Chapter 15, 16, 17 History Vocabulary

A group of people with common interests and characteristics living together within a larger society

A settlement of people living in a new territory, linked with the parent country

To influence or control

Artistic techniques used to give the illusion of 3D depth on 2D surfaces

A change to a lower state or level

External=Outward or observable

A determining condition

Painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paints

The customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group

A movement that developed in northern Europe...with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church

To print for distribution

A release from all or part of punishment for sin by the Catholic Church, reducing time in purgatory after death

Well grounded or justifiable

A large agricultural estate

A small, fast, maneuverable ship that had a large cargo hold and usually three masts with lateen sails

A member of the middle class who lived in a city or town

Soldiers who fought primarily for money

Oversea = beyond or across the pond

Having a distinctive quality or form

An intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of the humanities, which included grammar, rhetoric, poet

Belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved and who will be damned

To send a product or service for sale to another country

Basic or essential

A leader in the Spanish conquest of the Americas

Process of being justified, or deemed worthy of salvation, by God

Declare invalid

A set of principles that dominated economic thought in the seventeenth century: it held that the prosperity of...

Formerly a district in a city in which Jews were required to live

The local spoken language

The state of being saved through faith alone or through faith and good works

A form of government in which the leader is not a king and certain citizens have the right to vote

Payments made to support enterprises a government thinks are beneficial

The forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas