How is the Congressional Budget Office different from the GAO?

The CBO provides estimates for budgeting purposes

This 1971 case ruled that busing was an acceptable remedy to desegregate schools

Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools

For what primary reason do parties hold primaries and / or caucuses?

To select a candidate for the general election

Why are state party operations so critical to presidential candidates?

They know the election laws in that state

What law requires employers to reasonable accommodate people with disabilities?

The Americans With Disabilities Act

What has been true about American's attitudes about government since 1964?

They have less trust in the governmnt

What case est. that the least restrictive remedy must be used when limiting adult programming?

United States v. Playboy Entertainment

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Questions 341

Answers

1
What political philosopher most inspired the writing of the Declaration?
Montesquieu
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Adam Smith
2
The 3 part test for government acting according to the establishment clause was established in
Engel v. Vitale
Lemon v. Kutzman
Employment Division v. Smith
Miller v. California
3
When the President is using the "bully pulpit", what tool is probably nearby?
a microphone
a pen
a shovel
a light saber
4
All of the following are ways the President might achieve a policy without passing a law EXCEPT
veto override
executive orders
executive agreements
selective enforcement
5
How is the Congressional Budget Office different from the GAO?
The CBO is a watchdog on the GAO
The CBO is part of the Federal Reserve
The CBO provides estimates for budgeting purposes
The CBO is a partisan organization
6
In the 1830s, the Supreme Court ruled in Barron v. Baltimore that the Bill of Rights restrained
the state governments
all governments in the US
only the federal government
only the executive power
7
Whose term lasts six years?
U.S. judges
U.S. President
U.S. Representatives
U.S. Senators
8
Which of the following committees would be considered most powerful?
Appropriations
Energy and Commerce
Veteran's Affairs
Ethics
9
The President must have the advice and consent of the Senate to make treaties and __________.
tax
appointments
declare war
veto
10
What case established it is constitutional to burn the US flag in symbolic protest ?
Miller v. California
Schenk v. the United States
Tinker v. DesMoines
Texas v. Johnson
11
What court ruling banned simplistic formulas that advantaged minorities in college admissions?
Fisher v.University of Texas
Grutter v. Bollinger
Adarand Construction v. Pena
Gratz v. Bollinger
12
Which of the following Constitutional principles insures we are not a confederation?
limited government
elastic clause
implied powers
supremacy clause
13
What case established broadcasting can be regulated at a higher standard than newspapers?
Texas v. Johnson
Red Lion Broadcasting v. FCC
Miller v, California
NY Times v. Sullivan
14
What innovation in broadcasting led to the development of "narrowcasting"?
satellite tv
the internet
netflix
cable television
15
Which amendment provided for an income tax?
15th
10th
16th
12th
16
House or Senate? Committee assignments are based on seniority.
House
Neither
Both
Senate
17
What case established students can wear arm bands to school in symbolic protest ?
Miller v. California
Schenk v. the United States
Tinker v. DesMoines
Texas v. Johnson
18
What do legislators get out of iron triangles?
support from interest groups
expanded budget authority
seniority in committee assignments
increased staff
19
The distance between a law and implentation is called
appellate jurisdiction
bureaucratic distance
slippage
administrative discretion
20
What types of elections do states have that the federal government does NOT have?
primaries
general elections
policy elections
21
What case established that speech can be banned that poses a "clear and present" danger?
Texas v. Johnson
Schenk v. the United States
Miller v. California
NY Times v. Sullivan
22
This amendment protects states from lawsuits from people not living in the state.
11th
10th
9th
12th
23
This case ruled that women have a right to an abortion in the 1st trimester without restriction
Griswold v. Connecticut
Gideon v. Wainwright
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
Roe v. Wade
24
What type of primary do political parties like best?
unicameral
blanket
closed
open
25
What court cased ruling established that arbitrary gender discrimination is unlawful?
Santa Clara v. Martinez
Shaw v. Reno
Shaw v. Hunt
Reed v. Reed
26
This 1971 case ruled that busing was an acceptable remedy to desegregate schools
Plessy v. Ferguson
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
27
Who determines the method and timing of delegate selection?
the voters through referendum
the Suoreme Court
the U.S. Congress
the states
28
For what primary reason do parties hold primaries and / or caucuses?
to produce a party platform
To raise money
To select a candidate for the general election
To build enthusiasm
29
The goal of the Graham-Rudman-Hollings act of the 1980s had what goal?
a balanced budget
returning budget initiation to Congress
passing a flat tax
a deficit tied to the GDP
30
The effect of iron triangles is typically
elitism
hyperpluralism
socialism
pluralism
31
House or Senate? The Vice President breaks ties.
Senate
Neither
House
Both
32
What party, est. in the 1890s, failed to defeat the Republicans despite support from Democrats?
Populists
Know Nothings
Dixiecrats
Whigs
33
A judge appointed as a recess appointment can serve for no longer than
2 years
1 year
6 months
3 years
34
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "medium scrutiny" standard.
religion
race
gender
wealth
35
A disconnect between a law/ statute and the implementation is likely due to
adminstrative discretion
issue networks
regulation
due process
36
What court ruling raised the standard for contract set-asides to "compelling gov't. interest"?
Fisher v.University of Texas
Adarand Construction v. Pena
Regents of Univ. of CA v, Bakke
Gratz v. Bollinger
37
The idea that you don't need to outspend your opponent, but you need to get your message out is
the doctrine of campaign finance
the doctrine of sufficiency
the doctrine of currency
the doctrine of efficiency
38
Why are state party operations so critical to presidential candidates?
They raise most of the money
They do polling
They know the election laws in that state
They provide endorsements
39
Most elected officials use this model of leadership
agency model
instructed delegate model
politico model
trustee model
40
All of the following demographic trends in the U.S. are true EXCEPT:
