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AP Psych Exam Review Units 5/6 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psych Exam Review Units 5/6
AP Psych Exam Review Units 5/6
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Based on Quiz! created by a fellow teacher.
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1
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
flashbulb memories
episodic memories
non-declarative memories
sensory memories
2
What is cognitive dissonance?
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
use of non-message factors to persuade
prejudicial attitudes
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
3
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
positive reinforcement
negative punishment
positive punishment
negative reinforcement
4
Blaming others for poor work while slacking off could be which Freudian defense mechanism?
rationalization
projection
repression
reaction formation
5
The superego is Freud's term for...
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the conscious aspect of personality
the moral component of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
6
You overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because of recent events on the evening news due to...
an algorithm
insight
the representativeness heuristic
the availability heuristic
7
John Watson's classic experiment with Little Albert provided support for...
social learning theory
classical conditioning theory
operant conditioning theory
cognitive learning theory
8
Using "Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally" to remember the order of operations makes use of...
the method of loci
a mnemonic device
semantic encoding
positive transfer
9
What is the likely correlation coefficient for the data in this scatterplot?
.50
-.10
0
-.75
10
Free association and dream analysis are tools of which approach to understanding personality?
humanistic
psychoanalytic
sociocultural
trait
11
Praising your dog when it sits is an example of...
primary reinforcement
social reinforcement
vicarious learning
secondary reinforcement
12
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
consistency
ease of use
accuracy
representativeness
13
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called...
extinction
forgetting
spontaneous remission
biological preparedness
14
A student's organized set of expectations about how a teacher should look and act is an example of...
reciprocal determinism
a schema
a hierarchy
positive transfer
15
Jay used to say "mil", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in his use of...
grammatical rules
morphemes
phonemes
syntax
16
If SAT test scores are highly correlated with college grades, that means that they have...
reliability
predictive validity
face validity
construct validity
17
Edward Thorndike's theory that was foundational to operant conditioning was...
associative learning
reciprocal determinism
social learning
instrumental conditioning
18
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
continuous reinforcement
19
Creative thinking is most associated with...
analytical thinking
divergent thinking
general intelligence
convergent thinking
20
Learning that is not apparent until needed in a new context is...
classical conditioning
latent learning
operant conditioning
insight learning
21
The discover that "neurons that fire together wire together" came to be known as...
overjustification
higher-order conditioning
long-term potentiation
habituation
22
Reinforcing closer approximations of a behavior until the complete behavior is learned is...
cognitive mapping
counterconditioning
habituation
shaping
23
A mental representation of features of the spatial environment is a ...
method of loci
feature detector
cognitive map
hierarchy
24
Seeking information to support prior beliefs can lead to...
social desirability bias
overconfidence
hindsight bias
confirmation bias
25
A diminished response with repeated presentation of a stimulus is known as...
habituation
acquisition
extinction
generalization
26
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
neurogenic amnesia
suppression
avoidance
repression
27
Most experienced readers understand text using...
structural encoding
bottom-up processing
structuralism
top-down processing
28
In Pavlov's classic study, the conditioned response was...
a light
salivation
food/meat powder
a tone
29
In a normal distribution, approximately what percentage of scores fall within one SD of the mean?
5%
95%
13%
68%
30
Which of these happens earliest in the process of memory formation?
retrieval
encoding
attention
rehearsal
31
A mental shortcut for understanding a new situation or finding a solution is a(n)...
heuristic
algorithm
acquisition device
rote strategy
32
A valid test is one that...
has been standardized but not normed
measures what it is supposed to measure
is consistent
is reliable
33
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
dyadic encoding
the semantic level of encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
attention encoding
34
The Flynn Effect refers to
increasing intelligence with each generation
declining intelligence in old age
genetic influences on IQ
biased testing procedures in IQ testing
35
A person who loses her ability to create memories following a head injury is experiencing...
traumamtic amnesia
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
source amnesia
36
Which explanation of personality is least deterministic and most optimistic about humans?
psychoanalytic
humanistic
behavioral
cognitive
37
Classical conditioning could best account for how a child learns to...
tie shoe laces
print letters
sing a song
fear the dark
38
Five-year-old Bobby washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
positive reinforcement
observational learning
cognitive mapping
schema learning
39
After reading about the elderly, people walk more slowly. This is likely due to...
priming
the representativeness heuristic
defensive attributions
social desirability bias
40
You mistakenly believe you read a fact in your text, but you actually heard it on reality TV...
anterograde amnesia
eidetic memory
prospective memory failure
source amnesia
41
Which type of intelligence involves speed of processing?
fluid
episodic
crystallized
procedural
42
An ideal mental model used to classify objects is a...
perceptual adaptation
prototype
morpheme
schema
43
Struggling on a biology exam because all you can remember is psych from the period before.
proactive interference
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
retroactive interference
44
Token economies make use of...
operant conditioning
cognitive learning
social learning
classical conditioning
45
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a variable-ratio reinforcement schedule
a fixed-ratio reinforcement schedule
a variable-interval reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
46
Howard Gardner proposed a theory of...
multiple intelligences
emotional intelligence
creative intelligence
practical intelligence
47
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
mean
standard deviation
percentile
correlation
48
Members of under-represented minority groups may perform poorly in testing situations due to...
the Flynn effect
self-perception theory
the Barnum effect
stereotype threat
49
You drank coffee and stayed up late studying. Why should you have coffee the day of the test?
state-dependent learning
context-dependent learning
mood-congruent memory
negative transfer
50
A personality measure that asks for a subjective response to an ambiguous stimulus...
a self-report inventory
a deceptive test
a behavior rating
a projective test
51
Memories of skills and conditioned responses are stored in...
short-term memory
explicit memory
implicit memory
sensory memory
52
A person with an IQ score two standard deviations above the mean scored...
130
120
80
100
53
Neurons that fire both when a person acts and when a person sees another act are called...
nociceptors
interneurons
mirror neurons
glial cells
54
Negative reinforcement involves...
removal of a pleasant stimulus
presentation of a pleasant stimulus
removal of an unpleasant stimulus
presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
55
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
put information into long-term memory
hold information for a lifetime
56
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
intermediate-term
long-term
short-term
sensory
57
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
phonemic
structural
semantic
mnemonic
58
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
59
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their actions and and those of others are....
prejudices
self-serving bias
stereotypes
attributions
60
___ measure general mental abilities, while ___ measure specific abilities.
Intelligence tests; standardized tests
Intelligence tests; personality tests
Personality tests; standardized tests
Intelligence tests; aptitude tests
61
You set your phone to vibrate with each new message. You now pick up your phone at each vibration. What's the CS?
passage of time
vibration
receiving a message
picking up your phone
62
Memories are most similar to...
a recording you play back
an old toy that is stored and then rediscovered
a computer file that changes each time you open and edit it
files that are stored in one particular folder
63
According to the Five-Factor Model of personality, trusting and cooperative people are
high in conscientiousness
high in agreeableness
low in extraversion
high in neuroticism
64
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
encoding failure
complete retrieval failure
partial retrieval
partial storage
65
Framing refers to...
presenting distracting, irrelevant information
presenting only part of the information for decision-making
making good decisions for individuals but bad for the group
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
66
Multiple-choice tests use which type of memory?
autobiographical
recall
recognition
repressed
67
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described in Sternberg's Triarchic Theory?
creative
analytical
naturalistic
practical
