growth of trade and towns in western Europe

dominated key Mediterranean trade routes

a decline in the power of the Catholic Church

Muslims defended Jerusalem because it was sacred to them.

Cultural exchanges between the Middle East and Europe grew

shaped the Reformation and the Counter Reformation

Achievements of Medieval Europe

Martin Luther posting the Ninety-five Theses

Secular achievements were emphasized.

challenge the authority of the Catholic Church

location near the coast of the Mediterranean Sea

guild system of Europe in the Middle Ages

improvements to the printing press

the importance of the individual

Trade increased between China and Europe.

an outlook emphasizing classicism, secularism, individualism

The interaction of people spread the plague.

A shortage of workers developed.

passage of the Act of Supremacy under Henry VIII

Galileo published information about a heliocentric universe

end of religious unity in Europe

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Duplicate of European Middle Ages, Crusades, Renaissance, Protestant Reformation

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Questions compiled from New York State Regents Exams on The Middle Ages, Crusades, Renaissance, and Protestant Reformation #globalstudies #regents

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Questions 112

Answers

1
31
from the Americas to Asia
from Europe to the Americas
from Asia to Europe
from Africa to Southeast Asia
2
24
growth of trade and towns in western Europe
fall of the Ming dynasty
development of Pax Mongolia
control of Jerusalem by Europeans
3
98
were unified as a nation under the Pope
dominated key Mediterranean trade routes
defeated the Spanish Armada
were unaffected by the Commercial Revolution
4
1
the growing power of the feudal nobility in Europe
a major conflict among Eastern Orthodox Christians
a decline in the power of the Catholic Church
an increased sense of nationalism in Tudor England
5
46
Democracy in the Middle East grew.
Slavery was eliminated.
Cultural diffusion increased.
Europe's population severely declined.
6
25
Muslims attacked and conquered Constantinople.
Many Muslims visited Europe for luxury goods.
Most Muslims converted to Christianity.
Muslims defended Jerusalem because it was sacred to them.
7
59
European Renaissance
Early Middle Ages
Scientific Revolution
Hellenistic Golden Age
8
7
Cultural exchanges between the Middle East and Europe grew
Feudalism began in western Europe.
Muslim control of Jerusalem ended.
Christians and Muslims achieved a lasting peace.
9
76
improvements in medical science
decrease in anti-Semitism
labor shortages
overseas exploration
10
10
expanded the importance of the Orthodox Church
brought religious unity to Europe
ended the Glorious Revolution
shaped the Reformation and the Counter Reformation
11
58
manorialism
communism
capitalism
socialism
12
54
Changes Resulting from the Counter Reformation
Improvements Under the Tokugawa
Achievements of Medieval Europe
Developments in Ancient Ghana
13
2
along waterways
near grasslands
on the tundra
in the mountains
14
65
the development of capitalism
a decline in the spice trade
the destruction of the papacy
an increased reliance on bartering
15
88
Crusades
Scientific Revolution
Age of Exploration
Protestant Reformation
16
78
astrolabe
compass
wheel
printing press
17
96
Martin Luther posting the Ninety-five Theses
German cities establishing the Hanseatic League
King John signing the Magna Carta
Pope Urban II calling for the Crusades
18
52
Suffrage was granted to men and women.
Secular achievements were emphasized.
Most literature was written in Arabic.
Most ancient Greek and Roman ideas were rejected.
19
66
emphasize the importance of the Bible
caused the Thirty Years War
helped to unify Christendom
challenge the authority of the Catholic Church
20
47
Crusades
Age of Reason
Protestant Reformation
Puritan Revolution
21
21
Johannes Gutenberg
Galileo Galilei
William Shakespeare
Niccolo Machiavelli
22
90
slash-and-burn agriculture
the three-field system
the enclosure movement
modern irrigation methods
23
95
mountainous terrain of the Alps
location near the coast of the Mediterranean Sea
navigable waters of the Danube River
ease of travel on the Northern European Plain
24
86
caste system of India
encomienda system of Latin America
guild system of Europe in the Middle Ages
civil service system of China during the Tang dynasty
25
55
introduction of the telegraph
creation of the telescope
development of the astrolabe
improvements to the printing press
26
17
Age of Pericles
Age of Reason
Commercial Revolution
Glorious Revolution
27
107
urban areas
rural farms
mountainous areas
remote villages
28
6
Mercator map projection
magnetic compass
triangular sail
movable-type printing press
29
81
amount of land possessed
level of education achieved
number of slaves owned
amount of money earned
30
61
conquest of Japan
trade with Asia
exploration of the Western Hemisphere
trade across the Sahara
31
89
city of Constantinople fell
Roman Empire collapsed
Mongols invaded
Renaissance began
32
19
the affairs of the church
the importance of the individual
political theories
self-sufficiency
33
83
The Silk Roads replaced the all-water route to Asia.
The Chinese forced the Europeans to trade only in Peking.
China was isolated from other countries.
Trade increased between China and Europe.
