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The Big AP Psych Exam Review
The Big AP Psych Exam Review
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1
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
projection
reaction formation
displacement
sublimation
2
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
myelin
neurotransmiters
synaptic cleft
terminal button
3
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
psychodynamic
evolutionary
cognitive
humanistic
4
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
environmental factors that influence intelligence
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
5
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
self-serving bias
just world bias
false consensus effect
Barnum effect
6
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
myelination of brain neurons
concrete operational exercises
early gross motor practice
secure attachment with parents
7
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
movement and electrical shocks
nausea and food or drink
punishment and aversion
performing a task and receiving food
8
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
inferiority complexes
repressed memories
archetypes
functional fixedness
9
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
a strong superego
low self-esteem
an extraverted personality
high self-efficacy
10
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychotherapist
psychiatrist
psychoanalyst
11
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
outliers
normally distributed
modes
variances
12
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
13
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
14
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
write with a pencil
say a sentence
cut with a knife
clap their hands
15
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
variable interval
continuous
fixed variable
fixed ratio
16
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
stepping
rooting
Moro
Babinski
17
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
18
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
modeling
latent learning
mirror neurons
sublimation
19
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
disconnection from reality and delusions
inappropriate or flat affect
substance abuse and dependence
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
20
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
relearning effect
leading questions
brain injury
proactive interference
21
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
standard deviation
counterbalancing
inferential statistics
descriptive statistics
22
which is an example of an implicit memory
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
remembering how to tie your shoelace
23
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
theory Y
approach-avoidance
James-Lange
postconventional
24
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
insight learning
counterconditioning
observational learning
latent learning
25
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
confirmation bias
representativeness heuristic
inattentional blindness
framing effects
26
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
27
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
28
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that language is a uniquely human skill
that primates can make and use tools
the importance of physical contact to development
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
29
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
phonemes and morphemes
language acquisition device
30
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
31
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
belief perseverance
divergent thinking
a mental set
low experiential intelligence
32
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
instrumental learning
33
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
parenting style
hormones released in the womb
masculine/feminine personality traits
traumatic childhood experiences
34
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
test-retest reliability
aptitude measures
construct validity
standardization
35
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social facilitation
social roles
conformity
disinhibition
36
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
lithium
benzodiazepines
SSRIs
L-Dopa
37
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
achieving physiological homeostasis
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
38
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
need for achievement
extrinsic motivation
primary drives
intrinsic motivation
39
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
40
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reward : punishment
assimilate : accomodate
ignore : adaptation
reduce : stereotypes
41
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
smell
hearing
touch
sight
42
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
self-serving bias
in-group bias
compliance strategies
individualism
43
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
44
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
systematic desensitization
rational emotive behavior therapy
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
45
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
superordinate goals
deindividuation
diffusion of responsibility
group polarization
46
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
psychodynamic theory
social cognitive theroy
trait theory
biological theory
47
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
interference with memory tasks
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
sleep apnea and night terrors
heightened manifest dream content
48
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
learned responses; physiological reactions
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
49
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
hypothalamus
pons
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
50
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
major depressive disorder
51
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-serving bias
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
cognitive dissonance
52
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
53
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
slightly above average
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
well below the average of 200
54
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
psychoanalytic
evolutionary
cognitive
behavioral
55
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
morpheme
grapheme
holobase
phoneme
56
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
57
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are located in the center of the retina
respond more quickly to colors
58
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
major depressive disorder
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
autism
59
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
60
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
humanistic
trait
biological
psychoanalytic
61
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
health psychology
social psychology
psychometrics
positive psychology
62
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
opponent-process theory
transduction theory
frequency theory
63
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
hormones jump from one axon to the next
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
physical contact between dendrites
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
64
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
65
which structure is part of the inner ear
tympanic membrane
malleus (hammer)
auditory canal
basilar membrane
66
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
split-half reliability
content validity
test-retest reliability
predictive validity
67
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
neurochemical imbalances
unfulfilled needs
learned associations
unhealthy attributional styles
68
Which is most closely associated with creativity
hypothesis testing
contextual intelligence
divergent thinking
functional fixedness
69
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
achievement test
IQ test
aptitude test
EQ test
70
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
late 40s
early 20s
mid 30s
puberty
71
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
sociocultural psychologist
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist
personality psychologist
72
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the rate at which people forget information
the reconstructive nature of memory
the serial position effect
73
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
projective
triarchic
standardized
achievement
74
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
medulla
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
sensory cortex
75
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
fundamental
internal
external
situational
76
the somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
central nervous system
77
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
case study
experiment
correlation study
naturalistic observation
78
What is the purpose of the DSM
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
79
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
a desk and/or table
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
four legs and a seat
80
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-avoidance
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
81
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
effective psychological environment
contralateral control
hemispheric lateralization
neuroplasticity
82
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
motor development
parenting style
assimilation
attachment
83
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a probability of chance less than 5%
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a mean that is the same as the median
84
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
