What happens during nitrogen fixation?

bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonia

Which type of organism would be most likely to have a type II survivorship curve?

one that is preyed upon throughout its life

What are the main differences between plant and animal cells?

plant cells have cell walls and chlorplasts; animal cells do not

What is the best explanation for the difference between a eukaryote and a prokaryote?

eukaryotes are more complex and can be either unicellular or multicellular

The body's internal environment must stay ___.

within narrow ranges that support human life

Which of the following are most important for an organism to maintain homeostasis?

behaviors and negative feedback

What is the relationship between photosystems and Calvin Cycle?

photosystems transfers energy to Calvin cycle through ATP and NADPH

What is the function of oxygen in cellular respiration?

to pick up electrons at the end of the ETC

Which of these statements is true of ATP?

it stores energy for cellular processes

The graph shows the energy involved in three chemical reactions. Reaction 3 in the graph

probably occurred in the presence of an enzyme

When does succession occur?

as a previously existing community is replaced

What do the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles have in common?

required by all living things and involved in many processes

Which statement is supported by the diagram?

Compounds can have different properties than the elements that make up the

In order to measure population density, what two factors are required?

area of the space and the number of individuals

What is the function of epithelial tissue in the human stomach?

provide protection and allow secretion and absorbtion

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BIO DEM Semester 1 EXAM

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1
Which of these does homeostasis most directly relate?
scale and structure
evolution
instability
stability
2
Human skin cells differ from human muscle cells because they have different ____.
functions
life processes
ways of dividing
genes
3
Which chemical equation best represents the process of photosynthesis?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ¦ 6CO2 + 6H2O
6CO2 + 6H2O ¦ C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2 + O2 ¦ C6H12O6 + 6O2 + H2O
C6H12O6 + 6H2O ¦ C6H12O6 + 6O2
4
What process is part of the hydrologic cycle?
sedimentation
decomposition
nitrification
transpiration
5
The smallest particle of matter that can retain the chemical properties of carbon is a carbon __________.
molecule
element
atom
macromolecule
6
On a hot day, which of these is an outward sign that thermoregulation is taking place?
slow breathing
dry mouth
sweating
sunburn
7
What happens during nitrogen fixation?
bacteria grow on nodules on plants roots
bacteria change ammonium into nitrate
bacteria absorb ammonia and excrete ammonium
bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonia
8
If leopard seals only eat meat they are ____.
producers
herbivores
omnivores
carnivores
9
The body works to maintain homeostasis in response to what conditions?
internal and external changes
cell differentiation and determination
tissue and cell formation
production of key vitamins
10
Which type of organism would be most likely to have a type II survivorship curve?
one that preys on small mammals
one that protects and cares for its young
one that is preyed upon throughout its life
one that has high birth and infant mortality rates
11
What are the main differences between plant and animal cells?
animal cells have cell walls and chloroplasts; animals cells do not
animal cells are eukaryotes and plant cells are not
plant cells are eukaryotes, animal cells are not
plant cells have cell walls and chlorplasts; animal cells do not
12
Transpiration in a tree is part of which cycle?
nitrogen cycle
phosphorous cycle
carbon cycle
water cycle
13
When an ecosystem loses biodiversity, how does it change?
It becomes less resilient.
It becomes more efficient.
It becomes easier to live in.
It becomes fragmented.
14
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) stores energy in the bonds between its __________.
phosphate groups
hydrogen atoms
nucleotides
carbon atoms
15
Which of these can be both primary and secondary consumers?
carnivores
detritivores
omnivores
herbivores
16
When would the carrying capacity of an area most likely stay the same?
when resources increase
when diversity increases
after flood or a fire
after a period of stability
17
When a giraffe eats leaves from a tree, it incorporates the leaves into its own ___.
community
biome
niche
biomass
18
What is the best explanation for the difference between a eukaryote and a prokaryote?
eukaryotes are more complex and can be either unicellular or multicellular
eukaryotes are simpler cells and can be either unicellular or multicellular
eukaryotes have simpler cells and can only be unicellular
eukaryotes have more complicated cells and can only be multicellular
19
Refer to the illustration. During which time period are the birthrate and death rate equal?
D
C
B
A
20
