Which of the following is an attribute of living things?

They must be able to evolve and adapt.

How is the information encoded in DNA actually used by organisms?

information in DNA is transcribed to RNA and then translated into protein.

In a group of water molecules, hydrogen bonds form between _____.

oxygen atom in 1 water molecule and hydrogen atom in another water molecule

Which observations/inferences led Charles Darwin to his theory of natural selection as a mechanism for evolution?

Darwin synthesized his theory of natural selection from all of the above

Water is a polar molecule. This means that _____.

the opposite ends of the molecule have opposite electrical charges

The amount of heat required to convert 1 g of any substance from the liquid to the gaseous state is defined as _____.

the heat of vaporization of that substance

Adding a base tends to _____ of a solution.

lower the hydrogen ion concentration and increase the pH

The absorption of human-generated CO2 by the oceans _____.

All of the listed responses are correct.

What do cohesion, surface tension, and adhesion have in common with reference to water?

All are properties related to hydrogen bonding.

Hydrophilic substances, but not hydrophobic substances, _____.

have charges and partial charges to which water molecules can adhere

With evolution as the core theme of biology, traits that DIFFER among organisms as evidence of _____.

adaptation through natural selection

Adding acid tends to _____ of a solution.

increase the hydrogen ion concentration and lower the pH

The best method for determining whether bean plants require sodium is to _____?

grow bean plants with and without sodium

How does the polarity of water contribute to its ability to dissolve so many substances?

Water molecules form a hydration shell around oppositely charged particles.

Which group is capable of hydrogen bonding with an oxygen atom on another functional group?

All of the listed responses are correct

Some substances, such as oil and gasoline, will not dissolve in water because _____.

molecule has no charge or partial charge to which water molecule can adhere

Experimentation is only one part of the process of scientific inquiry, but it is a very important step because it?

allows rejection of a hypotheses

Which of the following statements describes a reversible reaction that has reached chemical equilibrium?

The rate of the reverse reaction equals the rate of the forward reaction.

Ethanol, propanol, and methanol are three simple alcohols. They can be grouped together because they…

all share the same functional group: a hydroxyl

Ionic bonds form as a result of _____.

attraction between ions that have opposite charges

How are the following two compounds similar?

All of the listed responses are correct.

a compound that donates hydrogen ions to a solution

In a hydrolysis reaction, _____, and in this process water is _____.

a polymer is broken up into its constituent monomers ... consumed

Which of the following is NOT an attribute of living things?

All living things require oxygen.

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Biology Chapters 1-5 Practice Test (Part 1)

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This Biology practice test covers chapters 1-5 and is used for study purposes. This is also a college-level Biology course