amygdala
medulla
cerebellum
hypothalamus
85
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
believe in God
have been exposed to good, moral role models
be able to take another person's perspective
86
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
87
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the self-serving bias
the Oedipus complex
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
88
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
add : decrease
remove : increase
remove : punish
remove : decrease
89
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
social facilitation
deindividuation
group polarization
groupthink
90
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
role theory and dissociation theory
conscious level and non conscious level
manifest content and latent content
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
91
the limbic system plays an important role in
maintaining balance
regulating emotion
processing sensory information
planning for the future
92
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
specific changes in the brain
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
93
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Broca's area
Gage's area
hippocampus
Wernicke's area
94
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
pharmacological
cognitive
structuralist
behavioral
95
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
placebo effect
presence of an authority figure
wearing guard uniforms
size of the group
96
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
semantic encoding
state-dependent memory
proactive interference
long-term potentiation
97
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
humanistic
psychodynamic
biological
evolutionary
98
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
sensory adaptation
difference threshold
absolute threshold
frequency theory
99
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
generalized anxiety disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
major depressive disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
100
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
prefrontal lobotomy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
gestalt therapy
free association
101
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
touch
balance
hearing
sight
102
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
closure
convergence
retinal disparity
linear perspective
103
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
unconscious conflicts
secondary drives and needs
parenting styles
genetics and nutrition
104
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random sampling
random assignment
representative assignment
assignment to conditions
105
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
obsessive-compulsive disorder
antisocial personality disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
106
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
principle of continuity
linguistic relativity hypothesis
the social role hypothesis
gender schema theory
107
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
aptitude intelligence
crystallized intelligence
multiple intelligences
fluid intelligence
108
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
tolerance
activation-synthesis
dissociation
antagonists
109
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
higher-order conditioning
behavior shaping
token economy
law of effect
110
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic chiasm
fovea
feature detectors
optic nerve
111
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
stereotyping
superordinate goals
scapegoating
out-group homogeneity
112
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
continuous
partial
primary
secondary
113
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
Hawthorne effect
double blind study
counterbalancing
single blind study
114
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
median
range
mean
standard deviation
115
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
episodic memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
116
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
dissociative
schizophrenic
anixety
personality
117
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
psychoanalytic
humanistic
trait
cognitive
118
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
sensory memory
long-term memory
short-term memory
procedural memory
119
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
secondary central dispositions
unconditional positive regard
factor analysis
defense mechanisms
120
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they can determine causal relationships between variables
121
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
dispositional
behavioral
situational
social
122
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
50
95
68
84
123
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of debriefing
risk of psychological harm
lack of informed consent
violation of confidentiality
124
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
social-cognitive study
developmental study
longitudinal study
cross-sectional study
125
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
reciprocity norm
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
fundamental attribution error
126
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
make new friends
go for a run
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
127
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
hearing high frequencies
sensory adaptation
detecting absolute threshold
sound localization
128
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
129
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
REBT
client-centered therapy
token economies
systematic desensitization
130
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
deindividuation
central route persuasion
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
mere-exposure effect
131
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
attachment
object permanence
conservation
universal ethical principles
132
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
bottom up processing
difference threshold
signal detection theory
absolute threshold
133
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
binocular and monocular cues
top-down and bottom-up processing
proximity and similarity
134
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
James-Lange theory of emotion
Yerkes-Dodson law
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
135
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
beta waves
alpha waves
sleep spindles
delta waves
136
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
habituation
discrimination
accommodation
assimilation
137
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
neuroticism
extraversion
openness
conscientiousness
138
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
Down syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
mental retardation
fetal alcohol syndrome
139
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
bipolar disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
panic disorder
dissociative identity disorder
140
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
a theory
self-serving bias
hindsight bias
overconfidence
141
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
his research wasn't representative of the population
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
142
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
personalities
daily activities
sleep cycles
circadian rhythm
143
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
modeling
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
negative reinforcement
144
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
increasing group polarization within different groups
responding to deindividuation among group members
145
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
rods
cones
cornea
optic nerve
146
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
speaking aloud
moving her left hand
understanding what was said to her
solving a logic problem
147
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
episodic memory
retroactive memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
recall
148
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
social-cognitive
humanist
psychoanalyst
trait
149
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
standard deviation
median
range
mean
150
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
EEG
rTMS
MRI
PET
151
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
id, ego, and superego
traits, the environment, and behavior
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
152
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
temperament
environment
family
culture
153
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
prefrontal cortex
corpus callosum
hippocampus
medulla oblongata
154
light enters the eye through an opening in the
iris
fovea
blind spot
retina
155
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
secondary preventions
biomedical interventions
talking to a patient
cognitive-behavioral interventions
156
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
social learning theory
the overjustification effect
the law of effect
latent learning
157
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
transduction of the wave
frequency of the wave
158
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
at what age can children reason abstractly
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
159
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
dopamine
adrenaline
acetylcholine
160
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
opponent process theory
Schachter two-factor theory
social facilitation theory
James-Lange theory
161
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
William James
162
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
endocrine system
somatic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
serotonin system
163
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
oral stage
phallic stage
anal stage
latency period