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202 after midterm Flashcards | StudBud
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202 after midterm
202 after midterm
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1
When a covered entity conducts clinical research involving protected health information (PHI), dental hygienists-inve
The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false.
The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
2
The ADA Seal of Acceptance program is regulated by the ___
American Dental Hygienists' Association
Institute of Medicine
Food and Drug Administration
American Dental Association
3
Which is the most common correlation coefficient? Which is the most common correlation coefficient?
Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient
Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient
4
Methodology
Detailed outline of previous findings
none
Method and material section
Should include a clear, concise purpose statement
5
Currently dental products are under the regulation of which government department?
Institute of Medicine
Institute of Pharmacy
Food and Drug Administration
American Dental Association
6
PubMed is a reliable source to find research reports and is from the _____
National Library of Medicine
Food and Drug Administration
National Library of Dentistry
Dental Museum
7
Studies need to have enough subjects to be valid.
False
True
8
The ADA Seal of Acceptance program is regulated by the ________.
Institute of Medicine
Food and Drug Administration
American Dental Association
American Dental Hygienists' Association
9
Ethics, in a "nutshell," is about doing the right thing.
True
False
10
This refers to a relationship or association between variables that can be measured mathematically.
Correlation
Trend
Causality
Set limit theorem
11
What type of research error occurs when a researcher mistakenly accepts null hypothesis?
Type III
Type II
Type IV
Type I
12
Most events in this world tend to fall into a bell-shaped curve called a normal distribution, sometimes called the ____
Right skew
Positive skew
Gaussian distribution
Left skew
13
The mean of the following set of values is 3: 7, 7, 8, 8, and 5.
False
True
14
Which of the following parts of a research report should include a detailed description of the research instruments,
Results
Methods and materials
Introduction
Literature review
15
When research involves human subjects, an informed consent must be obtained because subjects should always understand
The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
The statement is correct but the reason is NOT.
Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related.
Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
16
Discrete variable
none
Nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio
Large and infinite number of measures along a continuum
Represented numerically
17
Which of the following parts of a research report should evaluate and interpret findings?
Abstract
Conclusion
Results
Discussion
18
A refereed journal is sometimes called (a) ________.
Blind periodical
Both Blind periodical and Non-peer-reviewed
Non-peer-reviewed
Peer-reviewed
19
Which of the following parts of a research report should include a detailed description of the research instruments, eq
Results
Literature review
Introduction
Methods and materials
20
Nonparametric inferential tests are selected to be used when which of the following is being utilized in the study?
1,3,6
2,4,6
2,3,6
1,4,5
21
Currently dental products are under the regulation of which government department?
Food and Drug Administration
Institute of Pharmacy
Institute of Medicine
American Dental Association
22
Which type of statistic will compare groups, test a hypothesis, and make predictions?
Observational
Descriptive
Inferential
Correlative
23
An institutional review board should include which roles?
Ensures that the rights and safety of the research subjects are respected a
Protects the institution and the researchers against lawsuits
All of these
Holds the researchers accountable to the public
24
Which of the following sources can be used to locate information on dental care products?
Sales representatives
All of these
Internet, Colleagues
Lay magazines
25
What type of sampling would give a researcher the most valid and reliable research results?
Stratified
Systematic
Random
Convenience
26
The measure of confidence in test results is called ________.
Clinical significance
Clinical improvements
Statistical improvements
Statistical significance
27
Which of the following parts of a research report should include a variety of current and relevant studies?
Results
Literature review
Conclusion
Abstract
28
P-value represents the likelihood that statistics will occur due to chance.
False
True
29
What group is charged with reviewing the ethical implications of a research study?
Health access group
Ethic study board
Institutional review board
Bioethics review group
30
A refereed journal is sometimes called (a) ________.
Both Blind periodical and Non-peer-reviewed
Peer-reviewed
Blind periodical
Non-peer-reviewed
31
Which term shows how many standard deviations a given raw score is above or below the mean?
Z-score
F-ratio
Variance
Average deviation
32
An example of a peer-reviewed journal is the ________.
International Journal of Dental Hygiene
All of these
Journal of Practical Hygiene
Journal of Dental Hygiene
33
A study should be randomized if at all possible.
True
False
34
Results and discussions
none
Detailed outline of previous findings
Findings of a study
Method and material section
35
The Belmont Report describes ethical principles and guidelines for research involving human subjects. Identified
Specific guidelines for war
None of these
Roles of institutions
Respect for persons
36
Which of the following sources can be used to locate information on dental care products?
Internet
Colleagues, Lay magazines
All of these
Sales representatives
37
The FDA provides dental professionals with information concerning various health products through their FDA ________.
Times
Bulletin
Writings
Review
38
What percentage of data will fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean?
95%
99.7%
34.5%
68%
39
Which theorem suggests that if an infinite number of randomly selected samples is drawn from a population, the means of
Central limit
Normal distribution
Bell distribution
Skew
40
Which of the following can be determined by examining the mean and median of the distribution?
Skew
Gaussian distribution
Normal bell distribution
Bell curve
41
Alpha value sets the significance level of when the null should be rejected.
True
False
42
The number of examiners should be fairly large to ensure calibration.
False
True
43
Continuous variable
Large and infinite number of measures along a continuum
none
Represented numerically
Nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio
44
What involves the application of statistical tests to the data in order to organize, describe, summarize, and analyze it
Data assessment
Data interpretation
Data analysis
Causality
45
Research misconduct may include ________.
All of these
Plagiarism
Copyright or patent infringement
Falsifying or fabricating data
46
Bioethics, an important aspect of conducting research, refers to the inherent role of ethics in health care and the esta
Both statements are false.
