Which of the following are demyelinating disorders?

Multiple Sclerosis (CNS), Guilian Barre Syndrome (PNS)

What techniques can prime motor learning?

TMS, tDCS, DBS, aerobic exercise, neuropharmacology

What defects may happen during Stage 3 of neuroembryology

Lissencephaly (smooth brain), Dyslexia

Which are examples of gray matter?

ganglia (PNS), Cerebral cortex, Nuclei (basal ganglia, thalamus, CN)

What are the two branches off the internal carotid

Anterior cerebral atery (ACA), Middle cerebral artery (MCA)

What are the two main arteries of the brain

Internal carotid, Vertebral arteries

What is one way to test Level of alterness, attention and cooperation?

have patient spell short words forward and backwards

Werniecke's area located where?

Brodmann's area 22, dominant temporal lobe/parietal lobe

What three arteriers are branches off the vertebral and basilar arteries?

Anterior inferior cerebrallar artery (AICA), Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), Superior cerebral artery (SCA)

The posterior column pathway is responsible for?

vibration, fine touch, Proprioception

Spina Bifida is an embryological disorder that is caused from what...?

Posterior neuropore not fully closing in Stage 1

In regards to the Homunculus, where is the LE oriented on the brain?

down along the longitudinal fissure

How does transcranial detect current stimulation help prime motor learning?

can increase or decrease neuron activity

What are categories of neurological diagnosis?

Loss of consciousness, Referred pain: left arm paresthesia, Trauma: mechanical, vascular, CSF, circulation, Degenerative Disorder (parkinson's disease)

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Clinical Neuroscience Exam 1