We will soon be a majority minority nation
the population is shifting to the south
Blacks outnumber hispanics
The median age is getting higher.
41
What law requires employers to reasonable accommodate people with disabilities?
The Handicapped Bill of Rights
The Disabled Accommodation Act
The Americans With Disabilities Act
The Disabled Freedom Act
42
What has been true about American's attitudes about government since 1964?
they have become more informed
They have less trust in the governmnt
They have voted more often
they have become more ideological
43
When does a federal judge leave office?
After 10 years
after a no confidence vote
After 5 years
when they choose or die
44
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Support / expansion of government programs.
liberal
conservative
45
What case est. that the least restrictive remedy must be used when limiting adult programming?
Texas v. Johnson
United States v. Playboy Entertainment
NY Times v. Sullivan
Red Lion Broadcasting v. FCC
46
What two multimillionaires dominated the press in the late 1800s, producing yellow journalism?
Hearst and Pulitzer
Smith and Wesson
Cooper and Flanigan
Raymour and Flanigan
47
What is the only presidential foreign policy action that is self executing?
waging war
appointing ambassadors
executive agreements
diplomatic recognition
48
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Get rid of the "death tax" (a.k.a estate taxes)
Democrat
Republican
49
Who was the 1st US President to control the press by controlling info and staying on message?
W. Bush
Clinton
Reagan
H,W. Bush
50
This case ruled that "undue burden" will be the lesser standard for abortion restrictions
Roe v. Wade
Griswold v. Connecticut
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
Gideon v. Wainwright
51
All of the following are ways the president controls the bureaucracy EXCEPT
eliminate agencies
reorganize budgets
issue executive orders
appointments
52
Who makes up the interpreting population for the court system?
lawyers and judges
criminals
attorneys
police officers & teachers
53
In what types of cases is the plaintiff always the government?
justiceable
appellate
criminal
civil
54
What caused a steady increase in the cost of campaigns in the late 1950s and early 60s?
new state election laws
inflation
staffing requirements
television
55
How do slander and libel differ as forms of defamation?
libel concerns a group and skander an indiviidual
slander is spoken and libel is written
slander is a misdemeanor and libel is a felony
libel in spoken and slander is written
56
This program provides pensions for the handicapped, orphaned, blind and elderly
Medicaid
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
Medicare
Social Security
57
The purposes of government are discussed in what part of the Constitution?
The Bill of Rights
The Introduction
The Preamble
The Mutual Pledge
58
Voters registered as independents are positively correlated with what behavior?
ticket-splitting
protesting
fundraising
voting
59
According to Max Weber, all of the following are characteristics of bureaucracies EXCEPT
promotion based on merit
reliance on technology
division of labor
chain of command
60
When a newly elected president claims his/her policies should be enacted, they are claiming
neutral competence
state of the union
electoral mandate
bully pulpit
61
What do bureaucrats get out of iron triangles?
more authority and bigger budgets
endorsements
lobbyists
less red tape
62
In what type of primaries can voters vote for different parties on the same ballot?
blanket
bicameral
closed
open
63
All of the following increase the likelihood of voting EXCEPT
being wealthy
being educated
being young
being female
64
All of the following are true of primaries EXCEPT?
there is a ballot
Voters physically meet and discuss candidates
they are more common than caucuses
states have them on different dates
65
Which article of the Constitution outlines the amendment process?
Article III
Article IV
Article VI
Article V
66
The fact that Congress initiates laws is an example of . . .
limited government
checks and balances
judicial review
separation of power
67
This amendment clarified presidential succession should the President be ill but not dead.
23rd
26th
25th
24th
68
Over time, national party conventions have become less
contentious
attended
predictable
fun
69
What is a common outcome of lack of party cohesion?
voter apathy
runaway spending
separation of powers
rapid passage of laws
70
The Department of Homeland Security, Education, Health and Human Services are all examples of
Cabinet positions
Independent Executive Agencies
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Government Corporations
71
All the following constitutionally "bind" states EXCEPT
privileges and immunities protections
full faith and credit clause
extradition
dual federalism
72
The United States government is accurately described as
a republic
an autocracy
a unitary federation
a democracy
73
All of the following undercut the importance of campaign strategy EXCEPT
selective perception
incumbency advantage
media culture
party identification
74
Senatorial courtesy is most important /critical for what level of the federal courts?
the circuit courts
the Supreme Court
the district courts
75
What case established that the government can regulate corporations under the commerce clause?
Sweatt v. Paint
Munn v. Illinois
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Gibbons v. Ogden
76
If the Supreme Court wants to hear a case, they issue a /an
a warrant
opinion
oral argument
writ of certiori
77
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Privatize Social Security.
Democrat
Republican
78
What percentage of delegates does a candidate need to get the nomination?
50% +1
100%
the largest percentage of all candidates
2/3 or 75%
79
Which party requires that primary / caucus results be used to assign delegates proportionally?
Republicans
Democrats
80
What IS and what is NOT present in a Court of Appeals trial?
5 judges, juries
3 judges, witnesses
attorneys, judges
4 judges, law fairies
81
House or Senate? Has filibusters.
Both
House
Neither
Senate
82
Why did Antifederalists oppose the Constitution?
They wanted a democracy
They feared a strong federal government
They felt the Bill of Rights was flawed
They felt the states were too powerful
83
"Pork"and "earmarks" are nicknames for
legislation that has wide appeal
legislation related to agricultural subsidies
retiring officials that become lobbyists
federally funded projects that benefit a small group/region
84
This court case established the "medium scrutiny" standard for gender-based classification
Schaffley v. Hoke
Craig v. Boren
Reed v. Reed
ERA v. Hunt
85
This amendment provided for the direct election of senators.
18th
16th
19th
