Chapter 3 Section 1

2 Cells form each with half the number of chromosomes still has 2 chromatids

Your body cells each contain about how many genes

Chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell

An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present

In Mendels cross for pod color, what contrasting traits did the parent pea plants exhibit?

Body cells of humans contain 43 chomosomes

4 sex cells are produced. Each cell has only 1/2 the number of chromosomes. each cell has 1 from each pair.

In Mendels cross for seed color, what contrasting traits did the parent pea plants exhibit?

In Mendels cross for plant height, what contrasting traits did the parent pea plants exhibit?

The different forms of a gene

the number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur

chromosome pairs come from where

According to the chromosome theory of inheritance, genes are carried from parents to their offspring chromosomes

Having 2 identical alleles for a trait

The production of Proteins is called _______

ATCG are the 4 different nitrogen bases that form the DNA ladder

The centromeres split, and the chromatids separate. Single chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell

The set of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

Walter Sutton studied the cells of...

Step 1 of protein synthesis

Protein synthesis takes place on the ribosomes in the ____ of a cell.

T/F A tall pea plant can be a hybrid for the trait of stem height.

An organisms physical appearance, or visible traits

The order of ___ ___ along the gene forms a genetic code that specifies what type of gene will be produced

Step 3 protein synthesis

The process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells is

An Allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present

Every chromosome in the parent cell is copied. Centromeres hold the 2 chromatids together.

Are plants in the F₁ generation purbred plants?

The principles of probability can be used to

What is codominance?

Step 2 of Protein Synthesis

A mutation is harmful if it reduces an organisms chance of survival

The genetic messenger is called

The scientific study of heredity

During Protein synthesis the cell uses information from a gene on a chromosome to produce a specific protein

A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.

Mendels experiment the pea plants inherited how many alleles from each parent for stem height?

Step 4 Protein Synthesis

T/F A short pea plant can be a hybrid for the trait of stem height.

The number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur.

An organism that has 2 different alleles for a trait

the process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells.

In 1903 who studied grasshoppers

The offspring of many generations that have the same traits

Chromosomes are composed mostly of DNA

There are 4 steps in translating the Code

The process in which an egg cell and a sperm cell join to form a new organism

In Mendels cross for seed shape, what contrasting traits did the parent pea plants exhibit?

Helpful mutations improve an organisms chance of survival - antibiotic resistance of bacteria is an example.

An organisms genetic make-up, or allele combinations

having 2 different alleles for a trait

Mutation is the latin word for

A chart that shows all the possible combinations of a genetic cross is a

Walter Sutton wanted to understand how ____ form.

The passing of traits from parents to offspring

Walter hypothesized that chromosomes were the key to understanding how

There are 2 types of RNA - messenger and transfer

in a genotype for plant height, such as Tt, what does each letter represent

types of mutations

The pairs separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.

Mutations cause a cell to produce an incorrect protein during Protein Syn. As a result the organisms trait may differ

Grasshoppers sex cells have half the number of chromosomes found in its body cells

Chromosome pairs separate and are distributed into 2 different cells during.

The chromosomes with 2 chromatids move to the center of the cell