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History of Psych- Exam 1 Review Flashcards | StudBud
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History of Psych- Exam 1 Review
History of Psych- Exam 1 Review
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1
Which philosopher argued that our minds at birth are a "
tabula rasa,"
or
blank slate
George Berkeley
James Mill
John Locke
John S. Mill
2
Empiricism is...
all natural processes can be explained by the laws of physics and chemistry
the pursuit of knowledge through observation and experimentation
every act is determined by past events and its therefore predictable
everything can be explained by reducing it down to its base components
3
Which of the following does NOT accurately describe Reflex Action Theory?
Descartes viewed human reflexes to be mechanistic in nature
Human reflexes require no thought or cognitive process
An external stimulus can bring about an involuntary response
Human reflexes are always voluntary, controlled by the mind
4
Reductionism is the view that...
every act is determined by past events and its therefore predictable
everything can be explained by reducing it down to its base components
all natural processes can be explained by the laws of physics and chemistry
the pursuit of knowledge through observation and experimentation
5
Which theory supports George Berkeley's belief: the moment you stop perceiving or being perceived- you cease to exist.
Positivism
Radicalism
Mentalism
Materialism
6
Phrenology: the notion that the shape of one's skull was predictive of their personality and mental skills
False
True
7
According to Empiricism, the mind has innate knowledge and must be recalled through experience
False
True
8
Which date is considered the birth of Psychology? (DISCLAIMER: Not on the test)
1879 (birth of our campus)
1492 (something about the ocean)
9
Which of the following are issues with the study of history?
Details may be altered or left out
Things go unrecorded
Mistranslations
All of these choices are correct
10
Determinism is the view that...
every act is determined by past events and its therefore predictable
everything can be explained by reducing it down to its base components
the pursuit of knowledge through observation and experimentation
all natural processes can be explained by the laws of physics and chemistry
11
According to Empiricism, the mind acquires knowledge through sensory experiences
True
False
12
All of the following is
true
about the current state of Psychology EXCEPT...
Psychology has reached the Paradigmatic Stage
Psychology has a long history and a unified paradigm defining it
May be more fragmented than at any time in its history
Has been described as a sequence of failed paradigms
13
Which of these are the 2 kinds of experiences that John Locke described to acquire knowledge? (Pick 2)
Reflection: forming ideas and recalling past sensory impressions
Sensation: direct sensory input from physical objects (1st experience)
Night view: the entire universe consists of nothing more than inert matter
Day view: the universe can be regarded as the standpoint of consciousness
14
John Locke's Theory of Association is the notion that knowledge results from linking simple ideas to complex ideas
False
True
15
Psychology was born from which two fields of study? (Pick 2)
Physics
Philosophy
Biology
Chemistry
16
Define: Gustav Fechner's "Differential Threshold"
The point of intensity below which no sensation is detected (vice-versa)
The smallest difference that can be detected between 2 physical stimuli
The least amount of change in a stimulus which gives rise to a sensation
The threshold at which 2 points of stimulation feel distinct
17
Which 3 of the following are contextual forces that shaped the history of psychology? (Select as many that apply)
Famous people
Prejudice & Discrimination
Economic Opportunities
Wars
18
_____ Mechanism's goal is to break everything down to its basic _____ and physiological mechanisms
Philosophical
Biological
Naturalistic
Personalistic
19
Which scientist is considered the Father of Psychophysics and created a formula to measure sensation? (s = k*logR)
Herman von Helmholtz
Gustav Fechner
Treston Smith
Ernst Weber
20
Auguste Comte's idea of Materialism is described best by which of the following? (Pick 2)
Facts of the universe can be explained by chemistry and physics
Materialism has nothing to do with experimentation
Facts of the universe can be understood in terms of physical properties
No comment
21
Rene Descartes believed the
Pineal Gland
was the point where Mind and Body meet.