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Questions 100

Answers

1
What is the appropriate term for an interacting group of individuals of a single type occupying a defined area?
Ecosystem
Population
Species
Community
2
The ionized or dissociated carboxyl group may be written as _____.
NH4+
-C=O
-COO-
-OH
3
A hydrogen bond _____.
is a function of hydrophobic interactions
is a weak chemical bond
is a strong chemical bond
is one in which two hydrogen atoms bond to each other
4
There are _____ naturally occurring elements?
108
4
25
92
5
With evolution as the core theme of biology, we can explain traits shared by organisms as evidence of _____
coincidence
descent from a common ancestor
systems
6
Understanding how that protein works with other proteins in a cell is an example of _____.
systems biology
reductionism
7
Cellulose is a _____ made of many _____.
lipid ... triacylglycerols
polypeptide ... monomers
carbohydrate ... fatty acids
polymer ... glucose molecules
8
Which of the following is an attribute of living things?
They must be able to evolve and adapt.
They must be dependent on oxygen.
They must be able to reproduce sexually.
All of the listedresponses are correct.
9
When one or more pairs of valence electrons are shared by two neutral atoms, what type of bond is formed?
a neutral bond
a hydrogen bond
a covalent bond
an ionic bond
10
Choose the pair that completes this sentence about functional groups in organic chemistry: Carboxyl is to_as_ is to base
sulfhydryl ... carbonyl
hydroxyl ... amino
acid ... carbonyl
acid ... amino
11
How is the information encoded in DNA actually used by organisms?
The information in the DNA diffuses throughout the cell.
DNA is translated into protein and then transcribed to RNA.
information in DNA is transcribed to RNA and then translated into protein.
Proteins are built directly from the information in the DNA.
12
In what polysaccharide form do plants store glucose to be available later as an energy source?
Glycogen
Starch
Protein
Cellulose
13
In a group of water molecules, hydrogen bonds form between _____.
the hydrogen atoms in a single water molecule
two hydrogen atoms in different water molecules
the oxygen atoms in different water molecules
oxygen atom in 1 water molecule and hydrogen atom in another water molecule
14
Which observations/inferences led Charles Darwin to his theory of natural selection as a mechanism for evolution?
Individuals in a population of any species vary in many heritable traits.
Darwin synthesized his theory of natural selection from all of the above
chances of individuals in a population surviving/reproducing are unequal.
15
Water is a polar molecule. This means that _____.
All of the above
water is one of the many hydrophobic molecules
water molecules are linear, like a pole
the opposite ends of the molecule have opposite electrical charges
16
Which of the following domains is prokaryotic?
Eukarya
Protista
Fungi
Archaea
17
The amount of heat required to convert 1 g of any substance from the liquid to the gaseous state is defined as _____.
the specific heat of that substance
1 calorie
the heat of fusion of that substance
the heat of vaporization of that substance
18
Adding a base tends to _____ of a solution.
lower the hydrogen ion concentration and increase the pH
increase the hydrogen ion concentration and lower the pH
lower the hydroxide ion concentration and lower the pH
increase the hydrogen ion concentration and increase the pH
19
The absorption of human-generated CO₂ by the oceans _____.
All of the listed responses are correct.
increases the oceanic concentration of carbonic acid
increases the hydrogen ion concentration in the oceans
increases the oceans' acidity
20
Which of the following molecules has a carboxyl functional group?
R-OPO3-2
R-COH
R-SH
R-COOH
21
What do cohesion, surface tension, and adhesion have in common with reference to water?
All are results of the structure of the hydrogen atom.
All are properties related to hydrogen bonding.
All are produced by covalent bonding.
All are aspects of a crystalline structure.
22
Hydrophilic substances, but not hydrophobic substances, _____.
are repelled by water
have charges and partial charges to which water molecules can adhere
have a higher bond energy than water
give up electrons to solvents
23
With evolution as the core theme of biology, traits that DIFFER among organisms as evidence of _____.
adaptation through natural selection
adaptation
reductionism
chance
24
The type of bond that forms to join monomers such as sugar, amino acids into polymers such as starch, proteins is__ bond
hydrogen
peptide
ionic
covalent
25
Which of the following molecules is a monosaccharide?
C25H43O8
C6H12O6
C45H84O8PN
C51H98O6
26
Adding acid tends to _____ of a solution.
decrease the hydrogen ion concentration and raise the pH
increase the hydrogen ion concentration and lower the pH
