Measurement of urine osmolality is a more accurate measure of renal concentrating ability than specific gravity because

osmolality is influenced equally by small and large molecules

The most common error in measuring the glomerular filtration rate using creatinine clearance is

inaccurate timing of urine collection

The order of blood flow through the nephron is

afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries

An unpreserved specimen collected at 8am, remained at Room Temp until the afternoon shift can be expected to have

decreased glucose and ketones/increased bacteria and nitrite

The functions of the cerebrospinal fluid include all of the following EXCEPT:

transmittance of neurologic impulses

The normal kidney performs all of the following functions EXCEPT:

removes excess protein from the blood

Which of the following statements applies to the proper collection & handling of CSF?

the 3rd tube collected should be used for the cell count

Phenylketonuria is caused by

a lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

Amino acids are not normally present in the urine because

amino acids are filtered but are reabsorbed in the kidney tubules

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MLT 106 Urinalysis & Body Fluids Review

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This Quiz reviews everything taught during the MLT 106 Urinalysis and Body Fluids course at Trident Technical College, and is used in preparation for the Final Lecture Exam.

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Questions 80

Answers

1
Goodpasture's syndrome is an autoimmune disease affecting
glucose reabsorption
purine metabolism
glomerular filtration
renal blood flow
2
Identify this microscopic element.
Trichomonas vaginalis
uric acid crystals
pinworm
cholesterol crystals
3
A CSF glucose of 15mg/dL, WBC of 5000/μL, 90% neutrophils, and protein of 80mg/dL is suggestive of
fungal meningitis
tubercular meningitis
viral meningitis
bacterial meningitis
4
A urine with the same specific gravity as the ultrafiltrate is called
isosthenuric
polythenuric
ultrasthenuric
hyposthenuric
5
5-HIAA is a metabolite of
tyrosine
phenylalalnine
melanin
tryptophan
6
Which of the following findings is consistent with a subarachnoid hemorrhage rather than a traumatic tap?
xanthochromia
clearing of the fluid as it is aspirated
a clear supernatant after centrifugation
presence of a clot in the sample
7
It is sometimes necessary to determine whether a specimen is really urine. To do this one measures the concentration of
uric acid and amino acids
glucose and ketones
protein and amino acids
urea and creatinine
8
The creatinine clearance calculated in the previous question is
normal
abnormal
9
Measurement of urine osmolality is a more accurate measure of renal concentrating ability than specific gravity because
osmolality is influenced equally by small and large molecules
specific gravity measures only urea and glucose molecules
osmolality is measured by instrumentation
specific gravity is not influenced by urea and glucose molecules
10
Identify this microscopic element.
clue cells
leucine crystals
uric acid crystals
triple phosphate crystals
11
The most common error in measuring the glomerular filtration rate using creatinine clearance is
inaccurate timing of urine collection
errors in the chemical analysis
diurnal variations in creatinine production
a diet high in vegetables
12
The order of blood flow through the nephron is
afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries
afferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, glomerulus, efferent arteriole
efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, glomerulus, afferent arteriole
efferent arteriole, glomerulus, afferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries
peritubular capillaries, glomerulus, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole
13
Which of the following characterizes chronic glomerulonephritis?
hematuria
glycosuria
proteinuria with granular and waxy casts
all of these
14
What is the color of the urine of a patient with acute intermittent porphyria?
colorless
dark yellow
black
green
dark red
15
Which of the following cells may be present in small numbers in normal CSF?
macrophages
plasma cells
lymphocytes
erythrocytes
16
The initial screening for PKU on newborns, prior to their discharge from the hospital, is performed on
a sputum sample
a urine sample
a stool sample
a blood sample
17
An unpreserved specimen collected at 8am, remained at Room Temp until the afternoon shift can be expected to have
decreased glucose and ketones/increased bacteria and nitrite
increased bacteria, nitrite, and cellular elements
decreased glucose, ketones, pH, and turbidity
decreased glucose, ketones, pH & turbidity/increased bacteria, NO2, & cells
18