What type of carbon-based molecule is the first to be broken down by the body's cells to provide a source of energy?
protein
fat
carbohydrate
amino acid
21
The body's internal environment must stay ___.
away from sudden outside temperature changes
the same as its external environment
exactly the same at all times
within narrow ranges that support human life
22
Changes in temperature and pH can decrease an enzyme’s activity by breaking ____.
sulfer-sulfer bonds
hydrogen bonds
amino acids
peptide bonds
23
Which of the following are most important for an organism to maintain homeostasis?
interactions with living things
dependence on other organisms
behaviors and negative feedback
reproduction and development
24
Atoms connected by covalent bonds share ___.
carbon and oxygen
hydrogen ions
pairs of electron
ionic compounds
25
Each level in a food chain contains less energy than the one below because some energy is ____.
added to the system
consumed by carnivores
lost as heat
incorporated into biomass
26
When humans and animals die, phosphorous ___.
returns to the soil
evaporates into the atmosphere
is dissolved in water
is denitrified
27
What is the relationship between photosystems and Calvin Cycle?
photosystems produces ATP for Calvin cycle
photosystems transfer hydrogen ions and carbon
photosystems transfers energy to Calvin cycle through ATP and NADPH
photosystems builds sugars with carbon dioxide produced by the Calvin cycle
28
What tropic level is the killer whale at?
the 1st and 2nd
only the 2nd
the 3rd and 4th
only the 3rd
29
The function of the light-dependent reactions is to __________.
capture and transfer energy
form water molecules
release carbon dioxide
build sugars
30
Where do almost all producers get their energy?
herbivores
hydrothermal pools
decaying matter
sunlight
31
The long-term effects of a disruption of homeostasis include ___.
establishment of feedback mechanisms
the immune system taking control
destruction of organs
regulation of the internal environmnet
32
What is the function of oxygen in cellular respiration?
to provide oxygen for the production of carbon dioxide
to pick up electrons at the end of the ETC
to deliver hydrogen ions to the ETC
to give energy to the Krebs cycle
33
If a population has no known predators and plenty of available resources, how might that population change?
It would remain the same.
It would spread out.
It would increase.
It would decrease.
34
What process in a mitochondria provides the ETC in cellular respiration with energy?
Krebs cycle
chloryphyll
ATP Synthase
glycolysis
35
The part of cellular respiration that needs oxygen takes place inside the ___.
nucleus
thylakoid
mitochondria
cytoplasm
36
How much energy is available to the organisms at level C?
All of the energy in level A minus the energy in level B
50% of the energy in level B
all of the energy in level A and B
5-20% of the energy in level B
37
A herd of caribou has more births than deaths. What will most likely happen to the size of the herd?
It will decrease.
It will stay the same.
It will increase and then decrease.
It will increase.
38
Which of these statements is true of ATP?
it stores energy as glucose
it stores energy for cellular processes
it contains less stored energy than ADP
it converts sunlight into chemical energy
39
Specialized structures that work together inside a cell are called ___.
nuclei
prokaryotes
organelles
eukaryotes
40
The graph shows the energy involved in three chemical reactions. Reaction 3 in the graph
requires more activation energy than reaction 2
is the same as reaction 1 but faster
is slower than Reaction 2
probably occurred in the presence of an enzyme
41
A cell that requires a lot of energy might contain large numbers of ___.
chromosomes
vacuoles
lysosomes
mitochandria
42
As a population reaches carrying capacity, resources become scarce. Which would increase within the population?
birthrate
available shelter
nesting sites
competition
43
What is the name of the negatively charged particles in an atoms?
electrons
prions
protons
neutrons
44
When does succession occur?
as a previously existing community is replaced
only after a glacier retreat
after a new food web is established
as one generation of organisms replaces the previous one
45
What do the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles have in common?
ocean is a reservoirs for all three substances
substances have to pass through organisms to complete the cycle
largest reserves are always in organisms
required by all living things and involved in many processes
46
Which statement is supported by the diagram?
Atoms of most elements become less stable when they bind to form compounds
Two elements will always combine in the same ratios when they react to form
Compounds can most easily form between elements that have full outer energy
Compounds can have different properties than the elements that make up the
47
How does the liver help to regulate glucose levels in the blood?
by storing glucose
by releasing glucagon
by excreting excess water
by producing insulin
48
In order to measure population density, what two factors are required?
the perimeter of the area and the number of individuals