The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
Both statements are true.
47
The FDA provides dental professionals with information concerning various health products through their FDA ________.
Times
Bulletin
Writings
Review
48
Which is a perfect correlation?
0
+.98
+.75
+1
49
This scale of measurement shows the distance between 2 values as =, with no absolute value.
Nominal
Interval
Ratio
Ordinal
50
In the scientific community it is considered the cutoff point for statistical significance if a p value is equal or less
.50
.05
.005
.5
51
Which of the following parts of a research report should include a summary of all relevant data, including statistics an
Discussion
Abstract
Results
Methods and materials
52
Literature review
A condensed version of a study
none
Should include a clear, concise purpose statement
Detailed outline of previous findings
53
A study should be randomized if at all possible.
False
True
54
Which of the following parts of a research report should contain a condensed version of the purpose, methods, results, a
Review of the literature
Abstract
Conclusion
Discussion
55
A peer-reviewed article indicates that the article has been reviewed by ____
Editorial reviewers who are copyeditors
Editorial reviewers who are dental providers/researchers
All of these
An editor from the publishers
56
Which of the following parts of a research report should include a variety of current and relevant studies?
Conclusion
Literature review
Results
Abstract
57
Which of the following parts of a research report should include a summary of all relevant data, including statistics
Both Results and Discussion
Results
Methods and materials
Abstract
58
A peer-reviewed article indicates that the article has been reviewed by ______
Editorial reviewers who are dental providers/researchers
Editorial reviewers who are copyeditors
An editor from the publishers
Both An editor from the publishers and Editorial reviewers are copyeditors
59
Introduction
Should include a clear, concise purpose statement
Detailed outline of previous findings
A condensed version of a study
none
60
Ordinal scale
Organize data into mutually exclusive categories rank-ordere base criterion
none
Represented numerically
Large and infinite number of measures along a continuum
61
P-value determines the probability of the null hypothesis being true.
True
False
62
Making good ethical decisions in research can help an institution, researchers, and society as a whole
The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
Both statements are false.
Both statements are true.
63
Nominal scale
Nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio
none
Large and infinite number of measures along a continuum
Controlled or uncontrolled diabetes is an example of which scale?
64
A histogram uses dots on a frequency table.
True
False
65
The most compelling ethical dilemma with the Tuskegee Study was which of the following?
Did not make the study consent available in all languages
Researchers became too close with subjects
Did not offer Curative Treatment that was available
Plagiarism of test results
66
An example of a peer-reviewed journal is the ________.
Journal of Dental Hygiene
International Journal of Dental Hygiene
Journal of Practical Hygiene
All of these
67
A dental hygienist should recommend products based on the ADA Seal.
True
False
68
The number of examiners should be fairly large to ensure calibration.
False
True
69
The measure of confidence in test results is called ________.
Clinical significance
Statistical significance
Clinical improvements
Statistical improvements
70
Scales of measurement
none
Represented numerically
Nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio
Large and infinite number of measures along a continuum
71
The Tuskegee Syphilis study was conducted by which institution?
FTC
US PHS
CDC
FDA
72
Which of the following are numeric data counted in terms of whole numbers?
Categorical
Dichotomous
Discrete
Continuous
73
The median is the ________.
Both Average and Most frequently occurring value
Average
Midpoint
Most frequently occurring value
74
Which of the following demonstrates the strongest correlation coefficient?
-0.7
0.6
-0.1
0.2
75
What does a p-value of 0.01 mean?
1:10 will produce the same research results
1:100 will produce the same research results
1:1000 will produce the same research results
1:99 will produce the same research results
76
The mean is commonly considered to be the ________.
Average
Most frequently occurring value
Both most frequently occurring value and Midpoint
Midpoint
77
Standard deviation measures:
Central tendency of data
Spread of data
Both dispersion and spread of data
Dispersion of data
78
A dental hygienist should recommend products based on the ADA Seal.
False
True
79
Informed consent, another ethical consideration, requires educating a subject in a research study
False
True
80
Ethical behavior in research may be described as what is ________
Both Right and Legal
All of these
Right
Legal
81
Inter-rater reliability is when test administration is consistent from a single examiner.
True
False
82
What act adds to the confidentiality of patient records?
HIPPO
HIPAA
IRB
BEG
83
A bar graph is used to present categorical data.
False
True
84
A dental hygienist who educates patients on dental care products is acting as a consumer advocate.
False
True
85
Which scale of measurement is not used in oral health research?
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
86
This error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected, and it is true.
Type I
Type III
Type II
Type IV
87
Abstract
Should include a clear, concise purpose statement
none
A condensed version of a study
Detailed outline of previous findings
88
Which following part of research report should contain a condensed version of purpose, methods, results, and conclusion?
Discussion
Abstract
Conclusion
Review of the literature
89
What type of graph is represented below?
1,3,5
1,4,5
1,4,6
2,4,6
90
A bar graph is used to present categorical data.
True
False
91
If p-value<alpha, we should reject the null hypothesis.
False
True
92
Which of the following parts of a research report should evaluate and interpret findings?
Results
Conclusion
Abstract
Discussion
93
What happens when you square a negative integer?
A negative integer remains
A positive number is created
94
Which of the following is a nonparametric test that compares two or more data sets from different sample groups?
T-test
Chi-Square of independence
Chi-Square
F-test
95
What requires that critical thinking be used to explain meaning and application findings and identify possible factors t
Causality
Interpretation
Data assessment
Data analysis
