How would you give an age of a sample of rock that you think is one of the oldest on Earth?

Use a radioactive isotope with a long half-life.

Polygenic traits like height, eye color, and hair color have...

many genotypes and many phenotypes within the population

Sexual reproduction contributes to genetic diversity by allowing

two parents to pass along recombined genes.

Which of the following statements must be true for a clade to survive?

Speciation must be greater than extinction.

Choose three: The sources of genetic variation include

lateral gene transfer (conjugation), gene shuffling through sexual reproduction and crossing over, mutations

Earth’s early atmosphere was made of mostly

carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen.

In 1859, Darwin published his revolutionary scientific ideas in book entitled ______________.

On the Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection

Which of the following is a vestigial structure?

appendix, tailbones, and wisdom teeth in humans

What does the presence of similar DNA sequences in the genes in very different organisms imply?

They are more closely related than they appear.

Gradualism is a pattern of evolution in which

a species evolves at a slow, steady pace.

The endosymbiotic theory says that eukaryotic cells

came from groups of prokaryotic cells becoming interdependent.

Select THREE answers: A short-neck giraffe living among long-neck giraffes dies. Why?

Survival of the Fittest, Adaptation, Natural Selection

Which of the following did Darwin NOT CONCLUDE based on his trip aboard the H.M.S Beagle?

Species are always perfectly adapted to their environment and never change

Mass extinctions _______.

allow opportunities for other species to move into new areas

Through ___________, all species, living or extinct, are linked on a single tree of life.

Descent with Modifications or adaptations

According to Darwin, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have....

features best suited to the their environment

The finches on the Galapagos Islands have some similar physical characteristics other than their beaks because

they descended from a common ancestor, a mainland South American finch

Homologous structures, like those in the diagram, provide evidence of

common ancestry and therefore divergent evolution

What process could explain how 2 fossils of the same animal is found on 2 different continents thousands of miles apart?

continental drift-plate tectonics

Why is the kingdom “Protista” NOT considered a clade under evolutionary classification?

Protists have several different ancestors, not a single common one.

According to the cladogram, which is TRUE?

Reptiles and amphibians do not have hair.

Of the following types of evidence for evolution, which is considered the "newest" field to support change over time?

Molecular Genetics-DNA, RNA and Amino acid sequences

Select TWO answers: Which of the following is true about ADAPTATIONS?

Increase organisms' ability to survive and reproduce, Must be passed down from parent to offspring