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Questions 94

Answers

1
There are 2 neurotransmitters in the CNS; one is excitatory and inhibitory; which one is excitatory?
Glutamate
Norepinephrine
GABA
Acetylcholine
2
Which of the following are demyelinating disorders?
Multiple Sclerosis (CNS)
Parkinson's (CNS)
Guilian Barre Syndrome (PNS)
Anencephaly (PNS)
3
What techniques can prime motor learning?
TMS, tDCS, DBS, aerobic exercise, neuropharmacology
MRA, Doppler ultrasound
neuroangiography
MRI, CT
4
What is used to facilitate viewing possible neoplasm or brain abscesses on a CT
Rectal contrast
No contrast is needed
on contrast is used for MRI
Intravenous contrast
5
The parietal lobe is separated from the occipital via?
parieto-occipital sulcus
central sulcus
longitudinal sulcus
sylvian sulcus
6
Where is the neuroangiography inserted?
it can go anywhere
Carotid artery
Femoral artery
internal jugular vein
7
If a patient has comprised mental status, you can documents A&Ox2
False
True
8
How is density expressed in CT
lbs
RE
Hg
HU
9
What defects may happen during Stage 3 of neuroembryology
Macrogyria
Microcephaly (small brain)
Lissencephaly (smooth brain)
Dyslexia
10
Which are examples of gray matter?
ganglia (PNS)
peripheral nerves
Cerebral cortex
Nuclei (basal ganglia, thalamus, CN)
11
These structures are able to take up contrast except?
Venous sinus
choroid plexus
Arteries
pia mater
12
Structural neural plasticity-changes in the organization and #'s of connections among neurons
True
False
13
What are the two branches off the internal carotid
Anterior cerebral atery (ACA)
Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
Middle cerebral artery (MCA)
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
14
What are the two main arteries of the brain
Internal carotid
Vertebral arteries
Basilar arteries
Internal jugular artery
15
What is one way to test Level of alterness, attention and cooperation?
ask patient about historical or verifiable personal events
have patient recall a story after 3-5 minutes
see if patient can understand a simple question
have patient spell short words forward and backwards
16
(CN V, VII, IX, X, XI) are Muscles of Articulation
True
False
17
Water and fat content-is why certain areas appear brighter or darker than others.
True
False
18
If the patient's upper body is affected after a stroke, where did the patient experiene the stroke?
Lateral portion
N/A
medial portion
it does not matter where
19
The neurological exam is a part of the physical exam
False
True
20
Werniecke's area located where?
Brodmann's area 22
dominant temporal lobe/parietal lobe
Brodmann's area 44
Brodmann's area (3.1.2)
21
In a FLAIR image-CSF is darker than T2 and subtle abnormalities can be visualized
False
True
22
The somatic neurons are under involuntary control
False
True
23
What three arteriers are branches off the vertebral and basilar arteries?
Anterior inferior cerebrallar artery (AICA)
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
Superior cerebral artery (SCA)
Middle cerebral artery
24
MRI measures intensity
True
False
25
How long does a CT take?
1-5 minutes
30-45 minutes
30 seconds
5-10 minutes
26
A patient is experiencing magnetic gait and urinary incontinence, where may there be a lesion?
Temporal lobe
Occipital Lobe
Frontal lobe
Parietal Lobe
27
Visual motor system cranial nerves form during what weeks?
25 weeks
31-32 weeks
<1-3 weeks
14 weeks
28
In formation of axonal and dendritic processes, Swallow and gag CN form in the first 14 weeks
True
False
29
Synaptogenesis is the basis of neuroplasticity-continual communication can be strengthened within our lifetime
False
True
30
All the following are planes of section...Except?
Coronal
Sagittal
Horizontal
vertical
31
Patient's occupation, travel hx, habits, home and family situation should go in the SocHx/EnvHx
True
False
32
A way to test orientation is by asking patient for full name, what year and month it is, location
True
False
33
The posterior column pathway is responsible for?
vibration
pain
fine touch
Proprioception
34
Having a patient smell coffee or soap-what CN are we testing?
CN I & II
CN V
CN III
CN I
35
An acute cerebral infarction cannot be seen on CT within...?
3-6 hours
6-12 hours
24 hours
1-2 days
36
Medications, Rehabilitation techniques and Neuromodulation tools-can incorporate neuromodulation
False
True
37
The spiral (helical) CT reduces patient exposure to radiation
True
False
38
Transcranial magnetic stimulation helps with motor learning by increasing or decreasing corticomotor excitability
False
True
39
A patient is experiencing Calculations, Right-left confusion, Finger Agnosia and Agraphia, what is the syndrome?
Gerstmann's Syndrome
Guilian Barre Syndrome
Parkinson's Disease
Apraxia
40
All the following are names for white matter in the CNS: tracts, fascicle, lemniscus, bundle, commissure
True
False
41
Schwann Cells make the myelin sheath in the PNS
True
False
42
The Neurotransmitter for the Sympathetic NS is...?
GABA
Glutamate
Norepinephrine
Acetylcholine
43
Spina Bifida is an embryological disorder that is caused from what...?
neural tube not closing in stage 2
Anterior neuropore not fully closing in stage 1
Tangential migration defecting in stage 3
Posterior neuropore not fully closing in Stage 1
44
If there is a lesion in the non-dominant parietal lobe, what may a patient experience?
Gertsmann's syndrome
Apraxia
anosognosia
Hemineglect
45
In regards to the Homunculus, where is the LE oriented on the brain?
Lateral side of brain
down along the longitudinal fissure
46
What cranial nerve helps with hearing and equilibrium
CN VIII
CN IX
CN I
CN XII
47
How does transcranial detect current stimulation help prime motor learning?
can increase or decrease neuron activity
increases or decreases corticomotor excitability
involved in neuroprotection
key mediatoty of motor learning
48
The two spinal arteries are: Anterior and Posterior Spinal Arteries
False
True
49
What are categories of neurological diagnosis?
Loss of consciousness
