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Cognitive Psychology Review 2025 Flashcards | StudBud
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Cognitive Psychology Review 2025
Cognitive Psychology Review 2025
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1
Which of the following best describes the representativeness heuristic?
Checking your couch for money because couches have cash.
Having the solution to a word problem pop into your head
Saying a new kid is a nerd because he wears glasses & is in all AP classes
Fearing air travel because of memories of plane crashes.
2
What is an example of availability heuristic?
Watching finding Nemo and assuming all clownfish are funny
Seeing a whale and thinking it is a shark
Watching Jaws and then being afraid of swimming in the ocean
Assuming all sharks are killer sharks
3
Which of the following best describes metacognition?
confusing your new boyfriend's name with your old boyfriend's name
recalling happy memories when in a happy mood
the tendency to remember the last items of a list
the process of thinking about how to solve a problem
4
What is the process called when children change or "expand" their schemas for new information?
assimilation
fixation
accomodation
habituation
5
Fluid intelligence ____ with age and crystallized intelligence ___.
Increases, Increases
Decreases, Increases
Increases, Decreases
Decreases, Decreases
6
Framing refers to...
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting irrelevant information
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting only part of the information required
7
Schema is defined as?
what you don't know
something you play with
what you put on ice cream
what you already know
8
method of loci
different levels of processing that are involved in encoding information
study sessions are spaced out, rather than crammed in an intensive session
visualizing locations and mentally "walking" through them to retrieve info
process of encoding information in a superficial or basic manner
9
Misinformation Effect
The retention of encoded information overtime
Disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of new info
Incorporating misleading info into one's memory of an event
The loss of memory
10
Remembering your fifth birthday party requires what type of memory
Episodic
Semantic
Nondeclarative
Procedural
11
Retrograde amnesia happens when
you cannot remember things from infancy
your memory slowly fades as you age.
you cannot retrieve memories from before an event.
you cannot form new memories after an event.
12
On a normal distribution, an IQ score of 85 would be located
two standard deviations above the mean
two standard deviations below the mean
one standard deviation above the mean
one standard deviation below the mean
13
What type of memory would a contestant on Jeopardy use?
episodic
declarative
procedural
semantic
14
Forgetting your new cell phone # because the you had the old one for 4 years, is an example of
Motivated forgetting
Fading of the memory trace
Proactive Interference
Retroactive interference
15
Cocktail party phenomenon
allowing us to experience the world in three dimensions.
Ability to follow a single conversation in a room full of conversations
identifying because brain tells what object is based off of prior knowledge
achieves recognition an object by breaing it down into its component parts
16
Grouping information into small units...
clustering
STM
sensory storage
chunking
17
What are binocular depth cues?
Visual cues for depth that require use of both eyes
None of the above
Visual cues for depth that require use of one eye
Cues for depth that do not require use of eyes
18
A rule that guarantees the right solution by using a formula or other fool proof method
heuristic
algorithm
trial & error
rule of thumb
19
This Quiz! question requires which type of retrieval?
recall
recognition
relearning
revision
20
Remembering how to jump rope, a skill you have not practiced in years, is which type of memory?
declarative
episodic
semantic
procedural
21
After a brain injury, James cannot create new memories, he likely has damage in the...
hippocampus
thalamus
medulla
hypothalamus
22
Sensory information is changed into a usable form to enter short term memory in the process of
memory
retrieval
storage
encoding
23
A potentially INFINITE storage bank!
STM
ATM
LTM
Sensory Storage
24
What is retinal disparity?
a type of perpetual set
the way your left and right eyes view the same image a little differently
a monocular cue
linear perspective that your eyes see
25
What is interposition?
distant objects have smoother texture
distant objects are less clear/hazy
when parallel lines draw together in the distance
when closer objects partially obstruct distant objects
26
What is an example of spacing effect?
studying each night a week before the test
studying the night before the test
using Quizlet
spacing out during the test
27
What of the following refers to memories for skills such as tying your shoe laces?
flashbulb
procedural
explicit
declarative
28
_______ refers to the mental processing of information.
Intuition
Memory
Cognition
Imagination
29
A psychological test is standardized if...
uniform procedures exist for giving and scoring the test
a representative example is used during testing
it can predict personality traits and aptitudes
random assignment is used to minimize individual differences
30
The Flynn Effect is the finding that...