carrying capacity and the area of the space
area of the space and the number of individuals
the birth and death rates
49
What is the function of epithelial tissue in the human stomach?
contract to allow movement in the stomach
provide protection and allow secretion and absorbtion
support and bind other tissues together
receive and transmit impulses and process information
50
The specialized structures of different types of cells are related to the cell's ____.
energy
function
homeostasis
equilibrium
51
Coral reef is a low-resistance species. How would coral reefs be affected if global ocean temperatures increased?
They would all die.
They would be unaffected.
They would decline.
They would grow.
52
Fossil fuels are part of which cycle?
oxygen
carbon
nitrogen
phosphorus
53
Which of these describes a polymer?
a molecule that catalyzes a reaction in living organisms
large molecule made of smaller subunits
molecule with a polar head and nonpolar tails
a molecule composed of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen
54
In the lock-and-key model of enzyme function shown in the diagram, what is happening in step 2?
The enzyme is causing new bonds to form between the substrates.
The substrates are beginning to bind to the enzyme.
The active sites are restructuring the enzyme.
The catalyzed reaction is releasing a product.
55
Why would an alder tree not be considered a pioneer species? Choose the correct answer.
it is not one of the trees that make up the final forest
alder trees are a form of lichen
pioneer species are always animals
smaller organisms come before trees in succession
56
Bacteria are important in the nitrogen cycle because they ___.
decay and form fossil fuels
respire, returning carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
produce sugars plants can use
help convert nitrogen into a form that organisms can use
57
Where is the site of the photosystems in the light-dependent reactions?
mitochandrial matrix
stroma
ATP Synthase
thylakoid membrane
58
Which of these are products of the light dependent reactions?
oxygen and NADPH
water and oxygen
oxygen and ATP
ATP and NADPH
59
The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis need __.
water
carbon dioxide
cellulose
oxygen
60
When fatty acids cannot pack together tightly enough to make a solid fat, they have ________.
more polar molecules
very little glycerol
fewer hydrogen atoms
no double carbon bonds
61
In 1988 several large forest fires occurred in Yellowstone National Park. What process occurred after these fires?
pioneer succession
secondary succession
symbiotic succession
primary succession
62
From the information that two atoms have two different proton counts , you can conclude that the atoms ___.
are likey to react violently with each other
might be different ions of the same element
represent different isotopes of one element
belong to two entirely different elements
63
The carbon cycle makes carbon compounds continuously available in an ecosystem and delivers ___.
carbon dioxide to animals in the ecosystem
chemical energy to organisms within the ecosystem
water to all organisms
light energy to autotrophs
64
What is the role of a receptor in helping an organism maintain homeostasis?
carries out a response to restore internal conditions
detects stimuli and sends information to the control center
receives messages sent by the control center
compares current conditions with ideal values for those conditions
65
What happens to the sugars that are made during photosynthesis?
they move directly into an ETC
go into the Calvin cycle
they make ATP
they can be used for cellular respiration
66
Which of these is an example of a positive feedback loop?
the removal of salt from a saltwater fish during osmoregulation
platelets stimulating more platelets during clotting
plants closing their stomata in response to water loss
the release of glucose by the lover in response to low blood sugar
67
Which of these is a central purpose of steroids in mammals?
the serve as chemical messengers
they provide most of the energy for a cell
they break down bonds in polymers by adding water
they form protective coatings
68
Which of these is an example of a density-independent limiting factor?
a parasite
a natural disaster
a decrease in prey
a food shortage
69
The function of the light dependent reactions is to __.
capture and transfer energy
build sugars
form water molecules
release carbon dioxide
70
Which of these is the site of the photosystems in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
mitochandrial matrix
ATP Synthase
thylakoid membrane
stroma
71
What does a pyramid of numbers display?
a chain of feeding relationships
the amount of biomass in an ecosystem
the number of organisms in an ecosystem
a network of feeding relationships
72
What two biogeochemical cycles depend directly on photosynthesis?
oxygen and carbon cycle
carbon and phosphorous cycle
nitrogen and phosporous cycle
water and oxygen cycle
73
The membrane bound sac used to transport substances into and out of cells is a ___.
pump
lysosome
macrophage
vesicle
74
What process would bacteria living near a heat vent on the ocean floor use to build carbon based molecules like sugar?