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Answers

1
How would you give an age of a sample of rock that you think is one of the oldest on Earth?
Use a radioactive isotope with a short half-life.
Look at its location compared to other rocks.
Use an index fossil.
Use a radioactive isotope with a long half-life.
2
Polygenic traits like height, eye color, and hair color have...
only 2 phenotypes
only 3 genotypes
none of these
many genotypes and many phenotypes within the population
3
Sexual reproduction contributes to genetic diversity by allowing
unmixed genes from two parents to be passed to offspring.
two parents to pass along recombined genes.
a single parent to pass along a full set genes to offspring.
a single parent to pass along mixed genes.
4
Which of the following statements must be true for a clade to survive?
Speciation must not change over time.
Extinction must be greater than speciation.
Speciation must be greater than extinction.
Speciation must be less than extinction.
5
Choose three: The sources of genetic variation include
lateral gene transfer (conjugation)
nonrandom mating
gene shuffling through sexual reproduction and crossing over
mutations
6
Earth’s early atmosphere was made of mostly
carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen.
hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide.
oxygen and water vapor.
oxygen and carbon monoxide.
7
When few individuals survive after a disaster leaving only a fraction of the original phenotypes, this is called a
Mass Effect
Placebo Effect
Population Effect
Bottleneck Effect
8
All the genes within a population of organisms is called a ______________________
Gene Pool
Genotype
Natural Selection
Polygenetic
9
Skin pigmentation, height in humans or variation of beaks in finches are examples of
regulating traits
monohybrid crosses
polygenic traits
single-gene traits
10
To compare the relative ages of rocks, scientists use a widespread and easily recognizable
sedimentary fossil.
radioactive fossil.
index fossil.
carbon fossil.
11
In 1859, Darwin published his revolutionary scientific ideas in book entitled ______________.
The Greatest Islands: The Galapagos
Evolution of the United States
Principles of Geography: A Look at Geographical Formations
On the Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection
12
Of the choices: A population in genetic equilibrium will meet the following conditions according to Hardy-Weinberg
preferential, nonrandom mating
no immigration or emigration
natural selection
mutations
13
Which of the following is a vestigial structure?
scales and eyes in fish
appendix, tailbones, and wisdom teeth in humans
wings on bats versus wings on a honeybee
blowholes and fins in whales
14
Fossilized evidence of Earth's first forms of life would consist of
invertebrates
vertebrates
prokaryotes
eukaryotes
15
What does the presence of similar DNA sequences in the genes in very different organisms imply?
The genes were produced by different selection pressures.
The organisms do not share a common ancestor.
They are more closely related than they appear.
The genes became the same through mutation.
16
Two separate frog species live in a pond and have different mating songs and therefore do NOT interbreed
Temporal Isolation
Geographic Isolation
Behavioral Isolation
None of these
17
Gradualism is a pattern of evolution in which
a species evolves at a slow, steady pace.
a single species evolves into several related species.
several distantly related species develop similarities.
there is little evolution interrupted by rapid evolution.
18
When lions prey on a herd of Wildebeest, some are killed & some escape due to being faster. This is an example of
survival of the fittest
reproductive isolation
acquired characteristics
descent with modifications
19
The endosymbiotic theory says that eukaryotic cells
came from groups of prokaryotic cells becoming interdependent.
don't have any orgnelles.
came before prokaryotic cells.
can't live with oxygen.
20
Natural selection in which the average phenotypes are selected for and the extremes are selected against is known as
directional selection
disruptive selection
stabilizing selection
a single-gene trait
21
In contrast to Linnaean taxonomy, cladistic analysis considers which kind of traits?
genetic characters
physical characters
lost characters
derived characters
22
Select THREE answers: A short-neck giraffe living among long-neck giraffes dies. Why?
Artificial Selection
Survival of the Fittest
Adaptation
Natural Selection
23
Which of the following did Darwin NOT CONCLUDE based on his trip aboard the H.M.S Beagle?
Species Varied Locally
Species Change Over Time
Species are always perfectly adapted to their environment and never change
Species Varied Globally
24
When allele frequencies don't change and no evolution is occurring, this is known as
Allele Order
Genetic Equilibrium
Phenotypic Balance
Genetic Drift
25
Which is TRUE about the Miller and Urey experiments?
They made eukaryote cells.
They did not make any molecules.
They made prokaryote cells.
They made amino acids.
26
The U.S. has two skunk species. One species mates in the Fall, the other species mates in Spring. This is an example of:
Behavioral Isolation
Reproductive Isolation
Geographic Isolation
Temporal Isolation
27
The basic divisions of the geologic time scale, from larger to smaller, are
eras, eons, and periods.
periods, eons, and eras.
eons, eras, and periods.
periods, eras, and eons.
28
Mass extinctions _______.
cause predators to thrive
changes developmental genes.
allow for convergent evolution
allow opportunities for other species to move into new areas
29
In Natural Selection, the _____________ "chooses" (selects) the most favorable trait for survival for a population.
Biologist
speciation
environment
breeder
30
Through ___________, all species, living or extinct, are linked on a single tree of life.
Camouflage
Descent with Modifications or adaptations
Geological forces
Struggle for Existence
31
The grouping of organisms based on their common descent is called
evolutionary classification.
derived characters.
traditional classification.
binomial nomenclature.
32
According to Darwin, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have....
features best suited to the their environment
characteristics their parents passed down
the greatest number of offspring
characteristics that farmers value
33
The wing of an insect and the wing of an eagle are examples of
Homologous Structures
Vestigial Structures
Divergent Evolution
Analogous Structures
34
Speciation is an example of
gradualism.
a macroevolutionary pattern.
punctuated equilibrium.
an extinction event.
35
The finches on the Galapagos Islands have some similar physical characteristics other than their beaks because
they all eat the same food.
they descended from a common ancestor, a mainland South American finch
they evolved the same way.
they can all interbreed.
36
Natural selection of polygenic traits in which the two extremes are favored over the average phenotypes is known as
stabilizing selection
single-gene traits
disruptive selection
directional selection
37
Homologous structures, like those in the diagram, provide evidence of
genetic variation and therefore convergent evolution
common ancestry and therefore divergent evolution
radiation and therefore divergent evolution
genetics traits and therefore convergent evolution
38
A single-gene trait for mouse fur black versus brown is 80% versus 20%. This is an example of
Gene Pool
Population Breakdown
Allele Frequency
Polygenic
39
In the tortoises, what process produced the three different neck lengths (short, medium, long) that Darwin observed?
Artificial Selection
Natural Selection
Selective Breeding
Temporal Isolation
40
James Hutton stated that geological processes have shaped Earth and said that Earth __________.
will evolve faster than ever
will not change anymore
is extremely young
is extremely old
41
When the allele frequencies of a population drastically change by chance, it's referred to as
Genetic Change
Mutation
Gene Pool
Genetic Drift
42
The Australian and American flying squirrels are very similar but distantly related. This is most likely due to
adaptive radiation.
convergent evolution.
coevolution.
gradualism.
43
What process could explain how 2 fossils of the same animal is found on 2 different continents thousands of miles apart?
continental drift-plate tectonics
volcanic eruption
ocean currents
mountain building
44
Why is the kingdom “Protista” NOT considered a clade under evolutionary classification?
Protists are all very similar to each other.
Protists evolved before other organisms.
Protists have several different ancestors, not a single common one.
Protists are the most numerous organisms on earth.
45
What were the two animals that Darwin studied the most in the Galapagos Islands?
None of these
turtles and penguins
lizards and finches
tortoises and finches
46
Comparing stages of growth before birth to determine relatedness is called ______.
survival of the fittest
comparative embryology
fitness
adaptations
47
According to the cladogram, which is TRUE?
Reptiles and amphibians do not have hair.
Reptiles are the oldest group of organisms
Amphibians and cats are most closely related.
All organisms have retractable claws.
48
Of the following types of evidence for evolution, which is considered the "newest" field to support change over time?
Comparative Embryology
Homologous Structures structures such as the forelimbs of different species
Molecular Genetics-DNA, RNA and Amino acid sequences
Fossil Record
49
Select TWO answers: Which of the following is true about ADAPTATIONS?
Increase organisms' ability to survive and reproduce
Must be passed down from parent to offspring
Ensure that only the strongest organisms survive
Allow organisms to perfectly suit their environment
50
Most fossils are found in
volcanic rock.
the sap of ancient trees.
sedimentary rock.
rusty water.
51
More offspring are produced than can survive. Competition for limited resources is the ___.
fitness
survival of the fittest
struggle for existence
adaptation
52
What does a cladistic analysis show about organisms?
all characteristics of each organism
how they are related to each other
the importance of each derived character
the fitness of the organisms
53
A group of red & yellow ladybugs leave the population, fly to an island, start a new population on the island. This is:
the Colonizer Effect
the Mass Effect
the Founder Effect
the Placebo Effect
54
The divisions of the Geologic Time Scale
are based on major changes in the life on earth.
are only based on relative dating of fossils.
are equal amounts of time.
are based on regular patterns.
55
Embryology is evidence that vertebrates evolved from a(n) ______ ancestor.
very old
distant
common
unknown
56
Which is NOT true about extinction?
Mass extinctions like dinosaurs were due to human activity.
Background extinction occurs due to natural selection.
Most organisms on Earth are now gone.
We are currently in the middle of a 6th mass extinction.
57
A plant evolves a high level of poison and the insect that eats it evolves a defense. This is