The Watson-Schwartz test is an extraction/solubility test used to measure
amino acids
keto acids
porphyrins
purines
19
Cessation of urine flow is termed
azotemia
diuresis
anuria
dysuria
20
Lithiasis is the condition of
gall stones
kidney stones
chronic glomerular nephritis
pyelonephritis
bladder infection
abnormal reabsorption in the tubules
21
Urine with a specific gravity consistently between 1.002 and 1.003 could indicate
acute glomerulonephritis
dehydration
diabetes insipidus
Addison's disease
renal tubular failure
22
Identify this microscopic element.
clue cells
uric acid crystals
Trichomonas vaginalis
white blood cells
23
The main components of urine are
water, urea, salt
water, urea, glucose
water, uric acid, glucose
water, uric acid, salt
24
An intact basement membrane is necessary for
tubular reabsorption
glomerular filtration
tubular secretion
renal blood flow
25
Cystitis is
kidney stones
an increase of cystine in the blood
a cyst in the renal pelvis
an infection of the bladder
26
Renal tubule epithelial cells are seen in the microscopic examination of the urine of a patient with
tubular necrosis
diabetes mellitus
acute glomerulonephritis
cystitis
27
The functions of the cerebrospinal fluid include all of the following EXCEPT:
nutritional enrichment of nervous tissue
protection of neurologic tissue from trauma
transmittance of neurologic impulses
removal of metabolic waste products
28
Which of the following specific gravity readings correlates with a very light yellow urine?
1.015
1.005
1.035
1.025
29
The normal kidney performs all of the following functions EXCEPT:
regulates the water content in the body
regulates the acid-base balance in the body
removes metabolic waste products from the blood
removes excess protein from the blood
30
The specific gravity of the fluid leaving the glomerulus is
1.010
1.000
1.030
1.020
31
A latex agglutination test is performed on the CSF of an HIV patient to detect
presence of Neisseria meningitidis
presence of neurosyphilis
presence of malignant cells
presence of Cryptococcus
32
Porphyrins are intermediate compounds in the production of
bilirubin
tyrosine
serotonin
heme
33
Calculate creatinine clearance-adult male, avg size, urine vol 1600ml/24h, urine creat 60mg/dL, serum creat 0.8mg/dL
148ml/min
83ml/min
120ml/min
67ml/min
34
Which of the following statements applies to the proper collection & handling of CSF?
the 3rd tube collected should be used for the cell count
the last tube collected should be used for chemistry analyses
the cell count should be performed on the bloodiest tube
CSF collected in evening should be refrigerated & assays performed next day
35
Phenylketonuria is caused by
an inability to metabolize tyrosine
a lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
a failure of the kidney to reabsorb phenyalanine
excessive ingestion of products containing phenyalanine
36
Which of the following causes and colors match?
amber - bilirubin
green - pyridium
red - carotene
dark yellow - porphyrins
37
Amino acids are not normally present in the urine because
they are too large to be filtered by the glomerulus
normal people do not produce amino acids from metabolism
amino acids are excreted in the feces
amino acids are filtered but are reabsorbed in the kidney tubules
amino acids are metabolized to keotacids before they are excreted in urine
38
Massive amounts of uric acid crystals can be seen in this disorder
Goodpasture's syndrome
nephrotic syndrome
acute glomerulonephritis
Lesch-Nyham
39
Performance of a creatinine clearance is helpful for determining:
glomerular filtration rate
renal concentrating ability
the feasability of administering medications
renal blood flow
40
The most frequent cause of red urine is the presence of
glucose
bacteria
bilirubin
protein
blood
41
3 amino acids are converted to keto acids in this metabolic disease which can lead to severe mental retardation or death
Lesch-Nyham disease
Hartnup's disease
PKU
maple syrup urine disease
42
The Guthrie test is used to diagnose
PKU
Hurler's syndrome
tyrosyluria
maple syrup urine disease
43
A green urine may be indicative of
a low pH
consumption of beets
a Pseudomonas infection
excessive vitamin C intake
high blood pressure medication
44
Specimens from patients receiving treatment for urinary tract infections frequently appear
cloudy & red
dilute & pail
clear & red
viscous & orange
45
Infant diaper staining blue, increased indican, and aminoaciduria. Infant should be diagnosed with
Fanconi's syndrome
a protein malabsorption syndrome
an intestinal obstruction
Hartnup's disease
melanuria
46
The renal threshold for glucose is ___mg/dL.
50-100
160-180
>240
220-240
47
Prior to performing the Gram stain on CSF, the specimen must be
centrifuged
filtered
warmed to 37C
mixed well
48
The primary UA finding in glomerulonephritis are
WBCs, Casts
RBCs, WBCs, mucus
RBCs, protein, casts