17th
86
This amendment says Congress can't raise their own salaries.
24th
25th
26th
27th
87
How has TV coverage of conventions changed over time?
It is nonexistent
It is more in depth
It is longer
it is shorter
88
A hierarchical organizational chart of a party with chairperson at top & candidates at bottom
iis a requirement in a democracy
shows that party strength is on the rise
iis accurate
may be ideal but isn't realistic
89
Why did Democrats decide to create "superdelegates" after the McGovern - Fraser reforms?
to reward big fundraisers
to rank and file party members would have a voice
to ensure the best balloon drop at the convention
to make sure elected officials and party leaders had power
90
Tha patronage system was reformed by what law that requires civil service exams?
Pendleton Act
The McKinley Act
Hatch Act
The Stalwart Law
91
Which of the following must an American do to belong to a political party?
think they are in it
attend meetings
register
pay dues
92
According to the Constitution, once a year, the president is required to do what?
restate the oath
inform Congress about the state of the Union
hold a joint session of Congress
Give a speech
93
What case declared that the accused must be provided a lawyer if they cannot afford one?
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Gideon v. Wainwright
Escobedo v. Illinois
Miranda v. Arizona
94
How has the gov't. ensured press access to the war front & insured context in their reporting?
they allow reporters to "embed" with military units
all war reporters are members of the military
the military provides info to be vetted by the press
they put no restrictions on the press in war torn areas
95
What portion of the 14th amendment is the basis for civil rights protections in the US?
elastic clause
the free exercise clause
the due process clause
the equal protection clause
96
Checks & balances, separation of powers & federalism insure that change in the US will be
impossible
speedy and swift
slow and deliberate
through consesnsus
97
The following plans / compromises are evident in the ratified Constitution except which one?
Slave Trade
Virginia Plan
3/5 Compromise
Connecticut
98
All of the following groups were part of the New Deal coalition EXCEPT
the wealthy
white souitherners
blacks
unions
99
What court ruling banned the use of quotas in university admissions?
Regents of Univ. of CA v, Bakke
Snyder v. Phelps
Fisher v.University of Texas
Texas v. Johnson
100
Which chief justice (appointed by Nixon) upheld abortion & ruled against him in U.S. v. Nixon?
Warren Burger
John Roberts
Earl Warren
William Rehnquist
101
Uncontrollable expenditures result from
tax loopholes
entitlements
deficit spending
tax indexing
102
How long do national party conventions typically last?
1 day
1 week
3 days
4 days
103
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "strict scrutiny" standard.
sexual orientation
age
gender
race
104
Which of the following is true of the bureaucracy?
10% is appointed by the President after inauguration
It has grown sharply since the 1970s
Salaries for federal employees is variable and unpredictable
Military personnel make up the largest segment
105
The advisor(s) with the least loyalty to the President tend to be
White House Staff
The cabinet
the Vice President
The Executive Offices
106
What case ruling made 527 groups flourish because corporations could give them unlimited funds?
FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life
McCain v. BCRA
US v. Nixon
Citizens United v, Federal Election Commission
107
Thanks to the 22nd amendment, the President is now inaugurated in this month.
March
February
January
December
108
A trial balloon is usually preceded by a
scandal
interview
beat
leak
109
This 1857 case ruled that blacks were not citizens and slaves were property.
Griswold v. Connecticut
Reynolds v. United States
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Plessy v. Ferguson
110
This case banned teacher led prayer in school
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Engel v. Vitale
Gitlow v. New York
Employment Division v. Smith
111
Which of the following is not one of the purposes mentioned in the Preamble?
ensure domestic tranquility
due process
provide for the general welfare
establish justice
112
What branch can create "inferior courts" of the federal system?
Executive
Legislative
Judicial
Bureaucracy
113
What percentage / fraction of the Senate must approve treaties for them to become law?
3/4
2/3
51%
unanimous
114
All of the following are tasks of political parties EXCEPT
articulate policies
coordinate campaigns
run polls on election day
pick candidates
115
Is political socialization mostly formal or informal in the U.S.?
informal
formal
116
Which of the following is true of Supreme Court opinions?
They must meet the standard of stare decisis
They must be unaninmous
they are either concurring or dissenting
All are written by the Chief Justice
117
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Get rid of the "death tax" (a.k.a estate taxes)
Democrat
Republican
118
The case Buckley v. Valeo struck down what part of campaign finance restrictions?
the part that said you must take public funding
the part that banned hard money
the part that said you can't fund your own campaign
the part that banned soft money
119
What agency prepares the budget, which is first proposed by the executive (since the 1920s)?
The OMB
The White House Staff
The GOA
The Council on Economic Advisors
120
What group gained citizenship and could vote in 1924?
immigrants
native americans
migrant workers
blacks
121
What was evident after the Kennedy v. Nixon debates in 1960?
physical attractiveness could impact electoral success
the effect of television on politics would be minimal
The Conservative Era was over
politicians must take clear positions on issues
122
What agency oversees radio & television broadcasting & requires licensing?
Securities and Exchange Commission
Federal Communications Commission
Federal Trade Commission
Public Broadcasting Corporation
123
All of the following tend to happen as you age EXCEPT
You vote for Democrats
you attend to the news
you get more conservative
you vote more
124
What is the typical relationship between elected officials, party loyalty and constituents?
Officials put party loyalty before their constituents
Their loyalty depends on saliency of the issue
none of the above
Officials put their constituents before their party
125
What Republican attracted white southerners to the Republican party with his Southern Strategy?
Reagan
Goldwater
Nixon
H.W. Bush
126
Which of the following is true of Political Action Committees (PACS)?
They coordinate closely with their candidate
There are limits to how much they can accept from any person
their donors can remain anonymous
they tend to support incumbents
127
According to the Constitution you must be at least 30 years old to hold what office?
U.S. Representative
U.S. Judge
U.S. President
U.S. Senator
128
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Protect a woman's right to choose an abortion.
Democrat
Republican
129
What court case established the "hostile environment" standard for sexual harassment cases?
Employment Division v. Smith
Harris v. Forklift Systems
Playboy Entertainment v. United States
Reed v. Reed
130
What do family, mass media, school and peers have in common related to politics?
They are all agents of socialization
They are all interest groups
They are all potential groups
They are all informal
131
Executive agreements are like treaties in which of the following ways?
They indicate the President's intentions
They are binding for the next President
They need Senate approval
They need UN approval
132
In 1972, what constitutional amendment failed to be ratified?
Gay Rights
Tutle IX
Fuel Independence
The Equal Rights Amendment
133
What fact might indicate that an incumbent is in a tight reelection race?
they participate in debates
they increase campaign spending
They are avoiding media attention
they are taking clear positions on issues
134
How many justices must concur with an opinion for it to be considered precedent setting?
4
6
5
7
135
Why does the "Responsible Party Model" work better in Europe than in the U.S.?
Their parties are more organized
They have elections more often
They have more parties
They have more party cohesion
136
When is a party usually most cohesive in terms of voting as a bloc?
leadership votes
impeachment
when declaring war
domestic issues
137
These type of protesters have distance restrictions and cannot picket private residences:
abortion
police
school
zoning
138
Our nation's first government was a / an _________________.
unitary democracy
union
confederation
direct democracy
139
The largest portion of DISCRETIONARY federal spending goes to
defense
foreign aid
medicare
education
140
What impact did the Great Depression and Civil Rights have on the feds' commerce power?
contracted it / made smaller
it was unchanged
expanded it / made bigger
it was inconsistent
141
What party did Abraham Lincoln found?
Know Nothing
Republican
Whig
Democrat
142
All of the following are true about impeachment EXCEPT
Two U.S. presidents have been impeached
The chief Justice oversees the trial
standards for whaat is impeachable are very clear
The House decides the charges
143
All of the following happen at a party's national convention EXCEPT?
a debate between the two leading candidates
the writing of the party platform
candidate nomination
a speech by the Vice Presidential nominee
144
House or Senate? Has a Speaker.
Both
House
Senate
Neither
145
What law requires Congressional approval to deploy troops for more than 60 days?
The Patriot Act
The Geneva Convention
The Enduring Freedom Act
The War Powers Resolution
146
What article of the Constitution explains the judicial branch?
Article I
Article II
Article IV
Article III
147
Which of the following can the President do?
Initiate constitutional amendments
Initiate laws
Declare war
veto laws
148
Why are signing statements controversial?
They tend to indicate an intent for selective enforcement
They are relatively new in presidential history
they are executive orders in disguise
the Constitution says the actual President must sign laws
149
What person or groups bears the most responsibility for funding and shaping a campaign?
the candidate
the bureaucracy
interest groups
the party
150
This amendment eliminated the poll tax
24th
25th
23rd
22nd
151
Interest groups and political parties differ in that
Parties have legislative goals
political parties are involved in electioneering
political parties offer selective benefits
political parties' main goal is to get candidates elected
152
The Schechter Poultry v. U.S. case ruled that
government regulation is illegal
farm subsidies are illegal
the stock market must be reformed
The federal government was regulating trade within states
153
Case that said laws not aimed at religious interference but that have that affect are ok
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg
Barron v. Baltimore
Engel v. Vitale
Employment Division v. Smith
154
What was the most "democratic" institution established by our founders?
The House of Representatives
The Senaste
The Electoral College
The President
155
All of the following are a types of third parties we have seen in US politics EXCEPT
revolutionary
popular person-based
issue / cause
splinter
156
What congressional office regulates the spending of public funds?
The Federal Reserve
The Congressional Budget Office
The General Accounting Office
The Bean Counting Patrol
157
What was the goal of the McGovern-Fraser Commission in the 1960s?
to streamline platform writing
to make delegate selection more democratic
to regulate campaign finance
to eliminate caucuses in favor of primaries
158
How do U.S. elections compare with European ones?
They are longer, more exspensive and more common
They are shorter but more expensive
They are longer but cheaper
They are faster, cheaper, and less common
159
What type of communication is most likely to discuss a candidate's positions on the issues?
the nightly news
tv ads
a poll
interviews with media
160
What part of the 14th amendment allows selective incorporation of civil liberties protections?
the due process clause
the equal protection clause
the elastic clause
the necessary and propoer clause
161
Who actually votes to nominate candidates at the national convention?
party leaders
voters
electors
delegates
162
Who manages what federal cases the government will appeal to the Supreme Court?
the U.S. Marshalls
The Chief Magistrate
The Chief Justice
The Solicitor General
163
What case declared that "separate is inherently unequal", ending school segregation?
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Gideon v. Wainwright
Miranda v. Arizona
Escobedo v. Illinois
164
Which amendment says powers not granted to the federal government are retained by the states?
10th
11th
12th
8th
165
This amendment ended slavery
14th
15th
12th
13th
166
To hold what federal office must you have been a citizen for 7 years?
U.S. Senator
U.S. Representative
U.S. Judge
U.S. President
167
In what part of the Constitution are political parties discussed?
Article II
No part
Article III
Article V
168
What's the remedy if each house of Congress has passed a similar but not identical bill?
caucus
joint committee
conference committee
casework
169
If a case is decided as "stare decisis" , what does that mean?
they tied
they were unanimous
they defer to the lower court ruling
they want to lower courts to retry it