False
True
22
We can relate Fechner's
Day View
to an
"Artificial Intelligence (AI)"
and his
Night View
to an "
Automata (Robot)"
False
True
23
Which country influenced psychology by encouraging peer review, scientific research, and unrestricted curriculum
England
Germany
America
France
24
Personalistic Theory implies certain events would never occur without the will and charisma of monumental individuals
True
False
25
Which of these demonstrate Fechner's conflict between internal thought and his mechanistic view of the world (Pick 2)
Reflection: forming ideas and recalling past sensory impressions
Day view: the universe can be regarded as the standpoint of consciousness
Sensation: direct sensory input from physical objects (1st experience)
Night view: the entire universe consists of nothing more than inert matter
26
Naturalistic Theory refers to...
"Spirit of the Times"- The intellectual and cultural climate of the times
Theorists never come up with similar theories around the same time (false!)
Scientific progress and change due to ideas of unique individuals
Scientific progress and change due to the world's readiness (not person)
27
Define: Ernst's Weber's "Just Noticeable Difference" (JND- 1:4 ratio)
The threshold at which 2 points of stimulation feel distinct
The point of intensity below which no sensation is detected (vice-versa)
The least amount of change in a stimulus which gives rise to a sensation
The smallest difference that can be detected between 2 physical stimuli
28
Define: Gustav Fechner's "Absolute Threshold"
The point of intensity below which no sensation is detected (vice-versa)
The smallest difference that can be detected between 2 physical stimuli
The least amount of change in a stimulus which gives rise to a sensation
The threshold at which 2 points of stimulation feel distinct
29
Which radical philosopher opposed his father and argued scientific study of the mind IS possible?
John S. Mill
Jonas Mill
James Mill
Jason Mill
30
Extirpation: the act of lesioning (removing) parts of the brain to understand their function
False
True
31
I am going to do great on this test, no need to stress!
True
False
32
James Mill was a "radical mechanist" who theorized... (Pick 2)
the brain acts as a puppet master over the body
the brain is nothing more than a machine (like a clock)
the brain's mechanisms are predictable, set in operation by external forces
the brain can be studied even if it cannot be seen
33
Personalistic Theory refers to...
Scientific progress and change attribute to the world's readiness
Scientific progress and change attribute to ideas of unique individuals
"Spirit of the Times"- The intellectual and cultural climate of the times
The founders of a theory are more important than the contributors (false!)
34
Naturalistic Theory implies a theory will come about regardless of the person
False
True
35
Berkeley's Mentalism is the doctrine that all knowledge depends on _______ and the ________. (Pick 2)
Sensation
Experiencing person
Simple ideas
Mental phenomena
36
Rene Descartes believed the
Pituitary Gland
was the point where Mind and Body meet.
True
False
37
J.S. Mill believed that complex ideas (formed from simple ideas) combined w/ mental elements creates a new greater sum
False
True
38
Which scientist investigated the speed of neural impulses (90ft/sec) and researched vision and hearing?
Gustav Fechner
David Kinnebrook
Ernst Weber
Hermann von Helmholtz
39
______ ______ in observers caused slight recording errors among the hard science fields, leading to perception studies..
Individual Differences
Tabula Rasa
Peer Review
Research Methods
40
Which of the following is true about the Mind-Body Problem? (select as many that apply)
Mind: unextended (lacks material substance)
Descartes argued the mind and body mutually influence each other
Matter: has extension (material substance) and must operate mechanically
Descartes believed the mind exerted enormous control over the body
41
Define: Ernst Weber's "2-Point Threshold"
The point of intensity below which no sensation is detected (vice-versa)
The least amount of change in a stimulus which gives rise to a sensation
The smallest difference that can be detected between 2 physical stimuli
The threshold at which 2 points of stimulation feel distinct
42
Auguste Comte's idea of Positivism is described best by which of the following? (Pick 2)
Positivism has nothing to do with observation
Positivism only recognizes objectively observable natural phenomena
The soul is an observable object
Physically observable = Object of Sense Everything else = Nonsense!
43
"Zeitgeist" refers to...
"Spirit of the Times"- The intellectual and cultural climate of the times
Scientific progress and change due to the world's readiness (not person)
"Spirit of the Limes"
Scientific progress and change due to ideas of unique individuals
44
According to Materialism, mental processes can be explained via the anatomical structures of the brain
True
False
45
Mechanism is the view that...
all natural processes can be explained by the laws of physics and chemistry
every act is determined by past events and its therefore predictable
the pursuit of knowledge through observation and experimentation
everything can be explained by reducing it down to its base components