glucose, protein
glucose, RBCs, calcium oxalate crystals
49
The presence of urinary reducing substances is of particular concern in
menopausal women
pregnant women
adolescent males
immunosuppressed patients
newborns
50
Normal CSF is
pink and clear
colorless and clear
pale yellow and clear
colorless and hazy
51
The normal yellow color of urine is produced by
porphyrin
urobilinogen
urochrome
bilirubin
52
The normal CSF glucose is
70-110mg/dL
15-45mg/dL
60-70% of the blood glucose
10-20% of the blood glucose
53
A black pigment in urine can be caused by
rifampin
porphyrins
pyridium
melanin
hemoglobin
54
Differential counts on CSF are performed on
cells as they are counted in the hemocytometer
coverslipped wet preparations
stained smears prepared from the undiluted specimen
stained smears prepared from concentrated specimens
55
The reference (normal) range for urine specific gravity is
1.003-1.035
1.000-1.010
1.003-1.010
1.000-1.020
56
A patient has polyuria but a negative glucose on reagent strip should be evaluated for
prostatic infection
diabetes mellitus
diabetes insipidus
glomerulonephritis
renal tubular acidosis
57
Which of the following casts is characteristically associated with acute pyelonephritis?
white blood cell
waxy
fatty
red blood cell
58
The primary cause of glomerular disease is
increased serum BUN
trauma
dehydration
immunologic reactions
59
Name a normal epithelial cell that lines structures in the brain and can be found on a CSF cytospin cell prep
mesothelial cell
squamous cell
macrophage
choroidal cell
60
Quantitative therapeutic drug monitoring for a urine specimen is performed on
a first morning specimen
a suprapubic aspiration
a timed specimen
a midstream clean-catch specimen
61
For active transport to occur, a substance:
must be in higher concentration in the filtrate than in the blood
must be in higher concentration in the blood than in the filtrate
must combine with a carrier protein
must be filtered through the proximal convoluted tubule
62
Freshly voided urine is usually clear; however if it is alkaline, a white turbidity may be due to
amorphous crystals
yeast
white blood cells
increased nitrite
63
CSF circulates between the
pia mater and choroid plexus
arachnoid and dura mater
pia mater and dura mater
arachnoid and pia mater
64
A yellow-brown specimen that produces a yellow foam when shaken can be suspected to contain
hemoglobin
rhubarb
bilirubin
carotene
65
A routine UA is performed on a specimen that has turned dark after standing in the laboratory. One should suspect
indicanuria
tyrosyluria
alkaptonuria
phenylketonuria
66
Cystine crystals in the urine are diagnostic for kidney stones.
True
False
67
All of the following diseases are classified as "aminoacidurias" EXCEPT
alkaptonuria
tyrosyluria
maple syrup urine disease
Hurler's syndrome
PKU
68
Identify this microscopic element.
triple phosphate crystals
cystine crystals
uric acid crystals
clue cell
69
If untreated, cystitis can lead to
cystinosis
renal lithiasis
pyelonephritis
glomerulonephritis
70
In tyrosyluria, tyrosine crystals are seen in the urine. This disease is caused by
glomerular basement membrane leakage
excessive protein in the diet
renal metabolism
an overflow due to a metabolic disorder
71
During examination of a CSF from a 45 yo man, the MLT counted a total of 3 WBC/μL. This result is indicative of
a normal state
an inflammatory disease
a degenerative disease
a malignant disease
72
Ascorbic acid interferes with all of the following reagent strip tests EXCEPT
bilirubin
nitrite
blood
protein
leukocytes
73
A UA specimen has ↑↑ specific gravity. Can't be read on refractometer. Diluted 1:2. Diluted reads 1.022. Spec gravity is
1.022
1.044
2.044
2.022
74
The glomerulus is
a system of blood capillaries
another name for Bowman's capsule
a system of tubules
an endocrine gland
75
ADH is secreted by the posterior pituitary in response to body hydration. An increase in ADH causes
more water to be reabsorbed & urine volume to increase
less water to be reabsorbed & urine volume to decrease
more water to be reabsorbed & urine volume to decrease
less water to be reabsorbed & urine volume to increase
76
Turbidity in a urine sample can be due to
all of these answers are causes of turbidity
amorphous crystals
bacteria
WBCs
77
The kidney disease characterized by lipiduria, proteinuria, edema, fatty casts, and oval fat bodies is
nephrotic syndrome
acute renal failure
acute glomerulonephritis
tubular necrosis
78
Which of the following casts is most indicative of severe renal disease?
hemoglobin
cellular
granular
waxy
hyaline
79
In alkaptonuria, the following substance can be found in urine
tyrosine
homogentisic acid
ketones
alkaptones
80
The average daily volume of urine produced by a normal adult is approximately:
3600mL
1200mL
200L
2500mL

MLT 106 Urinalysis & Body Fluids Review Flashcards | StudBud