-level consumers
72
The simplest grouping of more than one kind of organism in the biosphere is
a community
an ecosystem
a population
a species
73
Which of these is a decomposer in an Oklahoma forest?
a pine tree
a dandelion
a catepillar
a mushroom
74
Which of the following would most likely cause an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide?
melting of the polar ice caps
decreased burning of fossil fuels
increased biomass
increased burning of fossil fuels
a faster rate of photosynthesis
75
The branch of biology dealing with interactions among organsims and between organisms and their environment is called
recycling
modeling
economy
ecology
76
Several species of warblers can live in the same spruce tree only because they
can find differnet temperatures within the tree
eat different foods within the tree
occupy different niches within the tree
have different habitats within the tree
77
If corn suddenly declined in numbers, how would the mouse and carrot populations be affected?
the mice population would decrease as well as the carrot population
the mice population would increase as well as the carrot population
mice population would decrease while the carrot population would increase
the mice population would increase while the carrot population decreased
78
Based on the graph, which of the following is most likely?
carbon dixoide levels and overall temperature will increase
warm temperatures are increasing the carbon dioxide concentration
carbon dioxide levels will soon decline
temperatures elsewhere must decrease
79
A community
all organisms that live in a place, together with the nonliving environment
is the combined portions of Earth in whic all livng things exist
a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities
an assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area
80
Different species can share the same habitat, but competition among them is reduced if they
reproduce at different times
eat less
occupy different niches
increase their populations
81
Which is a factor that could interrupt the progress of succession?
colonization of surfaces by lichens
long-term fluctuation in climate
another natural disturbance
different animals appearing each stage
82
Nitrogen fixationis carried out primarily by
humans
plants
consumers
bacteria
83
If a popoulation grows larger than the carrying capacity of the environment, the
death rate must fall
birthrate must fall
birthrate may rise
death rate may rise
84
Which type of pyramid shows the amount of living tissue at each trophic level in an ecosystem?
a numbers pyramid
a biomass pyramid
a food pyramid
an energy pyramid
85
The greenhouse effect is
a natural phenomenon that maintains Earth's temperature range
the result of the differences in the angle of the sun's rays
the result of an excess of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
unnatural phenomenon that where heat energy radiates back to the atmosphere
86
Climate is a global factor that produces
the shape and elevation of landmasses
Earth's unique ocean and atmosphere
solar energy within the atmospher
a wide range of environmental conditions that shapes communities
87
No two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time
becasue of the interactions that shape the ecosystem
unless the species require different abiotic factors
becasue of the competitive exclusion principle
unless the species require different abiotic factors
88
The repeated movements of water between Earth's surface and the atmosphere is called
precipitation
the condensation
the water cycle
evaporation
89
How many trophic levels are between the insects and the owl?
three
four
two
one
90
According to the food web, when eating a shrew, the hawk is a
producer
second-level consumer
first-level consumer
third-level consumer
91
What cycle is shown in the picture?
carbon
water
phosphorus
nitrogen
92
A bee gets nectar from a flower while at the same time pollinating the flower. This example of symbiosis is called?
mutualism
commensalism
parasitism
predation
93
A biome is identified by its particular set of abiotic factors and its
average precipitation and temperature
distance from the equator
charateristic ecological community
specific geographical location
94
All the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem make up a food
network
web
chain
interaction
95
The loss of heat to space is slowed by
atmospheric gases
radiation entering the atmosphere
solar energy
the biosphere
96
What producer is eaten by the most animals in the figure?
carrots
corn
tree
flowering shrub
97
The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because
energy forms chemical compounds and nutrients are lost as heat
nutrients flow in one direction and energy recycles
energy flows in one direction and nutrients recycle
energy is limited in the biosphere and nutrients are always available
98
How can a daigram of a population's age structure predict how it can grow?
it shows how many people are at reproductive age
it shows how many people will probably die within a few years
all answers
it shows how many people are entering the popualtion by birth
99
According to the food chain pictured, the small fishes are
second-level consumers
decomposers
first-level consumers
first-level autotrophs
100
What is happening in a population as it decreases?
the death rate becomes higher than the birthrate
the death rate stays the same and the birthrate increases
the birthrate and the death rate remain the same
the death rate becomes lower than the birthrate
