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NRS502 Research
NRS502 Research
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Answers
1
Which of these is not a good place to find evidence?
Nursing databases
BING
Cochrane
CINAHL
2
What does PICOT stand for?
patient, intervention, comparison, outcome and (sometimes) time
patient, intervention, comparison, outcome and (sometimes) testing
parents, intervention, comparison, outcome and (sometimes) time
patient, investing, comparison, outcome and (sometimes) time
3
The theory of knowledge, what and how can I know reality?
Epistemology
Ethnography
Ontology
Narrative story telling
4
Positivist and deductive are characteristics of which type of research?
Quantitative
Qualitative
5
What is triangulation?
Quantitative data collection only
Qualitative data collection only
The combination of several research methods to study one phenomenon
Increases bias due to an increase of data
6
Why would a P value be set low?
The sample size is large
Clinical trials where something important is being tested, e.g a new drug
To help to collect the data
7
What does SPIDER stand for?
Systemic review, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type
Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research questions
Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type
Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Details, Evaluation, Research type
8
Which of these is not a Boolean operator?
OR
AND
NOT
AS WELL AS
9
What does grounded theory aim to do?
Generate theory from data
Test theory
10
Why is probability sampling used?
To give participants a chance of being selected
To increase representativeness of the sample
To allow people from different countries to be involved
To gain a bigger sample size
11
Which research design does this best describe; scientific experiment with random assignment of participants to groups
Cohort Study
Grounded theory
Case control study
RCT
12
What type of variable are the following: temperature, height, weight
Ratio
Ordinal
Continuous
Nominal
13
What is an independent variable?
A stimulus or activity that stays the same
Something that can’t be changed by the researcher
Non of the above
A stimulus or activity that can be manipulated or varied
14
Which of these are methods of data collection in quantitative research
Experiments
Closed question questionnaires
Clinical trials
Surveys
15
Is a quasi experiment randomised
No
Yes
16
What is the aim of a survey?
To develop qualitative data
To answer questions about prevalence, distribution & relations of variables
To establish causation
To gain information from a small sample in a population
17
Which research method advances and generates theory?
Quantitative
Qualitative
18
Which of the following are examples of descriptive statistics
Range
Mean
Mode
Percentages
Age, gender
Median
19
The study of being, what is reality?
Ethnography
Ontology
Epistemology
Narrative enquiry
20
Inferential statistics are used to determine the statistical significance of any observed differences between groups
True
False
21
Select all types of bias
Question order
Confirmation
Habituation
Sponsor
The halo effect
Respondent
22
Which of these answers are barriers to EIDM
All of the above
Inability to access research
Cultural resistance to change
Time
23
Methods of which research: interviews, observations, focus groups, twitter chats, review of documents
Quantitative
Qualitative
24
What type of variable are the following: e.g males or females
Continuous
Nominal
Ordinal
Binary
25
What acronym can be used for critiquing quantitative data
CASP
CALP
CARE
CARP
26
What is a parallel MMR design
Qualitative + quantitative studies are ran together but analysed seperatley
Qualitative + quantitative studies are ran together and analysed together
Non of the above
Qualitative + quantitative studies are ran separately but analysed together
27
A cohort study is a type of research design that follow groups of people over time
False
True
28
Which research type uses thematic analysis?
Qualitative
Quantitative
29
AND finds more search terms
True
False
30
OR finds more search terms
False
True
31
Which of these options is not a benefit of evidence informed decision making
To increase knowledge about the effectiveness of treatments
It takes away patient choice in decision making
To support the introduction of new treatments
It can have an economic benefit due to a better use of resources
32
Non parametric is non normally distributed interval or ratio data ordinal or nominal
True
False
33
External validity is the approximate truth of conclusions that include generalisations
False
True
34
If findings are generalisable which research does this typically relate to?
Qualitative
Quantitative
35
Thematic analysis is the analysis of qualitative data including coding, theme finding
False
True
36
How doesn’t bias occur in surveys
Validity
Analysis of findings
Sample selection
Sample size
37
What types of questionnaires are used in quantitative research
Closed
Open
38
What type of variable are the following: age, number of pets, number of siblings
Ordinal
Nominal
Categorical
Continuous
39
How is data collected in ethnographic research?
Clinical trials
Experiments
Observations
Interviews
40
PICOT question formation is used only in qualitative studies
True
False
41
Types of quantitative surveys
Picot
Longitudinal
Spider
Cross sectional
42
What type of variable is designed to rank data e.g the pain score
Ratio
Nominal
Ordinal
Binary
43
What is a multiphase MMR design
Multiphase designs only include one project
Qualitative + quantitative studies are ran separately over a time period
Non of the above
Qualitative + quantitative studies are ran together
44
Select the different sources of bias
Sample size
Analysis of results
The halo effect
Sample selection
45
Sampling methods in qualitative data
Theoretical
Convenience
Purposeful
Snowball
46
Non probability sampling can increase the representativeness of a population
True
False
47
Which research type uses probability sampling?
Quantitative
Qualitative
48
What is a benefit of MMR
Results are more meaningful
Creates less reliable results
Research question can be answered more deeply
Creates stronger research
49
What phrase describes the dispersion of the data around the mean
Percentage
Standard deviation
Mode
Range
50
Explanatory sequential is..