coevolution.
punctuated equilibrium.
adaptive radiation.
convergent evolution.
58
The Galapagos finches are an example of
adaptive radiation.
convergent evolution.
coevolution.
background extinction.
59
One scientific hypothesis about the origin of life holds that
proteins were the code of life.
RNA existed before DNA.
as cells evolved, they stopped using RNA entirely.
RNA replaced DNA.
60
Humans have produced different dog breeds, larger chickens, faster horses, and large ears of corn which are examples of:
Artificial Selection in a process called selective breeding
Survival of the Fittest which means the fastest and strongest
Adaptations that naturally occur without human intervention
Natural Selection in a process called selective breeding
61
To be useful as an index fossil, a species must have existed for a
short period of time over a small geographic range.
long period of time over a wide geographic range.
long period of time over a small geographic range.
short period of time over a wide geographic range.
62
What are the genotypic frequencies in a population of mice having 400 black (B_) mice and 80 brown (bb) mice?
Bbp2 = BB = 45% 2pq = Bb = 55% q2 = bb= 17%
p2 = BB = 35% 2pq = Bb = 48% q2 = bb = 17%
p= 83% and q = 17%
p = 45% and q= 55%
63
According to the Hardy-Weinberg, a condition for a population to remain in genetic equilibrium includes
Variations in individuals of a population
More individuals are born than the environment can support
Some individuals are better suited to the environment
A large population
64
Darwin's Theory of Evolution suggests that.....
species change over time
extinct species are not related to living species
animals that look alike are closely related
different species can interbreed
65
Lyell said that many ____ forces shaped the Earth and those same processes are happening in modern times.
no
population
human
geological
66
The length of time required for half of radioactive atoms to decay is
period.
half-life.
radioactive date.
relative date.
67
Embryos of fish, reptiles, birds and humans show we all have ______ at the beginning of life.
gill slits and fur
gill slits and scales
gill slits and tailbones
gill slits and snouts
68
Widow's peak, tongue-rolling, hitchhiker's thumb, are examples of
Single Gene Traits
Multiple Alleles
Gene Pool
Polygenetic Traits
69
What clade is the closest ancestor of the chimpanzee?
pigeon
cannot be determined from this diagram
lizard
mouse
70
Darwin's mechanism for explaining evolution was called?
fitness
artificial selection
descent with modifications
natural selection
71
Choose TWO answers: According to Darwin's Theory of Evolution,
modern organisms share ancient common ancestors
only the strong survive
living organisms can change over long periods of time
an individual can change to better suit its environment
72
Before Darwin, Lamark's evolutionary hypotheses stated that
variation in populations is due to genetics
only the fittest organisms survive
organisms can change using/not using their body parts
natural selection is the driving force of evolution
73
Natural selection directly acts on
genotypes
phenotypes
mutations
alleles
74
The ability for an organism to survive conditions and reproduce many offspring is called ___________________.
adaptations
homologous structures
genes
fitness
75
Several fish species go through no change for a long time, then several species appear in the fossil record. This shows
coevolution.
punctuated equilibrium.
convergent evolution.
gradualism.
76
The picture below represents...
Pie Graph to represent genetic variation in a population
Line graph to represent genetic variation in a population
Bell Curve to represent genetic variation in a population
Scatter Plot to represent genetic variation in a population
77
Why is the hagfish clade considered the outgroup?
It does not possess jaws or the other derived characters.
The perch and the rest don't like that hagfish clade don't wear Uggs.
It has jaws but no claws.
It has lungs.
78
Common descent suggests that __________, living or extinct, come from a distant common ancestor.
No species
Half of all species
all species
Some of all species
79
An adaptation is a(n):
behavioral, reproductive, and geographical isolation
result of artificial selection where humans control the results
inherited structure, feature or behavior that increases chances of survival
a struggle for existence with limited resources
80
Select THREE answers: Fossil evidence supports the idea that
modern organisms evolved from ancient organisms
the Earth is very old
all organisms are unrelated
modern organism share common ancestors
81
What cell structures contain DNA that can be used to determine evolutionary relationships?
nuclei and mitochondria
nuclei and vacuoles
nuclei and cell membranes
nuclei and ribosomes
82
The fossil record shows
that most organisms that ever lived on Earth are now gone.
that fossils forms in all kinds of rock.
a complete record of every organism that ever existed.
that only bones and teeth can become fossils.
83
Based on the time in history, Darwin's concept of natural selection could NOT have been influenced by
Lamarck's Theory of Evolution
the knowledge of DNA and its structure.
Hutton, Lyell and Malthus
his observations aboard the HMS Beagle
84
Which of the following clades is most likely to survive a series of catastrophic events?
many distantly related and diverse species
few distantly related and diverse species
many closely related and similar species
a few closely related and similar species

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