Referred pain: left arm paresthesia
Trauma: mechanical, vascular, CSF, circulation
Degenerative Disorder (parkinson's disease)
50
The primary sensory cortex is located where in the brain?
parahippocampal gyrus
cingulate gyrus
Postcentral gyrus
Precentral gyrus
51
The corpus callosum is____to the fornix
Ventral
Rostural
Dorsal
Caudal
52
Orientation of the Brain: Above the midbrain diencephalic junction: anterior, posterior, superior, inferior mean?
Inferior=ventral
Posterior=caudal
Anterior=rostural
Superior=dorsal
53
What is used to detect carotid stenosis or measure flow in large vessels of head and neck?
X-ray
Doppler ultrasound
MRI
CT
54
T1 weighted image short TR and long TE which reveal minimal contrast
True
False
55
What structures make up the brainstem?
Medulla
Nuclei and white matter tracts
Midbrain
Pons
56
If there is an injury to the CNS, what happens?
Brain or neurons go into shock
interruption axonal projections from injured area
some neurons are removed entirely
denervation of population of neuons innervated by injured neurons
57
When looking at CT readings, what would bone/dense structures look like?
black=hypodense
White=hyperdense
gray=isodense
light gray=isodense
58
The PNS contains all the following...EXCEPT?
Enteric Nervous System
Spinal Nerves and dorsal root ganglia
Cranial Nerves and ganglia
Nuclei
59
Using a visual acuity you are testing CN II
False
True
60
Define the myelography CT?
determine conversion between calculated density values and gray scale
enhanced visualization of nerve roots and impingements of CSF
it is not a CT test
needle introduced into CSF by lumbar puncture-iodinated dye introduced CSF
61
What are some characteristic of neural plasticity?
occurs with motor learning
can be "good" or bad
occurs through electrodes
occurs with recovery of function
62
Asking the patient about a verifieable personal event is a way to test what type of memory?
Recent
Antegrade
Remote
Retrograde
63
Someone with Broca's aphasia what are symptoms the patient may have?
slowed and stuttered words
patient is unable to articulate
does not pertain to language
trouble with language comprehension
64
The two divisions of the PNS are...?
Parasympathetic
Meninges
Efferent
Afferent
65
The Telencephalon is developed from the Mesencephalon
True
False
66
Better cognitive functions happen after systemic levels of BDNF are increased 10-60 mins following exercise
False
True
67
T2 weighted imaging: gray matter=light gray; white matter=dark gray; CSF=white
True
False
68
EEG is an array of electrode applied to the scalp and detect weak electrical transmitted-commonly used for?
Memory
comprehension
Language
Level of alterness
69
T1-weighted imaging
gray matter=gray, white matter=white; CSF=black
Gray matter=light gray; white matter=dark gray; CSF=white
Gray matter=light gray, white matter=gray; CSF=dark gray
70
What two structures are feedback systems designed to refine movements
Pons
Basal Ganglia
Cerebellum
Medulla
71
The diencephalon becomes all...?
Thalamus
Pineal Glands
Epithalamus
Pons
72
What are the two MRI tests?
T1
T2
MRI does not have sub tests
FLAIR
73
Which are examples of mass effect?
edema
ganglia
Hemorrhage
neoplasm
74
All the following are types of Neurons....EXCEPT?
Hemipolar (no dendrite but 2 axons)
Bipolar (single dendrite and axon)
Multipolar (several dendrites and axons)
Unipolar (both axon and dendrite from a single process coming off cell body
75
The corticospinal tract control voluntary movement
False
True
76
The differentiation between pons and midbrain on CT is that the midbrain is more heart shaped
False
True
77
T1-anatomical brain section
better for detecting pathology
gray matter gray and white matter is white
better for identifying anatomy
gray matter is white and white matter is gray
78
Where is the decussation happen at the corticospinal tract?
spinal cord
cerebellum
Medulla
Thalamus
79
The Rhombencephalon becomes the Metencephalon and Myelencephalon
False
True
80
Retrograde amnesia is impaired memory of events for a period of time immediately before lesion onset
True
False
81
The air/less dense structures will be gray=isodense
True
False
82
The goal of the history taking and physical exam is: function
False
True
83
The following are reasons for a PT to study neuroradiology....EXCEPT?
help us gather more info of the patient
help us with out PT diagnosis
they have no reason studying the subject
84
The following image reflect which plane?
Vertical
Coronal
Sagittal
Axial
85
What are the three other ways to visualize blood vessels?
MRI
MRA
Spiral CT angiography
doppler ultrasound
86
Define neural plasticity
Brain/electrical activity/neuronal firing
Ability to modify its organization and function
involved neurochemical, receptor and neuronal structural change
Adaptive capacities of the CNS
87
Brighter areas are referred to as hyperintense and darker areas referred to as hypointense
True
False
88
What is the purpose of the neuroradiology?
detect subtle abnormalities not seen in 2D image
view integrity of blood vessels and lesions
Brain electrical activity/neuronal firing
89
The list of any prior medical or surgical history that does not directly relate to the HPI should go where?
HPI
CC
PMH
FHx
90
The main function of which cranial nerves is eye movement
CN II & III
CN IX
CN III, IV, VI
CN I
91
All the following are the mengines of the brain (covering of the brain)...EXCEPT
Arachnoid mater
subarachnoid mater
Pia Mater
Dura Mater
92
A patient is unable to follow a motor command, what is the patient experiencing and where is the lesion?
Apraxia-non dominant parietal lobe
apraxia-dominant parietal lobe
Perseveration-frontal lobe
Hemineglect-non-dominant parietal lobe
93
Mass effect is anything that distorts the brain's usual anatomy by displacement
False
True
94
FITT Principle
Time: 45 mins; type combine anaerobic with aerobic exercise
Time: more than 30 min; Type: combine aerobic exercise with resistance
frequency: 3x/wk; Intensity: 65% max HR
Frequency: 4x/wk; intensity: 70% max HR

Clinical Neuroscience Exam 1 Flashcards | StudBud