What is the difference between Descriptive and Inferential Statistics?

Descriptive summarizes data, Inferential makes predictions

When do you reject the null hypothesis?

When the p-value is low (below the significance level)

What is a confidence interval?

A range of values likely containing the true population parameter

What happens when a dataset has extreme values (outliers)?

Mean is affected more than the median

What is the null hypothesis (H₀) in hypothesis testing?

The hypothesis that there is no effect

What does the R² (coefficient of determination) measure in regression?

The proportion of variance explained by the model

What does P(A ∩ B) represent in probability?

Probability of both A and B happening

What is a Type I error?

Rejecting a true null hypothesis

What is the main goal of Data Science?

Extract insights and make data-driven decisions

What is the central limit theorem?

Sample means follow a normal distribution as sample size increases

What does a p-value indicate in hypothesis testing?

Probability of observing the data given that the null hypothesis is true

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Introduction To Data Science + Statistics Quiz

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Answers

1
What is the difference between Descriptive and Inferential Statistics?
Descriptive summarizes data, Inferential makes predictions
Both are the same
Descriptive finds causes, Inferential finds correlations
Descriptive is about probability, Inferential is about statistics
2
When do you reject the null hypothesis?
When the confidence interval is wide
When the p-value is high
When the sample size is small
When the p-value is low (below the significance level)
3
What is a confidence interval?
A range of values likely containing the true population parameter
A measure of correlation
A test statistic
The probability of the null hypothesis being true
4
What happens when a dataset has extreme values (outliers)?
All measures are equally affected
Mode becomes unstable
Mean is affected more than the median
Median changes significantly
5
Which distribution is symmetric and bell-shaped?
Poisson distribution
Binomial distribution
Normal distribution
Uniform distribution
6
What is the null hypothesis (H₀) in hypothesis testing?
The alternative hypothesis
The hypothesis that there is no effect
The hypothesis that there is an effect
A statement about correlation
7
What does standard deviation measure?
The central value of a dataset
The spread of data
The sum of all data points
The probability of an event
8
What does the R² (coefficient of determination) measure in regression?
The proportion of variance explained by the model
The correlation between two variables
The slope of the regression line
The mean squared error
9
What is a population in statistics?
A subset of data
A specific sample
The entire group being studied
A group of people
10
What is a scalar in Linear Algebra?
A matrix
A function
A single number
A vector
11
What does P(A ∩ B) represent in probability?
Probability of both A and B happening
Probability of B happening
Probability of A happening
Probability of neither happening
12
What is a Type I error?
Failing to reject a false null hypothesis
Rejecting a false alternative hypothesis
Rejecting a true null hypothesis
Failing to reject a false alternative hypothesis
13
What is the sum of probabilities of all possible outcomes in a sample space?
1
0.5
0
2
14
What happens if variance is high?
Data points are spread out
Data points are close to the mean
The dataset is normally distributed
There is no variation
15
What is the main goal of Data Science?
Extract insights and make data-driven decisions
Create visualizations
Store large amounts of data
Replace humans with AI
16
What is the probability of getting heads in a fair coin toss?
0
0.5
0.25
1
17
What is the central limit theorem?
Sample means follow a normal distribution as sample size increases
The sum of any two distributions is normal
The mean of a sample is always equal to the population mean
The variance of a population is always constant
18
What operation is used to calculate the dot product of two vectors?
Sum of element-wise products
Addition
Matrix inversion
Multiplication
19
Which of these is an example of ordinal data?
Weight
Shirt size (S, M, L)
Phone number
Temperature
20
What does a p-value indicate in hypothesis testing?
The probability of making a Type II error
Probability of observing the data given that the null hypothesis is true
The probability of rejecting the alternative hypothesis
The probability that the null hypothesis is true

Introduction To Data Science + Statistics Quiz Flashcards | StudBud