increase the hydrogen ion concentration and raise the pH
either increase or decrease the pH, depending on the original acidity
27
The best method for determining whether bean plants require sodium is to _____?
analyze root contents for sodium
look for sodium in leaf tissues using autoradiography
measure the amount of sodium in a few bean plants
grow bean plants with and without sodium
28
Phosphorus-32 (radioactive) has _____ than phosphorus-35 (normal).
three more protons
three fewer neutrons
three more neutrons
three fewer protons
29
How does the polarity of water contribute to its ability to dissolve so many substances?
Water molecules form a hydration shell around oppositely charged particles.
All of the above
Water's polarity allows it to form covalent bonds with many substances
Because its polar, water forms ionic bonds with the ions in substances
30
Which group is capable of hydrogen bonding with an oxygen atom on another functional group?
Hydroxyl
Amino
Carboxylic acid
All of the listed responses are correct
31
Neutral chlorine has an atomic number of 17. It has _____ electrons in its third shell.
Two
Eight
Seven
ten
32
Some substances, such as oil and gasoline, will not dissolve in water because _____.
molecule has no charge or partial charge to which water molecule can adhere
oil and gasoline are organic compounds
their molecules are so large
electrons are stable that they do not exchange atom with water molecules
33
Experimentation is only one part of the process of scientific inquiry, but it is a very important step because it?
ensures that the variable being tested is measured without error
gives the investigator a systematic, unbiased result
allows rejection of a hypotheses
ensures that hypotheses can be confirmed with certainty
34
Isotopes of an element will always differ in _____?
number of protons
atomic mass
atomic number
number of electrons
35
Which of the following statements describes a reversible reaction that has reached chemical equilibrium?
The rate of the reverse reaction equals the rate of the forward reaction.
The rate of the forward reaction exceeds the rate of the reverse reaction.
The rate of the reverse reaction exceeds the rate of the forward reaction.
The forward and the reverse reactions have stopped.
36
An element has 8 protons, 9 neutrons, and 8 electrons. Its atomic number and atomic mass, respectively, are _____?
9 and 16
8 and 16
9 and 17
8 and 17
37
Carbohydrates are used in our bodies mainly for _____.
membrane construction
energy storage and release
structural molecules, such as hair and fingernails
building genetic material
38
Which element is always associated with organic chemistry?
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Carbon
Sulfur
39
Ethanol, propanol, and methanol are three simple alcohols. They can be grouped together because they…
are soluble in water
all share the same functional group: a hydroxyl
all contain a carbonyl group
increase the acidity of solutions
40
Which of these is found in all amino acids?
both -COOH and -NH2
OH
COOH
NH2
41
An atom that normally has _____ in its outer shell would not tend to form chemical bonds with other atoms?
eight electrons
four electrons
one electron
three electrons
42
Ionic bonds form as a result of _____.
attraction between ions that have opposite charges
attraction between hydrogen and other atoms that share electrons unequally
sharing of electron pairs between atoms
the asymmetric distribution of electrons in constant motion
43
How are the following two compounds similar?
Isomers and Hydrocarbons
Organic compounds
All of the listed responses are correct.
Double-bonded compounds
44
The tendency of water molecules to stay close to each other as a result of hydrogen bonding _____.
acts to moderate temperature
All of the above
provides the surface tension that allows leaves to float on water
is called cohesion
45
Which of the following dissociations is that of an acid?
HF → H+ + F-
KOH → K+ + OH-
NH3 + H+ → NH4+
H2O → H+ + OH-
46
An acid is _____.
a solution with a pH between 7 and 14
any compound that accepts hydrogen ions
a material that resists changes in the pH of a solution
a compound that donates hydrogen ions to a solution
47
How many electrons would be present in the valence shell of a sulfur atom (atomic number 16, mass number 32)
six electrons
four electrons
eight electrons
one electron
48
Hydrophobic molecules are _____ water.
repelled by
attracted to
absorbed by
polarized by
49
In a hydrolysis reaction, _____, and in this process water is _____.
a monomer is broken up into its constituent polymers ... produced
a polymer is broken up into its constituent monomers ... consumed
a polymer is broken up into its constituent monomers ... produced
monomers areassembled to produce a polymer ... produced
50
Which of the following is NOT an attribute of living things?