cellular respiration
light independent reactions
fermentation
chemosynthesis
75
This is the equation for __.
cellular respiration
production of ATP
photosynthesis
cellular repiration
76
What is the main role of fermentation?
allows anaerobic production of ADP
converts glucose into pyruvate and NADH
produces lactic acid
to allow glycolysis to continue
77
Which of these describes the nuclear membrane?
allows all molecules to pass across it into the nucleus
rigid and impermeable
contains pores that allow only certain molecules to pass.
identical in composition to the cell membrane
78
Water is a polar molecule because ______.
it has a charge
different parts of the molecule have slightly different charges
it contains two hydrogen atoms for each oxygen atom
it does not have a charge
79
Which provides the most energy in ecosystems?
keystone species
producers
carnivores
gereralists
80
Bobcats are generally solitary animals and establish territories. What type of population dispersion do they have?
uniform dispersion
random dispersion
clumped dispersion
competitive dispersion
81
What might happen if an organism with type III survivorship were introduced into a new environment with no predators?
It would become extinct.
Its birth rate would decrease.
Its population would increase rapidly.
Its survivorship would change to type I.
82
The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis need __________.
carbon dioxide
cellulose
oxygen
water
83
Which bonds could a single carbon atom have?
a triple bond and a double bond
5 single bonds
a triple bond and a single bond
2 triple bonds
84
Which of the following describes the charges in a water molecule?
oxygen - slight negative hydrogen - strong negative
oxygen - strong positive hydrogen - slight positive
oxygen - slight negative hydrogen - slight positive
oxygen - slight positive hydrogen - slight negative
85
Two products of the Kreb's Cycle are ___.
ATP and CO2
ADP and H2O
H2O and CO2
ATP an O2
86
Which of these is NOT true regarding the dark reactions of photosythensis?
do not reqquire light
generate sugars
use water on electron source
require ATP and NADPH
87
Which of these shows the greatest degree of structural organization?
bacteria
multicellular life
unicellular life
viruses
88
Carbon can move through the environment and organisms in a cycle because living and nonliving things interact in ______.
species
ecosystems
organisms
cells
89
The island of Surtsey formed near Iceland by a series of volcanoes. Which of these processes occurred first on Surtsey?
Lichens converted volcanic rock into soil.
Plants grew on the island.
A complex ecosystem developed.
Animals moved onto the island.
90
Internal control systems maintain homeostasis by regulating which of these?
external conditions
the body's control center
receptors in the body
pH of body fluids
91
Which of these statements best describes the process of photosynthesis?
light breaks down water molecules and releases carbon dioxide
chloroplasts absorb sunlight and store chemical energy
chlorphyll builds sugars in the thylakoid
plants use oxygen to make simple sugars
92
Which of these is not true regarding the dark reactions of photosynthesis?
use water as an electron source
do not require light
require ATP and NADPH
generate sugars
93
Which of these describes the structure of a nucleic acid?
chain of monomers composed of a sugar, phosphate group, & nitrogenous base
several fatty acids linked together
a hydrophilic head containing a glycerol and two hydrophobic tails
a long chain of monosaccharides
94
Which of these describes the primary structure of a protein?
the arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains
the three-dimensional shape of the protein
the sequence of the amino acids in the protein
the folding of the protein into sheets and spirals
95
Which does NOT happen in the Krebs Cycle?
Glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules
Pyruvate is broken down into a 2 carbon molecule and CO2
a carbon molecule is recycled
Citric Acid is broken down
96
What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
It prevents the membrane from being solid or too fluid.
It causes osmosis to occur across the membrane.
It forms a rigid structure that maintains cell shape.
It prevents substances from entering or leaving the cell.
97
Why is NADPH is important in photosynthesis?
is needed to form chlorophyll and carotenoids
becomes oxidized to form NADP
provides additional oxygen atoms from the breakdowns of water molecules
provides high energy electrons used to store energy in organic molecules
98
Photosynthesis : Oxygen AS Cellular Respiration : ____
Enzymes
Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen
ATP
99
What is the best description of biomass?
the producer to consumer ratio in an ecosystem
the mass of all living things on Earth
the unused material excreted as waste in an ecosystem
the mass of the living and dead organisms in a given area
100
Which of these organelles can be found in the cytoplasm and on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum?
centrosomes
centrioles
ribosomes
mitochandria

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