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Year 12 Module E&ES 9.2 Tectonic Impacts Flashcards | StudBud
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Year 12 Module E&ES 9.2 Tectonic Impacts
Year 12 Module E&ES 9.2 Tectonic Impacts
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Questions on NSW HSC Module 9.2 Earth and Environmental Science
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1
The Snowy Mountains are potential earthquake areas because:
heavy snow causes the faults to expand
they are close to a subduction zone
the volcanoes are still active deep underground
they are made up of blocks and faults
2
True or false. In a reverse fault, the hanging wall moves upward and over the footwall.
True
NFI
False
3
What type of fault is this?
transform
reverse
normal
4
What is a lahar?
a shockwave that is produced by an erupting volcano
gases that escape from a fissure
a mix of gases and solid rock that move like a fluid
a mud flow caused by collapse of a crater lake or ice cao
5
Where would you expect to find the youngest rocks in Australia?
New South Wales
Western Australia
Northern Territory
South Australia
6
The folding in this picture shows an anticline or a syncline?
anticline
syncline
7
The super-cycle time span for formation and breaking up of super-continents of about...
2 billion years
600 million years
4 billion years
100 million years
8
The process of mountain building is called...
orogotony
orography
orogeny
origami
9
Rhyolite and andesite are formed in which type of crust?
continental
oceanic
10
When did Australia finally separate from Gondwana?
10 mya
100 mya
200 mya
250 mya
11
Which type of lava causes explosive eruptions?
low viscosity
high viscosity
12
What is a pyroclastic flow?
gases that escape from a fissure
a mix of gases and solid rock that move like a fluid
a mud flow caused by collapse of a crater lake or ice cao
a shockwave that is produced by an erupting volcano
13
Geological hotspots are:
magma plumes caused by lava flows
geysers
hotsprings
mantle plumes located intraplate
14
Seafloor spreading is a divergent process and is caused by
convection processes in the mantle
earthquakes
rifting
slab dehydration
15
The North Islands of Japan were formed due to what type of plate boundary?
oceanic-continent collision
divergent
hotspot
oceanic-oceanic collision
16
Which gas can indicate that an earthqake is imminent?
rhodium
radium
radon
xenon
17
Evidence for the tectonic super-cycle is:
Laurasian and Amazonian fossils
old fold mountain terrains and palaeomagnestism
the closing up of the Mediterranean Sea
palaeogeography and vulcanism
18
The oldest oceanic crust is around...
50 million years
175 million
125 million
2 million years
19
What type of force is experienced at a subducting plate boundary?
tension
compression
shear
20
Choose the best answer. Earthquakes are most likely to occur where?
in the middle if plates
in areas where volcanoes are present
where rocks are highly folded
where there are fault planes and plate boundaries
21
You would expect to find this type of fault at what type of plate boundary?
hot spots
convergent
transform
divergent
22
What type of mountain range are the Himalayas?
folded
island arc
hotspot
volcanic
23
This group of islands were formed due to ...
ocean-ocean converging plates
converging plates
a stationary 'hotspot' in the Earth's asthenosphere
subducting plates
24
The picture shows and example of what?
folding
subduction
faulting
divergence
25
The central part of a divergent plate boundary is called a what?
v-shaped valley
rift or rift valley
u-shaped valley
river valley
26
The picture shows a 'graben and horst' feature. What type of force cause this feature?
Tension
Shear
Compression
27
A dyke is best described as:
an extrusion of igneous rock
an intrusion that cuts across rock layers
an intrusion of metamorphic rock
an extrusion that cuts across rock layers
28
What are the warning signs that a volcano is about to erupt?
swelling of its slopes
earthquakes and tremors
all of the above
escaping gases and fumes
29
From the Cambrian to the Jurassic periods, Australia grew from West to East. Evidence is
the age of the Pilbara and Yilgarn cratons
a subduction zone off the eastern seaboard
vulcanism along the WA coast
glaciation in the late Cenozoic
30
Eastern Australia was cratonised by ...?
600 mya
4.3 bya
20 mya
200 mya
31
What does a tiltmeter measure?
seismic energy released by a earthquake
measures very small changes from the vertical level
low frequency electric signals from rocks
the max. height reached by a tsunami
32
Andesitic lava is produced along what type of plate boundary?
divergent
transform
continent - continent convergent boundary
oceanic - continent convergent boundary
33
What is a craton?
a long chain of volcanoes
a series of normal faults
a large stable block forming the nucleus of a continent
a region formed by deposition of sediments
34
What is the name of the super continent that broke up around 600 mya?
Rhodesia
Rhodinia
Gondwana
Laurasia
35
What type of fault is this?
transverse
none of those listed
reverse
normal
36
You would expect to find this type of fault at what type of plate boundary?
hot spots
transform
convergent
divergent
37
At which locations, A, B, C or D, are mountains presently forming at a convergent boundary?
A
D
B
C
38
True or False. New crust is created at the same rate as crust is destroyed
False
True
39
Destruction of crust occurs at which type of plate boundary?
continental-continental convergent
divergent
transform
oceanic-continental convergent
40
What instrument can be used to monitor volcanic activity?
all of the above
satellite images
geochemical sampler
tiltmeter
41
What volcanic hazard is shown in the picture?
poisonous gas escaping from a fissure
lahar
a shockwave
a pyroclastic flow
42
True or False.Intermediate igneous rocks are roughly even mixtures of felsic and mafic minerals
True
False
43
Rocks in the oceanic crust are mostly composed of...
rhyolite
felsic rocks
andesite
mafic rocks
44
The topography along East Africa is the result of what?
compression to form a folded mountain belt
a thermal plume that caused rifting
subduction and an island arc
a hot spot
45
The folding in this picture shows an anticline or a syncline?
syncline
anticline
46
What type of force is experienced at a divergent plate boundary?
tension
shear
compression
47
What does gabbro and granite have in common?
Both are igneous, but gabbro is extrusive
Both are igneous and intrusive
Both are igneous and extrusive
Both are igneous, but basalt is extrusive
48
An example of a supercontinent that broke up between 200 and 250 mya is
Pangaea
Laurasia
Rhodinia
Gondwana
49
What type of fault is this?
none of the above
transverse
reverse
normal
50
What process caused the final uplift and formation of the Great Dividing Range?
Subduction and volcanism
A thermal plume
Rifting at a divergent boundary
sedimentation
51
What distinguishes gabbro from basalt?
mineral content is similar, but gabbro's crystals are larger
mineral content is similar, but basalt's crystals are larger
basalt is mafic, gabbro is felsic
gabbro is a felsic rock, basalt is mafic
52
The picture shows...
a folded mountain belt
a hotspot system like Hawaii island chain
the beginnings of the eastern part of Australia
an island arc
53
What does cratonisation mean?
tension forces that form rifts
the process to form a stable continental mass
compression forces that buckle and fold rock strata
to form a moon-like landscape