34
60
increase competition
obtain better working conditions in factories
regulate the money supply
standardize goods and prices
35
111
Henry VIII
John Wycliffe
Martin Luther
John Calvin
36
22
the Four Noble Truths
Greek ideas
Chinese pagodas
Gothic architecture
37
70
a shift in production from domestic system to factory system
a way of thinking stressing humility and Christian faith
reliance on the Pope and his knights to maintain stability
an outlook emphasizing classicism, secularism, individualism
38
103
It followed trade routes.
It increased agricultural production.
It encouraged nationalism.
It was restricted to rural areas.
39
5
The plague started in western Europe
The interaction of people spread the plague.
Port cities were relatively untouched by the plague
The plague primarily affected China.
40
50
colonization of the Americas
economic decline
development of the manorial system
increase in trade
41
27
German states dominated trade in the eastern Mediterranean.
Food crops had to be imported from the Americas.
A shortage of workers developed.
The rate of urbanization increased.
42
33
absolutism
communism
scholasticism
humanism
43
82
growth of the Maya Empire
impact of the Crusades
effects of the barter system
rise of Charlemagne
44
106
Reconquista of Spain conducted by Ferdinand and Isabella
passage of the Act of Supremacy under Henry VIII
establishment of the Jesuit order under Ignatius Loyola
death sentence given to Joan of Arc
45
49
Renaissance
Age of Absolutism
Enlightenment
Early Middle Ages
46
102
individualism
religious salvation
absolutism
technological advancements
47
56
military
monarchy
legislature
church
48
67
economic undertakings
family life
scholarship
politics
49
29
Emperors used the Twelve Tables to bring about Pax Romana
Gothic cathedrals became the focal point of town activities
Galileo published information about a heliocentric universe
Charlemagne was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope
50
13
astrolabe
paper currency
caravel
printing press
51
71
end of religious unity in Europe
establishment of parliamentary democracy in Britain
fall of the Ottoman Empire
attempts made to reclaim the Holy Land
52
20
the importance of the individual
self-sufficiency
the affairs of the church
political theories
53
80
unified central government
geographic location
isolationist economic policies
system of social equality
54
62
investigating areas of interest, fulfilling one's potential
training as a knight and practicing chivalry
living apart from the world and taking monastic vows
obeying divine right monarches and the church
55
37
serving the spiritual needs of society
promoting social mobility
reviving and preserving learning
maintaining economic self-sufficiency
56
35
increase in the sale of indulgences by the Catholic Church
decline in religious unity
increased power of the Catholic pope
reduction in religious wars
57
73
establish markets for Italian merchants
secure access to Christian holy sites in Jerusalem
halt the advance of Mongol armies in the Asian steppes
rescue Pope Urban II from the Byzantines
58
79
being too concerned with worldly power and riches
sponsoring explorations to the Middle East
refusing to sell indulgences to peasants
allowing the Bible to be printed and given to people
59
112
Pax Romana
Enlightenment
Age of Exploration
medieval period
60
77
A person's life on Earth is merely preparation for afterlife
People have potential and can improve themselves by learning
The pope expresses the ultimate word of God.
God selects those to be saved.
61
4
interaction with Latin America
surplus of porcelain from Japan
occupation by foreign powers
access to important trade routes
62
110
Protestant Reformation
Glorious Revolution
trans-Atlantic slave trade
Reconquista
63
36
traders and pilgrims during Pax Mongolia
sailors during Viking raids
enslaved Africans on the Middle Passage
missionaries during the European Age of Exploration
64
26
iron ore
fertile soil
gold mines
coastal locations
65
18
a representative government
economic equality for all
an exchange of land for services
protection of individual rights
66
85
Early Middle Ages
Enlightenment
French Revolution
Renaissance
67
11
Renaissance
Industrial Revolution
Hellenistic Period
Early Middle Ages
68
94
revolt by the Moors in Spain
call for the Council of Trent by Pope Paul III
corruption among high officials of the Catholic Church
passage of the Act of Supremacy in England
69
41
decline of communism
rise of capitalism
development of feudalism
increase in the power of the guilds
70
64
new agricultural practices
the resurgence of trade
European colonial policies
Chinese overseas exploration
71
44
spread of ideas
development of industrialization
beginnings of communism
establishment of democracy
72
87
major language of the people became Latin
Catholic Church no longer had any influence in Europe
classical cultures of Greece, Rome were revived and imitated
manor became the center of economic activity
73
12
argued against the establishment of a theocratic state
protested against the ideas of the Enlightenment
challenged the teachings of the Catholic Church
died during the Reign of Terror
74
3
a theocracy
an absolute monarchy
a limited monarchy
a dictatorship
75
100
sugar and spices
gold and silver
land
livestock
76
39
farmers produced great food surpluses on vast plains