Populations of living things evolve.
They convert energy from one form to another.
All living things require oxygen.
All living things use DNA as their genetic material.
51
Sequencing a protein to discover the sequence of amino acids that make it up is an example of _____.
inductive reasoning
systems biology
reductionism
hypothesis-driven science
52
What are the six most important chemical elements of life?
carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, hydrogen, iron, magnesium
carbon, nitrogen, calcium, oxygen, phosphate, iron
carbon, nitrogen, calcium, zinc, iron, hydrogen
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, phosphate, sulfur
53
A sodium atom has a mass number of 23. Its atomic number is 11. How many electrons does it have if it is not an ion?
12
34
11
22
54
Which of the following four statements, if any, is true regarding essential elements and living organisms?
The elements carbon hydrogen nitrogen oxygen makeup 20-25% of living mass.
All organisms require 25 of the 92 naturally occurring elements to survive.
All of the listed responses are correct.
all form of life need iron other elemenʦ are needed only by certain species
55
A theory is _____?
not correct unless it is several years old
a well-supported concept that has broad explanatory power
the same thing as a hypothesis
a poorly supported idea that has little backing but might be correct
56
Which kingdom within the domain Eukarya is composed of organisms that are generally unicellular (single-celled)?
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
Animalia
57
A solution at pH 6 contains _____ than the same amount of solution at pH 8.
100 times more H+
4 times less H+
2 times more H+
100 times less H+
58
A glass of grapefruit juice, at pH 3, contains _____ H⁺ as a glass of tomato juice, at pH 4.
three times as much
one-tenth as much
half as much
ten times as much
59
Emergent properties of living systems are defined as properties that _____.
define the cell's surroundings
are evident during only one portion of the life cycle of an organism
are apparent only when an organism is studied at the molecular level
are due to arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases
60
Water is a very versatile solvent because water molecules are _____.
Nonpolar
Volatile
Hydrophobic
Polar
61
Which of the following subatomic particles has appreciable mass and lacks a charge?
Electron
Element
Neutron
Proton
62
What are the four most abundant elements found in living systems?
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide
hydrogen, oxygen, calcium, and nitrogen
magnesium, calcium, iron, and zinc
63
A molecule that has all nonpolar covalent bonds would be _____.
hydrophilic
basic (alkaline)
Ionic
hydrophobic
64
Which of the following functional groups increases the solubility of organic compounds in water?
All of the listed responses are correct.
SH
NH2
COOH and COH
65
When the pH of a solution shifts from 7 to 3, how has the hydrogen ion concentration changed?
It has increased by 4 times.
It has increased by 10,000 times.
It has not changed.
It has decreased by 4 times.
66
Pure water has a pH of 7. Why does uncontaminated rainwater have a pH of 5.6?
presence of nitric acid
burning of fossil fuels
presence of sulfuric acid
formation of carbonic acid from carbon dioxide and water
67
The chemical characteristics or reactivity of an element depend mostly on the _____.
mean energy level of its electrons
number of electron shells present in the atoms
degree to which it has more or fewer electrons than protons
number of electrons in its outermost shell
68
Because molecules of water are farther apart in ice than in liquid water, _____.
ice expands when it melts
All of the above
ice floats
ice vaporizes before liquid water does
69
The energy used by most organisms for metabolism and growth ultimately comes from _____.
the sun
Heat
carbon dioxide
decomposition of plants and other organic debris
70
A substance that minimizes changes in the concentration of H⁺ and OH^- in a solution is a
Hydrocarbon
strong base
NaCl
Buffer
71
Hydrogen bonds occur when _____.
2 atoms gain stable electron configuration by sharing electrons together
partial opposite charge on molecules come close enough to attract eachother
A molecule with partial charges contacts a molecule without partial charges
None of the listed responses is correct
72
Which action would involve the greatest transfer of heat?
changing the temperature of 1 g of water from 10°C to 90°C
raising the temperature of 10 g of ethyl alcohol by 25°C
condensing 5 g of steam to liquid water
cooling 10 g of water from 80°C to 40°C
73
What is the molecule that can account for both the unity and the diversity of life?
Protein
DNA
Mutation
Lipids
74
A covalent bond is likely to be polar if _____.
one of the atoms sharing electrons is much more electronegative.
