Basics of Chemistry

Use to stabilize skin care products by preventing oxidation that would otherwise cause a product to turn rancid + decomp

Liquids are mutually soluble. Ex: water and alcohol

A uniform mixture of two or more mutually miscible substances.

The two types of emulsions that are used in cosmetic preparations

Causes an atom or molecule to split in two, creating a pair of ions with opposite electrical charges

Mixture of two or more Immiscible substances united with the aid of an emulsifier.

A protective barrier against certain forms of bacteria and other microorganisms

When you see a rusty mail, tarnish on a silver spoon or corrosion on metal, you are observing

Characteristics that can be determined w/o a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in the identity.

Combine or cause a substance to combine with oxygen

“Bases” have a pH above 7.0, taste bitter, and turn litmus paper from red to blue

The phase that acts as an external lubricant to smooth and protect the surface of the epidermis

Easily rinsed away with water

Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas and is the lighted element known

Formed by joining two or more atoms chemically

Combo of 2 or more atoms of diff elements united chemically w a fixed chemical composition, definite proportion, etc

An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge.

The phase that restores the natural moisture content of the epidermis making the skin soft and smooth.

Do not have a definite size (volume) or a definite shape. Ex: STEAM/VAPOR, PROPANE, OZONE

An anion with one oxygen and one hydrogen atom

The most abundant of all substances, comprising about 75% of earth’s surface and 65% of the human body.

The simplest form of chemical matter

Most abundant element found on earth, is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas

Neutral on the pH scale

Has definite size (volume) and a definite shape. Ex : ICE, BRUSHES, CHAIR

Change in the form or physical properties of a substance without the formation of a new substance

The rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light. Ex lighting a match

Oil loving

The natural pH of skin hair and nails is slightly acidic at

Contain two or more atoms of the same element that are united chemically

Chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized. Substance that releases O

Droplets of water dispersed in oil. Smaller amount of water larger amount of oil. Remove grime and prevents moist loss

A chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen, is a colorless liquid w a characteristic odor and a slightly acid taste.

“Potential hydrogen” A measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance. Ranges from 0-14

Colorless gaseous element. Makes up four-fifths of the air.

Used to emulsify oil and water to create an emulsion. Acronym for surface active agent

Have a definite size (volume) but not a definite shape. Ex: WATER, CLEANERS, SERUMS

Science that deals with the composition structure and properties of matter and how matter changes

Characteristics that can be determined only w a chemical reaction and that cause a chemical change in the identity

The study of substances that contain the element carbon

The branch of chemistry dealing with compounds that do not contain carbon but may contain hydrogen

Substances that have a ph below 7.0, taste sour, and turn litmus paper from blue to red.

Combination of 2 or more substances that are united physically, in any proportions with combined properties

When an acid is mixed with an alkali(base) in equal proportions to neutralize each other

Milky, free flowing liquids. Include moisturizing and cleansing lotions.

Chemical combinations of two or more atoms of different elements that are united chemically. Ex : sodium chloride (NaCl)

States of matter

Any substance that dissolves the solute to form a solution

An ion with a positive electrical charge

Droplets of oil dispersed in water. Smaller amount of oil and greater amount of water. Primarily used in salons and spas

Water loving

Gaseous mixture that makes up the earth’s atmosphere. Odorless and colorless.

Super oxidizers that cause an oxidation reaction and produce a “new one” in the process

Unstable mixtures of two or more Immiscible substances. Separates over time

Removes easily with wet cotten pads or sponges

Liquids are not mutually soluble. Ex: water and oil

An ion with a negative electrical charge

Any substance that is dissolved by a solvent to for a solution

Measurements of the logarithmic scale

A subtraction of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen

Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight)

The particles from which all matter is composed.