Qualitative then qualitative
Quantitative then qualitative
51
What are the ethical principles of Beuchamp and Childress
Justice
Non maleficence
Beneficence
Autonomy
52
Which research study uses trail arms?
Cohort study
Statistical analysis
Narrative analysis
RCT
53
Methods of which research: RCT’S, experiments, surveys, cohort studies, case control, case series
Qualitative
Quantitative
54
Which of these are examples of classic types of MMR designs
Parallel
Explanatory sequential
Multiphase
Exploratory sequential
55
Pragmatism is linked to which research type
Mixed methods research
Qualitative
Non of the above
Quantitative
56
What is the theoretical focus of quantitative research?
To be inductive
To be deductive and test theory
To analyse data
To create a theory
57
Which research design is considered the gold standard
Case control
Randomised control trial
Quasi experimental
Cohort study
58
When would qualitative research be used
To help evaluate a practice
To explore a new context or culture
To capture human experiences
To develop a theory
59
What is the symbol used for truncation
-
^
“”
*
60
Transferability is the consideration for how applicable the findings will be to healthcare and will they contribute
False
True
61
Which research type is SPIDER predominantly used in?
Quantitative
Qualitative
62
If findings are ‘transferable’ which research does this typically relate to?
Quantitative
Qualitative
63
What does appraisal and implementation mean in research?
To interpret research an apply it to practice
To collect and analyse data
To research and collect data
To analyse and interpret data
64
The study of groups and culture
Epistemology
Ontology
Mixed method research
Ethnography
65
Which of the following answers are variables?
Binary variable
Ordinal variable
Continuous variable
Categorical variable
Nominal variable
Ratio variable
66
Which research type is subjective?
Qualitative
Quantitative
67
Choose the 2 critical appraisal tools
JBR
CASP
JBI
CALP
68
What is denoted by H1
Null hypothesis
Hypothesis
69
Internal validity is only relevant in studies considering causal relationships (and is study specific)
False
True
70
A quasi- experimental study is used when randomisation is impractical/ unethical
False
True
71
What is single blinding?
The participant and researcher are unaware
The researcher and data analyst are unaware
The participant, researcher and data analyst are unaware
The participant is unaware which part of he study they have been allocated
72
What is a dependent variable?
A stimulus that can be manipulated
Something that the researcher constantly changes
The response behaviour or outcome that the researcher wants to explain
Something that affects the independent variable
73
What is denoted by H0
Null hypothesis
Hypothesis
74
Which two components are included from EBP but aren’t in EIDM
Integration of patients desires
Involves different research types
Applies research to practice
Use of clinical experience in decision making
75
What is the researchers involvement in quantitative research?
Reflexive
Objective
Subjective
76
Exploratory sequential is..
Qualitative then quantitative
Quantitative then qualitative
77
What are the limitations of MMR
Time consuming
It can be difficult to mix the research types
Difficult to find a researcher who is skilled in both quali + quanti
78
A variable is a qualified, property, characteristic, thing or situation that can change and very
False
True
79
What type of variable are the following: no one thing is higher than the other, ethnicity, diagnosis
Categorical
Ratio
Binary
Nominal
80
Which of these answers is not a benefit to EIDM
Lessen the gap between effective research and practice
More effective use of resources
It reduces the need for research nurses
Improve information for patients
81
What is a positivist paradigm?
Focuses on generating a theory
Focuses on explanation and prediction
82
What is phenomenology
Lived experiences
Predicting the future
Analysis of data
A third party perspective
83
What system can not be used for the inputting and exploration of numerical data
SPSS- statistical package for social sciences
Google search
Microsoft access
Excel spreadsheet
84
What type of variable are the following: dog, cat, human, fruit, bat
Nominal variable
Categorical variable
Ordinal variable
Binary variable
85
What is the declaration of Helsinki?
Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects
Ethical principles for children only
Ethical principles or humans and animals
86
Pragmatism involves the merging of positivist and interpretivist philosophies
True
False
87
What information does a survey aim to collect?
Attitudes
Knowledge
Opinions
Beliefs
88
What does a large P value represent
The results are due to luck
The data saturation has been reached and trials can stop
Statistically significant results
Statistically insignificant results
89
Which research design compares patients with a disease to patients who don’t have it and looks back for risk factors?
Thematic analysis
Case control study
Cohort study
Systematic review
90
Rigor is the degree to which research methods enable the researcher to answer the research question
True
False
91
What subject does ethnography focus on?
Event
Culture
Sequence
92
Parametric data is normally distributed interval or ratio data
True
False
93
What is the researchers involvement in qualitative research?
Subjective
Reflective
Objective
94
What is reflexivity?
The addition on new participants during the trial
How flexible the researcher is
The researcher being aware of themselves and how they can affect the study
The limit of data that can be collected
95
Mixed method research contains both quantitative an qualitative data
False
True
96
RCT’s, Quasi-experimental, Case control and Cohort study’s are all research designs of what type of research?
Quantatitive
Qualitative
97
Validity is the approximate truth of conclusions
True
False
98
What is another word for data saturation?
Theoretical saturation
Qualitative saturation
Quantitative saturation
