ANTH 205 Exam 2

Cultures that rely more on the natural environment tend to have LESS monolexemic color terms and MORE polylexemic ones

Which is NOT one of the 4 primary attributes of language

The process through which we perceive and process information

I couldn't fit the info from similar set of needs and common biological ancestry but we prob still need to study that

Xenophobia is used to justify a lot (trust the familiar, distrust the foreign)

Multiplicity of patterning is one of the 4 primary attributes of language

Which is NOT true about body language?

Priests and scholars, ranked highest in the caste system

Hierarchical system of classification of phenomena, goes from general to specific

Mass partying in Brazil, lasts 4 ish days, people dress up, samba schools with thousands of people

Which is NOT a theory as to why people don't practice incest?

The servants of the gods, neutral spirits, masters of the crossroads

"mixed blood", used as a catch-all, powerful, knowledge & power over exus, good for diagnosing, folklore figures

Tracing descent through the mother's line, often matrilocal

Socially defined or recognized position within a group; can be permanent or temporary

A status you were born into that cannot be changed (ex. race, sex)

Tracing descent through the father's line, often patrilocal

Culture cannot override things we may think of as universal

Merchant class

Beyond spoken language --> gestures, volume, repetition, intonation, etc.

The groups that were able to conform and act collectively had a better chance of survival

Kinship based on marriage

Lakota/Sioux, men who lived in the role of women, dressed like women, and did the same work as them

Can't be subsumed into a larger category, can refer to many things

(PLANT TAXONOMY) ex. types of oak trees

A kibbutz in Israel is a commune with lots of children, they rarely get married (familiarity breeds avoidance)

Lack of ____ leads to dehydration (ex. cholera)

Spirits of former slaves, time of suffering enobled them, good spirits, primary healing spirits, won't harm people

There are 2 broad avenues of non verbal communication

Pre-marital chastity is normally found in cultures without dowries or bride prices

Statuses are either achieved or ascribed

Kinship is based on 3 lines

The process of the acquisition of culture, it is learned/taught

Institutionalized rituals sanctioned by societies or social groups to recognize and legitimize your new position

(PLANT TAXONOMY) the level that distinguishes plants from animals

Great Plains Tribes, when a man's wife was giving birth he would pitch a tent next to her birthing tent and scream

Lack of ____ leads to deficiency diseases (ex. scurvy, beri beri, polegra, etc.)

Marrying within one's own group (in this case social group --> ex. caste system)

Partier, loyal friend, fierce enemy, 1/2 and 1/2 spirit (trickster but also helpful), knows whats going on

The study of the use of space (ex. personal space is different across cultures)

1 spouse, highest fertility rates, most common form of marriage in the West, best health, 25% of cultures

A status you earned (ex. degree, wealth, job)

Social mammals do not tend to have an alpha male system

Kinship by tracing lineage back to a single individual (may or may not be real)

Selfless concern for someone else, even to one's own detriment

Male and female bodies are different and are better suited for different tasks

Menial laborers, believed that if you touch them you will be marred, 16% of India's population

Female exus, witches/unsettling women, dangerous, called on for relationships and revenge

(PLANT TAXONOMY) ex. the difference between a tree and a bush; where we mostly operate on a daily basis

What is NOT a sociobiological function of marriage?

The light spectrum and color terms are an example of using monolexemic classification

All of these are avenues of enculturation (pick em all -- any answer is right)

Living with your uncle

Refers to an individuals opportunity to fulfill or fail to fulfill their potential in society

A man marries his brother's widow (ex. Onan in the Old Testament)

Class systems are more stratified in the US

Babies not meant to survive, were not mourned bc they were seen as going to heaven

Y'all I don't want to make the rest of this but good luck studying & I believe in you!!!

Pls study kin terms -- they are kinda hard to put in quiz bc of examples :/

Marrying out of one's own group (in this case kin group)

Any cultural trait or institution that is found in all societies or cultures

Men tend to prefer women with more youth, beauty, and fidelity

When the groom gives something of great value to the bride or her family

Marriage is a human universal

1 husband, mutliple wives, post-partum sexual taboos, 7% of cultures, lower fertility rates, most men only have 1 wife

The smallest units of a language that have meaning; types are free or bound

In Taiwan the bride would live w/ the grooms family at a young age, often not romantic (familiarity breeds avoidance)

Lack of ____ gives you kwashikor (abdomen swelling, skin lesions, rusty tint to hair)

The study of body language (intended or unintended)

New statuses carry privileges but not duties

Incest taboos are human universals

A woman marries the husband of her deceased/barren sister

Kinship through being blood related

Tracing descent through both parent's lines

When the bride's family gives something of great value to the groom or his family

The smallest unit of language (sounds); 42 of these in English

Similar set of needs/problems and common biological ancestry are reasons for human universals

Kinship systems determine social support, altruistic behavior, and who you can marry

(PLANT TAXONOMY) ex. different types of red oak

This anthropologist did a study that found that most divorces happen at the 3-4 year mark (bc of child survival)

(PLANT TAXONOMY) ex. types of trees

Ruth Benedict -- humans were like blank slates or empty cups

The solution to inbreeding bc of the alpha male system was for females to sync up ovulation cycles

Menial workers, artisans

Human females are the only ones with concealed ovulation

Subsistence needs include energy, water, protein, vitamins, and fats

Pottery styles can indicate if a group was matrilocal/matrilineal or patrilocal/patrilineal

Which is NOT a cognitive design element?

Reproductive strategy -> men should have as many kids as they can, women should have less kids and invest more resources

1 wife, multiple husbands, 4% of cultures, husbands closely related, lowest fertility rates, found in harsh environments

India has a caste system that you are born into and it is ranked by ritual purity

Word order, needed to assure meaning, all languages have rules

Set of behaviors appropriate to your position in society

Which is NOT a kinship line?

Lack of ____ gives you marasmus (body starts to consume itself)

Warrior class, includes families who were descended from warriors

Evil spirits, vindictive, can appear as cadavers, exus has power over them, they are sent to affect black magic

_______ tested the reactions of animals to menstrual blood

Women tend to prefer men with higher social status and a higher chance of success

Which is NOT a function of marriage?