170
What president failed in his efforts to "pack" the Supreme Court with 6 more justices?
Franklin Roosevelt
John Kennedy
Teddy Roosevelt
Richard Nixon
171
Under the Articles of Confederation, what power did the federal government have?
to regulate interstate trade
to create courts
to tax
negotiate treaties
172
What was the first form of mass media?
daily newspapers
radio
television
telegraph
173
The Supreme Court ruled NC had gone too far in using race as a factor in drawing districts in
Shaw v. Reno
Reed v. North Carolina
harris v. Forklift Systems
Craig v. Boren
174
After Watergate and Vietnam, how did media treatment of the government shift?
the press became apathetic towards the government
the press became more deferentail to the legislative power
the press became more protective of the president
the press became a "watchdog" on the government
175
All of the elements below are part of iron triangles EXCEPT
legilslators
the President
bureaucrats
interest groups
176
Presidential authority to strip out parts of bills without rejecting the whole bill is known as
the pocket veto
ways and means
the line item veto
discretionary spending
177
How were affirmative action programs brought to an end in California?
an initiative was passed
an executive order by the Governor
the state legislative baody banned it
a court order
178
What part of the Civil Rights Act banned discrimination in federally funded programs?
Title XX
Title IX
Title XI
Title V
179
All of the following are typical actions of the President in their role as head of state EXCEPT
laying a wreath on the grave of the Unknown Soldier
pardoning a turkey on Thanksgiving
pardoning criminals
receiving foreign heads of state
180
What action is Congress's best "tool" for countering judicial activism?
regulations
impeachment
amendements
legislation
181
What is the point of a trial balloon?
to see how high it will go without popping
to launch a campaign
to mend fences after a scandal
to see public reaction before making a public announcement
182
What branch of the federal government MAY be involved in amending the Constitution?
The Legislative
The Judicial
The Executive
The Bureaucracy
183
An incumbent
has a 50% chance of being successful.
is running for re-election
has a hareder time raising money
is seeking office for the first time
184
From the Civil War - 1960s the "Solid South" voted
Republican
Whig
Democratic
Dixiecrat
185
This case ruled the gov't. can't use evidence gained as a result of an illegal search:
Miranda v. Arizona
NAACP v. Alabama
Gregg v. Georgia
Mapp v. Ohio
186
The most common vehicle the government uses to borrow money is
tax loopholes
bond sales
foreign banks
sequestration
187
Al the following are concurrent powers of the federal and state governments EXCEPT?
establishing courts
police power
taxation
printing currency
188
In the legislative process, what type of laws must originate in the House of Representatives?
declaring war
taxation bills
treaty approval
creating courts
189
The clear division of powers between the state and federal government is known as
new federalism
dual federalism
cooperative federalism
fiscal federalism
190
How did local party bosses win support and loyalty to their party in the past?
patronage
providing government services
voter fraud
advertising
191
All of the following are criticisms of our current primary / caucus system EXCEPT:
the early states are not representative of the US population
few people participate
the early states get too much attention
it caters to low information voters
192
Cesar Chavez led boycotts and demonstrations to get better protections for what group?
migrant workers
asians
women
hispanics
193
The Bill of Rights represents what constitutional principle?
judicial review
separation of powers
limited government
checks and balances
194
What effect did Shay's Rebellion have on the "founding fathers"?
They opposed federal taxation
They added a Bill of Rights to the Constitution
They were eager to create a stronger federal government.
They feared a stronger federal power.
195
House or Senate? Has standing committees..
Senate
Both
House
Neither
196
What do habeus corpus protections protect you against?
quartering troops in your home
treason charges
unlawful searches
unlawful imprisonment
197
What indicator is most significantly correlated with presidential approval ratings?
foreign policy achievements
character ratings
economic indicators
gold medals earned by the US at the Olympics
198
The power to determine voting requirements and election procedures is held by
the Congress
the courts
the President
the states
199
What is the driving focus of organization and action in local political party orgs today?
polling and policy positions
converting voters
information management and mobilization
patronage
200
Giving government jobs in return for loyalty and support of elected officials is called
due process
merit system
due diligence
patronage
201
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Support free trade and low tariffs.
liberal
conservative
202
What was the ruling in Korematsu v. The United States?
Germans and Italians should also be interned
Internment of Japanese US citizens is unconstitutional
People of Japanese ancestry born in the US are not citizens
Internment of people of Japanese ancestry is constitutional
203
Which of the following is true of 527 groups?
they produce issue ads
they disclose the names of contributors
They coordinate closely with candidates
They are for profit taxable organizations
204
What federal agency oversees all hiring, providing 3 candidates to the hiring agency?
National Labor Relations Board
The Bureaucratic Management Agency
The Civil Service Commission
The Office of Personnel Management
205
Why did Eisenhower say that his appointment of Earl Warren was a mistake?
He criticized Ike's response to the Little Rock Crisis
He "flipped" to the liberal side
He stepped down after 3 years
He "flipped" to the conservative side
206
Which courts have original jurisdiction in some cases?
District and Appeals
District only
Supreme and Appeals
Supreme and District
207
What fraction of state legislatures/ conventions must approve of all Constitutional amendmentS?
1/2
3/4
100%
2/3
208
What text says, "We hold these truths to be self evident. . . all men are created equal . . "?
Common Sense
The Constitution
The Declaration of Independence
The Gettysburg Address
209
Time, manner and place restrictions to preserve public order relate to the right to
pray
free speech
assemble
vote
210
What is casework?
Constituent services
research Congressional staffers do for committees
How a lawyer prepares for trial
Preparation for committee hearings
211
The model where you elect someone and expect them to use their judgement when voting is the
