FNMI Terminology

A broad term referring to the original inhabitants of a land and their descendants.

When a nation/group establishes control over another territory + its people, through settlement + economic exploitation

Ability of Indigenous nations + communities to make decisions about their own affairs, incl. governance, land + culture.

The right of a nation or people to govern themselves without outside interference.

Agreements between Indigenous nations and the government that outline rights, responsibilities, and land use.

Legal or inherent right granted to Indigenous peoples through treaties, often regarding land, resources, or governance.

1/3 recognized Indigenous grps in Can, referring to ppl of mixed Indigenous and European ancestry w a distinct culture.

A practice of passing knowledge, history, and cultural traditions through spoken word rather than written records.

Formal recognition and respect for traditional territories of Indigenous peoples, expressed at events or gatherings.

A person who moves into and occupies land that was traditionally inhabited by Indigenous peoples.

The act of opposing, challenging, or fighting against oppression, colonialism, or injustice.

A collective term for Indigenous peoples in Canada who are neither Métis nor Inuit.

The period when European explorers and colonizers first made contact w the Americas, beginning in the late 15th century.

Distinct Indigenous group primarily inhabiting Arctic regions, known for their unique language, culture, and traditions.