The more people take a test, the better they tend to score.
Intelligence seems to increase with every generation.
Linguistic skills decline with age.
Television has decreased intellectual performance.
31
Any type of memory aid is known as
Recognition
A mnemonic device
A recall system
Total recall
32
What is the "magic number" regarding the average number of items that can be held in short-term memory
six
nine
three
seven
33
Fluid intelligence includes all of the following except...
problem solving skills
knowledge over time
reasoning ability
processing speed
34
The sensory memory storage for sound is known as
Echoic
Iconic
Hepatic
Acoustic
35
Which is NOT one of the three basic units of thought?
concept
language
prototype
image
36
Which is an example of framing?
“90% success rate” vs. “10% failure rate”
Choosing from 3 brands of the same price
Comparing options and choosing the best one
Buying a product because others did
37
Automatic processing:
Requires minimal cognitive resources and is usually unconscious
Demands high levels of attention and concentration
Is more common in older adults than younger adults
Involves sequential and deliberate steps
38
Effortful processing
Happens automatically
Happens while we are sleeping
Is natural
Requires effort
39
The fact that you are likely to recall info when you're sad that you learned when you are sad.
infantile amnesia
serial position effect
state dependent memory
mood congruent memory
40
Trivial Pursuit, a board game that asks for answers to
random facts
, relies most heavily on which form of knowledge?
Fluid intelligence
Crystalized intelligence
Internalization
Assimilation
41
If you lost your keys when you had the flu, you might find them the next time you feel sick
state dependent memory
serial position effect
encoding specificity principle
mood congruent memory
42
The visual cliff is
misperceived because of contrast effects
an example of a reversible figure
both a monocular and a binocular depth cue
an apparatus used to examine depth perception in infants
43
Proactive interference occurs when...
Newer memories cause forgetting of older ones.
We don't have the right information to trigger our memory.
Memories fade over time.
Older memories cause forgetting of newer ones.
44
Forgetting because we never formed the memory in the first place is
repression
interference
encoding failure
memory trace delay
45
Remembering VERY little of your childhood and or infancy is called ---
infantile repression
infantile amnesia
infantile regression
infantile latency
46
When children "fit" new information into existing schemas, this is called __________.
accomodation
abbreviation
assimilation
acclimation
47
Divergent Thinking
Thinking in a variety of ways to solve problems
The use of logic based on what has been experienced
Coming up with one right answer or way to do a task
The act or process of knowing
48
_______ is a fleeting mental image or visual representation
Echoic memory
long term memory
Iconic memory
Sensory Memory
49
What are monocular depth cues?
Cues that can be detected with two eyes
Cues that can be detected with one eye
visual illusions
Cues that can be detected blindfolded
50
Which is an example of anterograde amnesia?
Will forgets details of 2 weeks before he had brain surgery
Kalund misremembers what his teachers say in class
Hal can't recall the first 10 years of his life
Louis can't make new memories since his concussion
51
Reliability measures __________
Carryover
Accuracy
Consistency
Control
52
Only remembering the first and last few people you met at a party illustrates
Serial Position effect
State dependent learning
Mood congruent memory
Cocktail party effect
53
If you experience knowing a person's name but it is not quite retrievable, this is called..
serial position effect
False memory
Tip of the tongue phenomenon
semantic
54
Because it has all of the features commonly associated with the concept of a bird, a robin makes a good
heuristic
schematic
phoneme
prototype
55
Which of these is an example of a growth mindset?
Getting something wrong and then quitting
Saying "I'm just not good at this"
Not giving up even when something is hard
Saying "I can do this if I keep trying"
56
Which of the following is an example of a projective test?
Beck Depression Inventory
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
57
Bill can't recall the name of an old movie he watched due to a similar movie, he recently watched. This is called
retrograde amnesia
selective amnesia
proactive interference
retroactive interference