agency model
instructed delegate model
trustee model
politico model
212
This 1896 case ruled that "separate but equal" was constitutional
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Reynolds v. United States
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Plessy v. Ferguson
213
All of the following are legislative bodies related to the budget process EXCEPT
The Office of Management and Budget
The House Ways and Means Committee
Congressional Budget Office
The Senate Finance Committee
214
Which of the following type of voter is least common?
nature of the times
groups benefits
low information
idealogues
215
Conservative or liberal? Increase regulations to protect the environment.
liberal
conservative
216
What is the relationship between fiscal federalism and cooperative federalism?
cooperative federalism canceled fiscal federalism
Cooperative federalism caused fiscal federalism
You can only have one or the other, not both
fiscal federalism encourages cooperative federalism
217
What is the President's primary role in national security?
Reprieves and pardons
UN Ambassador
Commander in Chief
Party Leader
218
Media tends to be biased in all the following ways EXCEPT?
they focus on issues
They focus on individuals
They focus on odd/ unusual
they tend to be liberal
219
All of the following are true of caucuses EXCEPT
Only 12 states hold them
the most fanous ones are in Iowa
they were a tool of party machines and bosses in the past
the whole process takes one day
220
What is the primary reason some states have more delegates than others at the convention?
they raise the most money for the party
they have a larger population
They more reliably vote for the party
they have the most registered party members
221
Expanded influence of the feds over the states through funding is called . . .
fiscal federalism
fiscal policy
concurrent powers
incumbency
222
What "sole power" does the House of Representative hold, according to the Constitution?
Declare War
Taxation
Approve treaties
Impeachment
223
The Hatch Act bans federal employees from engaging in what behaviors?
Awarding contracts without a competitive bid process
Leaking information to the press
Electioneering during work hours
Awarding alcohol at official government functions
224
What court ruling upheld using race as part of a holistic assessment in admissions decisions?
Fisher v.University of Texas
Adarand Construction v. Pena
Grutter v. Bollinger
Gratz v. Bollinger
225
All of the following would make approval of a Supreme Court nominee more difficult EXCEPT
the nominee is older
it is the end of the President's second term
the nominee is relatively unknown
The Senate and President are from different parties
226
All of the following are ADMINISTRATIVE functions of the President EXCEPT
nominate officials
execute the law
fill vacancies
issue pardons
227
What aspect of campaigns gets the most media attention?
"horserace" coverage
the candidate's voting record
policy positions
fundraising
228
Why is it relatively hard to hire federal employees?
It is hard to find new people willing to take the exams
They generally quit before they can be fired
They cycle out after each presidential election
They have due process rights and cannot be fired w/o proof
229
What case ruling struck down anti-sodomy laws, granting gay people a right to privacy?
Lawrence v. Texas
Reece v. Texas
Texas v. Johnson
Smith v. Texas
230
Across the board cuts that result when the budget process bogs down are called
structural debt
sequestration
omnibus bills
regressive taxing
231
What is referred to as the "paradox of mass politics" in the US?
That the people think we have a democracy when we do not
how much people complain given how few vote
the success of our democracy given how little we know
How obsessed we are with presidential politics over local
232
During the Clinton administration, government spending was addressed by "offsets" meaning
savings from making cuts are converted to tax cuts
estate taxes would be raised each time spending went up
department budgets would all be cut to zero and built back
increased spending in one area must be offset by cuts
233
What case declared that the accused must be read their rights upon custodial interrogation?
Escobedo v. Illinois
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Miranda v. Arizona
Gideon v. Wainwright
234
All of the following indicate an intention to return power to the states from the feds EXCEPT
Nixon's New Federalismj
nullification
devolution
extradition
235
Strict constructionists seek to understand or discern
original intent
free exercise
judicial activism
inherent powers
236
This case limited federal power by ruling that the feds couldn't designate "gun free zones"
Butler v. U.S.
Schechter Poultry v. U.S.
U.S. v. Lopez
U.S. v. Nixon
237
Which of the following is an example of a beat?
newscast
narrowcast
press conference
politics
238
What case said the 14th amendment could extend civil liberties protections to the state level?
Gitlow v. New York
Engel v. Vitale
Schenk v. the United States
Lemon v. Kurtzman
239
How many levels are the federal court system?
four
two
five
three
240
For a case to be heard by the Supreme Court, how many justices must vote to accept it?
6
7
5
4
241
This amendment gave black males the right to vote
14th
13th
12th
15th
242
What case ruled that congressional districts must be drawn to have equal #s of people in them?
Swann v . Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Miranda v. Arizona
Baker v. Carr
Gideon v. Wainwright
243
The court case that broadly defined Congress' ability to control trade between states was
McCullough v. Maryland
Giibbons v. Ogden
Dartmouth v. Woodward
Fletcher v. Peck
244
What has led to a drop in the competitiveness of districts & a decline in contested elections?
polarization
filibustering
gerrymandering
electioneering
245
Habeus Corpus rights were at first denied to hundreds of suspected terrorists being held at
Guantanamo
Los Alamos
Alcatraz
San Quentin
246
What is the largest source of revenue coming into the US government?
Income taxes
Fuel taxes
Tariffs
Corporate taxes
247
Why are federal elected officials often referred to as "generalists"?
They know a lot about a few subjects.
They have the most expansive powers.
They favor military solutions in most cases.
They know a little about many subjects.
248
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 bans discrimination based on all the following criteria EXCEPT
race
age
religion
gender
249
What would be an effect of the U.S. adopting a unitary form of government instead of federal?
more powerful states
more uniformity
direct democracy
no states would exist
250
Teacher led prayers violate the
equal protectiion clause
no establishment clause
due process clause