many European scholars had migrated to this area
merchants supported the Green Revolution
Italian city-states grew wealthy from trade with Asia
77
74
the development of more towns and cities
lower living standards for guild members
an increase in the number of self-sufficient manors
a decline in rivalries between kings
78
68
Results of the Spanish Reconquista
Characteristics of Feudal Europe
Essential Traits of the Italian City-States
Outcomes of the Glorious Revolution
79
15
Trade increased between Europe and the Middle East
Alexander the Great became a powerful leader in Eurasia
Arabs and Christians divided the city of Jerusalem
Islamic kingdoms expanded into Europe
80
99
learn and follow the commandments of the church
promote openness in government
establish and maintain power
seek the approval of the people
81
28
government regulation of the economy
the use of political power
the expansion of church authority
equality and justice for all
82
53
Africa remained isolated.
Interest in Asian cultures increased.
Colonies were established in Japan.
Ottoman power decreased.
83
63
decrease in the size of the middle class
expansion of the manor system
development of financial institutions
wider use of the barter system
84
69
feudalism
bartering
capitalism
tribute
85
43
Leaders may use any method to achieve what is best for state
Leaders must always act for the common good
The general public always acts in its own best interest
Pleasing all of the people at any given time is possible
86
14
Absolutism
Oligarchy
Feudalism
Democracy
87
38
allows advisors to speak their minds
keeps taxes and food prices low
does what is necessary to stay in power
encourages education and the arts
88
57
installing statues of saints in churches
printing the Bible in the vernacular so all could read it
saying the mass in Latin so the faithful would learn it
increasing the sale of indulgences
89
108
prevented guilds from functioning
rejected the power of the papacy
were unified by Garibaldi
had wealth gained from trade with Constantinople
90
32
fewer challenges to Church authority
the disbanding of the Jesuit order
a decline in religious unity in western Europe
a weakening of the Inquisition
91
9
People should withdraw from world and study religion
Scholars should study life after death
Governments should establish overseas empires
People should study religion and other nonreligious subjects
92
93
Agrarian
Commercial
Scientific
Glorious
93
30
created pensions for retired workers
allowed peasant farmers to finance construction of new homes
enabled the proletariat to challenge the bourgeoisie
provided capital resources to merchants for investment
94
109
systems based on bartering
insurance companies and joint stock companies
rules that forbid loans to the wealthy
quotas to control production
95
45
Ottoman
Mughal
Roman
Byzantine
96
97
sparking the ideas of socialism and reform
encouraging the introduction of new types of crops
destroying the guild system
causing production to decline and prices to rise
97
84
a strengthening of economic unity
fewer violent outbreaks between ethnic groups
an end to Christian unity
better relations between peasants and merchants
98
72
Democratic principles should be followed faithfully.
Human rights should be respected in all countries.
The law should be subject to the will of the leader.
Markets should operate with
99
40
decline in the power of the Roman Catholic Church
end of religious warfare
posting of the Ninety-five Theses
sale of indulgences
100
51
The power of the Roman Catholic Church decreases.
The Catholic Counter-Reformation begins.
Martin Luther posts the Ninety-five Theses.
Religious unity declines throughout Europe.
101
34
monasticism
humanism
multiculturalism
nationalism
102
23
an educated citizenry
overseas trade
religious uniformity
a stable workforce
103
48
division of political power between three separate branches
process in which goods are traded for other goods
system where land is exchanged for military service, loyalty
holy war between Christians and Muslims
104
42
new forms of business were developed
the barter system was instituted
subsistence agriculture was promoted
socialism was introduced to Europe
105
42
Commercial
Agricultural
Scientific
Industrial
106
101
Knights' Code of Chivalry
Feudal Obligations
Rules for Guild Membership
Role of the Church
107
8
Christianity rapidly spread throughout the Yuan Empire.
the Chinese began construction of the Great Wall.
The principle of divine right was introduced to China.
Europeans increased trade with China
108
92
inquisition
military
nobility
church
109
104
long periods of drought that led to isolation
demands for religious freedom by Christians
invasions by nomadic peoples from Central Asia
dependence on slaves to produce manufactured goods
110
16
believed that kings should have more power to appoint clergy
blamed the church for not curing people who had the plague
disagreed with the sale of indulgences
thought the church lacked structure
111
105
A standardized currency promoted international trade.
A centralized government provided law and order.
Manorialism developed to meet the people's economic needs.
People adopted humanism and questioned the Church.
112
75
the spread of Islam to Southeast Asia
movements for political freedom
exploration and trade
important military expeditions

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