the two atoms sharing electrons are equally electronegative
the two atoms sharing electrons are of the same element
it is between two atoms that are both very strong electron acceptors
75
For most atoms, a stable configuration of electrons is attained when the atom _____?
achieves a zero net charge
has eight electrons in its outermost shell
has as many protons as neutrons
has moved all its electrons to its outermost shell
76
Which of the following carbohydrate molecules has the lowest molecular weight?
Sucrose
Glucose
Chitin
Lactose
77
Which of the following is a trace element?
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Copper
78
A polar covalent bond is a bond that _____.
has shared electrons pulled closer to the more electronegative atom
is found only in H2O
shares electrons equally between atoms
is found only in molecules containing oxygen
79
An uncharged atom of nitrogen (atomic number = 7) has _____?
seven valence electrons
seven neutrons and seven electrons
seven protons and seven neutrons
seven protons and seven electrons
80
The carbon atom is tetravalent; this means that:
a carbon atom can complete its valence shell by forming four covalent bonds
carbon's first electron shell holds four electrons
carbon readily forms ionic bonds
carbon has a total of four electrons
81
When the proton number and electron number are unequal, the atom or molecule _____.
gains or loses a proton
is an ion
forms a covalent bond with another atom
gains or loses a neutron
82
Which of the following statements is true about chemical reactions?
They involve the making and breaking of chemical bonds.
Only inorganic molecules can participate in chemical reactions.
They may have different #'s of a given atom on each side of equation arrow.
They represent the way matter is created and destroyed.
83
The amount of heat required to change the temperature of 1 g of any substance by one °C is defined as _____.
the specific heat of that substance
molecular cohesion
1 calorie
the heat of vaporization of that substance
84
The reason that coastal climates are more moderate than inland climates is due primarily to water's high _____.
density
surface tension
specific heat
heat of fusion
85
Which of the following are properties of hydrocarbons?
hydrophobic, polar, charged
hydrophobic, containing numerous amine groups, polar
hydrophilic, containing numerous carboxyl groups, nonpolar
hydrophobic, nonpolar, good source of stored energy
86
Which series of terms is in the correct sequence of biological organization, from the simplest to the most complex?
cell, tissue, organ, population, community
molecule, tissue, cell, organelle, organ
community, population, ecosystem, habitat, biosphere
tissue, organ system, organ, cell, organism
87
Which of the following statements best describes what is meant by "emergence"?
Only life displays emergence.
The sum of the partsis greater than the whole
Emergence is observed at the microscopic level of biology or atomic level
The whole is greater than the sum of the parts.
88
The number of protons in an uncharged atom _____?
determines its mass number
equals the number of neutrons
equals the number of electrons
equals the number of electrons in the outer orbital of the atom
89
Which of these is a thiol?
-NH2
-COH
-SH
-OH
90
Natural selection tends to act at which of the following levels?
Species
Phylum
Kingdom
Population
91
The polysaccharide that you are most likely to have eaten recently is _____.
Glucose
Starch
Lactose
Chitin
92
A straight-chain carbon compound constructed from _________ must contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
eight hydrogen, three carbon, three oxygen
six hydrogen, two carbon, one oxygen
six hydrogen, three carbon
14 hydrogen, 6 carbon
93
Which of the following has negligible mass?
Neutron
Proton
Atom
Electron
94
Which of the following molecules has the shape of a completed tetrahedron?
water (H2O)
methane (CH4)
oxygen gas (O2)
glucose (C6H12O6)
95
What is the process by which monomers are linked together to form polymers?
protein formation
monomerization
dehydration or condensation reactions
coiling
96
Which of the following is a polymer?
glucose, an energy-rich molecule
fructose, a component of sucrose
testosterone, a steroid hormone
cellulose, a plant cell wall component
97
Which is an organic molecule?
O2
NaCl
H2O
CH4
98
Nonpolar molecules that cluster away from water molecules are called _____ molecules.
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
Saponified
Ionic
99
Which functional group would you predict is part of abscisic acid (ABA)?
Sulfhydryl
Amino
Carboxyl
Hydroxyl
100
In an ecosystem, nutrients _____ and energy _____.
are wasted ... is burned
cycle ... flows through
disappear ... cannot be created nor destroyed
are created ... is lost

Biology Chapters 1-5 Practice Test (Part 1) Flashcards | StudBud