free exercise clause
251
This law said suspected terrorists can be wiretapped and residences searched without notice
Wikileaks Act
Patriot Act
Protect America Act
Freedom Act
252
If you are a state or local official, which of the following are you the most excited about?
enumerated powers
categorical grants
unfunded madates
block grants
253
What case established the media can make incorrect claims as long as they didn't intend harm?
Miller v. California
Texas v. Johnson
Schenk v. the United States
NY Times v. Sullivan
254
You must prove you have been directly affected to prove that you have this in court
standing
jurisprudence
legitimacy
representation
255
Discrimination based on ________________ requires the "reasonable / lowest scrutiny" standard.
religion
gender
age
race
256
Incrementalism in the budget process leads to
inevitable growth in budgets
delays / slow budget negotiations
budget reconciliation
the military industrial complex
257
For what is Betty Freidan famous?
Being the lead lawyer in Roe v. Wade
Starting Ms. Magazine
founding the National Organization for Women
writing The Feminine Mystique
258
The two models of organization for White House Staff are hiearchical and
solar
flat
wheel and spoke
circular
259
Which of the following is an example of unconventional political participation?
protest
voting
running for office
petitioning
260
This 1954 case ruled that "separate but equal" was inherently unequal
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Plessy v. Ferguson
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
261
This law banned literacy tests & allowed federal oversight of election activities in the South
The Civil Rights Act of 1968
The 24th amendment
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
262
How many years must you have lived in the US to be President?
15 years
14 years
30 years
20 years
263
At the start of our republic, to vote you had to meet all the following criiteria EXCEPT
property owner
male
white
Christian
264
What is the relationship between policy entrepreneurs and media?
it is contentious
Media outlets depend on policy entrpreneurs for ratings
it is nonexistent
policy entrpreneurs depend on media for agenda setting
265
What case declared that the accused must be provided a lawyer during questioning if requested?
Miranda v. Arizona
Gideon v. Wainwright
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Escobedo v. Illinois
266
What does it mean when a candidate is being "vetted"?
They are being prepped for a debate
They are being fully "checked out" for any problems
They are being nominated
They are fiundraising
267
Whst American president is credited with inventing campaigning & inspiring "loyal opposition"?
Andrew Jackson
Alexander Hamilton
William McKinley
Thomas Jefferson
268
When judges are accused of letting their personal views shape decisions, unconstitutionally:
judicial activism
due process
strict constructionism
judicial restraint
269
House or Senate? Holds impeachment trials.
Both
Senate
Neither
House
270
What is a common way for Congressmen to get input from the bureaucracy?
deregulation
lobbying
approve appintments
hearings
271
Through what court case did John Marshall claim for the court the power of judicial review?
McCullough v. Maryland
U.S. v. Lopez
Gibbons v. Ogden
Marbury v. Madison
272
Unstated powers that are logically delegated to Congress and the president are called . . .
enumerated
inherent
supremacy powers
reserved
273
Which type(s) of federal court(s) do not have appellate jurisdiction?
Superior Courts
Circuit Courts
The Supreme Court
District Courts
274
Civil liberties protections for all citizens are based on
the 14th amendment
The Declaration of Independence
the Preamble
The Bill of Rights
275
One key job of the bureaucracy in relation to regulation is
rule-making
passing laws
filing class action lawsuits
iron triangles
276
Implied powers were upheld when the courts approved the national bank as a result of what case?
Gibbons v. Ogden
Fletcher v. Peck
Marbury v. Madison
McCullough v. Maryland
277
Which amendment banned alcohol in the U.S.?
25th
18th
21st
19th
278
What gov't agency makes sure that commercial speech is truthful & concerns lawful activity?
Federal Reserve
Interstate Commerce Commission
Federal Trade Commission
Securities and Exchange
279
Another term for prior restraint is
arrest
censorship
subpoena
warrant
280
What is the status of the constitutionality of the War Powers Resolution?
It has been upheld.
It is currently pending.
It has been struck down.
It has not been tested.
281
If a legislature declares a whole group of people to be criminals, that is called a _______?
extradition
ex post facto law
bill of attainder
de facto prosecution
282
Controlling for education and wealth, who is more likely to vote?
white Americans
black Americans
283
The Downs Model / Rational Choice Model explains
Why we have two parties
why we have polarization
Why third parties tend to fail
why we don't have radical parties in the US
284
Powers not granted to the federal government and retained by the states are called . . .
federalism
granted
reserved
enumerated
285
Most common criminals are prosecuted in what courts?
district
federal
state
appellate
286
This case ruled the gov't. can't require private organizations to turn over membership lists
Gregg v. Georgia
Mapp v. Ohio
Miranda v. Arizona
NAACP v. Alabama
287
Franking is
a duty given to US elected officials
a privilege granted to US elected officials
Illegal
Unregulated
288
This case ruled the government must provide an attorney if a suspect cannot afford one
Mapp v. Ohio
Gideon v. Wainwright
NAACP v. Alabama
Miranda v. Arizona
289
Where is judicial review "covered" in the Constitution?
Article I
Article III
Article VI
It's not
290
What is the primary reason third parties do not succeed longterm?
state requirementa to get on the ballpt
the winner take all system
campaign funding laws
voter apathy
291
Comstat, Amtrack and the Postal Service are all examples of
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Cabinet positions
Government Corporations
Independent Executive Agencies
292
These were the first two political parties in the United States.
Federalists and Democratic Republicans
Know Nothings and Whigs
Democrats and Whigs
Republicans and Democrats
293
House or Senate? Small states are disproportionately represented.
Both
Neither
Senate
House
294
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Protect the life of the unborn.
conservative
liberal
295
This amendment limits the U.S. President to two terms.
22nd
21st
20th
23rd
296
How many justices serve on the Supreme Court?
9
7
11
10
297
What is the President's main check on judicial power?
impeachment
file amicus curiae briefs
judge appointments
judicial review
298
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "strict scrutiny" standard.
gender
sexual orientation
wealth
religion
299
Who are the litigants in a case?
the plaintiff and defendent
the members of the jury
the judges
the lawyers
300
Before the president appoints a federal judge from a state, he'll usually get approval from
the state's governor
the state's House Reps
the state's senators
the Supreme Court
301
Third parties serve all of the following functions EXCEPT
safety valve for popular discontent
inject new issues into the policy agenda
motivate more people to vote
make elections less volatile
302
What case established a 3 part test for obscenity?
Texas v. Johnson
NY Times v. Sullivan
Schenk v. the United States
Miller v. California
303
All of the following are new realities of the budget process due to polarization EXCEPT?
omnibus bills
government shutdowns
fiscal cliffs
authorization bills
304
The idea that a popular candidate at the top of the ballot can help elect other party members
bandwagon
approval ratings
endorsements
coattails
305
If a state is part of "frontloading", it is probably
giving free tv time to candidates
moving its primary / caucus to an earlier date
making it harder to get on the ballot
making it easier to register to vote
306
What constitutes a "diversity citizenship" case?
naturalization
admiralty and maritime law
civil suits from those in different states over $75000
bankruptcy supervision
307
What agency insures that employees are allowed to organize labor unions?
ICC
FTC
NLRB
SEC
308
All of the following were intended to limit black voting EXCEPT
grandfather clauses
primaries
poll taxes
literacy tests
309
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 defined ___________________ as a form of discrimination.
inaccessibility
disability
accommodation
exclusion
310
Conservative or liberal? Provide a "path to citizenship" for law-abiding illegal immigrants.
liberal
conservative
311
The National Labor Relations Board, Fed. Communications Commission and SEC are examples of
Independent Executive Agencies
Cabinet positions
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Government Corporations
312
McCain Feingold, a.k.a. the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) did all the following EXCEPT
barred issue ads by outside groups before an election
required reporting of PAC contributions
eliminated the public funding option
increased the amount individuals to donate to candidates
313
What amendment gave women the right to vote?
19th
20th
17th
18th
314
What type of polls are candidates LEAST likely to use?
push polls
key word / phrasing polls
voter perception
exit poLling
315
People and groups who have a perspective on a case, but are not directly involved, can
hire lobbyists
file amicus curiae briefs
obtain standing
testify
316
Conservative or liberal? Require photo ID to vote.
liberal
conservative
317
Which of the following must an American do to belong to a political party?
think they are in it
attend meetings
pay dues
register
318
Nixon's efforts to cut spending by refusing to spend money allocated by Congress was called
budget resolution
fiscal cliff
sequestration
impoundment
319
What case established a 3 part test for obscenity?
Schenk v. the United States
Texas v. Johnson
Miller v. California
NY Times v. Sullivan
320
House or Senate? Has a rules committee.
House
Both
Neither
Senate
321
If an issue has high saliency it means
Lots of people are paying attention but few care
few people are paying attention
It has a short "shelf life"
Lots of attention is being paid and it could swing votes
322
What is a leading contributor to the superficial nature of modern media?
consolidation of news outlets
24 hour news channels
the prevalence of sound bites
Internet ads
323
House or Senate? Allows floor amendments.
House
Senate
324
If the President cannot get his judges approved by the Senate, what is his/her other option?
a recess appointment
a veto war
shrink the # of courts
executive order
325
All of the following are cases that upheld the death penalty EXCEPT
McClesky v. Kemp
Gregg v. Georgia
Griswold v. Connecticut
Furman v. Georgia
326
When Sen. Majority Leade Reid cut the # of votes needed to approve judges it was deemed
the filibuster
free exercise
the nuclear option
sequestration
327
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Oppose mandatory minimum sentencing programs.
Democrat
Republican
328
All of the following contribute to hyperdemocracy or officials "running scared" except
strong parties
the power of interest groups
short terms
primaries
329
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Increase taxes on the wealthy.
liberal
conservative
330
What is the purpose of a caucus in the House, Senate or made of both Reps and Senators?
To stop legislation
To focus their collective energy of a specific area
To stop amendments
To iron differences out on controversial topics
331
Which leadership model is related to a direct democracy?
instructed delegate
trustee
division of labor
politico
332
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Put a cap on malpractice lawsuits.
Democrat
Republican
333
The Trial of Peter Zenger in colonial America established what new precedent?
you can criticize gov't officials if the info is true
editorials are held to a different standard
all officials criticized have a right f rebuttal
you can be punished if you criticize gov't leaders
334
All of the following were a part of the 1974 Federal Elections Campaign Act EXCEPT
required candidtes to take public funds
limited contributions
a program to publicly fund campaigns was started
required reporting of income/spending
335
NASA, National Science Foundation & General Services are all examples of
Cabinet positions
Government Corporations
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Independent Executive Agencies
336
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Subsidize renewable energy development.
Democrat
Republican
337
All of the following are purposes of national conventions now EXCEPT
to officially nominate a candidate
to debate policy openly
to advertise the candidate
to energize the party faithful
338
The Supreme Court has had original jurisdiction in all the following cases EXCEPT
between the US and states
between a state and a country
between 2 or more states
capital punishment cases
339
Empty question
340
The significance of campaign strategy
is often underestimated
is that it typically converts voters
is generally overstated
is that it sets the policy agenda
341
What prevents the press form being too "tough" on the government and officials?
they need access to government officials
They might alienate viewers
They are inherently patriotic
they are liberal biased towards government intervention