Studying to reduce your stress about your upcoming final exams is a(n):

Problem-Focused Coping Strategy

____ accumulated knowledge & verbal skills; ____ ability to reason speedily & abstractly.

Crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence

Taking a nap to avoid feeling stressed out about your upcoming final exams is an:

Emotion-Focused Coping Strategy

A __ = belief about a group; a __ = attitude toward a group; a __ = behavior toward a group.

Stereotype; prejudice; discrimination

_____ assess what a person has learned; _____ predict a person's future performance

Achievement Test; Aptitude Test

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PSY101 Final Exam Review

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Marian University Indianapolis, PSY101 - General Psychology - comprehensive final exam review. Dr. Amanda Egan. Fall 2017.

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Questions 114

Answers

1
Judging the likelihood of an event based on its availability in memory
Availability Heuristic
Likelihood Heuristic
2
Curiosity is best explained by which of the following theories?
Drive-Reduction Theory
Arousal Theory
Two-Factor Theory
Yerkes-Dodson Law
3
The scientific study of how we think about, influence, & relate to one another:
Social Psychology
Evolutionary Psychology
Personality Psychology
Developmental Psychology
4
The factor that is measured. The outcome in an experiment.
Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
5
Which need is located in level 5 (blue) of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
Physiological Needs
Safety Needs
Esteem Needs
Love / Belongingness Needs
6
The process of getting information out of memory storage
Retrieval
Recognition
Recall
Restoration
7
People's ideas about their own & others' mental states - about their feelings, perceptions, etc
Theory of Mind
Preoperational Stage
Formal Operations
Conservation
8
A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, and jumpy anxiety following a trauma
Personality Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
9
Studying to reduce your stress about your upcoming final exams is a(n):
Emotion-Focused Coping Strategy
Problem-Focused Coping Strategy
10
____ accumulated knowledge & verbal skills; ____ ability to reason speedily & abstractly.
Analytical intelligence; practical intelligence
Fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence
Practical intelligence; analytical intelligence
Crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence
11
Research in which people of different ages are compared with one another.
Cross-Sectional Study
Correlational Study
Case Study
Longitudinal Study
12
Brains ability to change by reorganizing after damage/building new pathways based on experience
Maliability
Neuroflexibility
Action Potential
Plasticity
13
A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals.
Fixed-Interval
Variable-Ratio
Fixed-Ratio
Variable-Interval
14
The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system.
Flashbulb Memory
Episodic Memory
Instantaneous Memory
Sensory Memory
15
The factor manipulated by the experimenter. The predictor in an experiment.
Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
16
Method where researchers vary 1+ factors to observe the effect on a behavior or mental process
Correlation
Case Study
Experiment
Hypothesis
17
Taking a nap to avoid feeling stressed out about your upcoming final exams is an:
Emotion-Focused Coping Strategy
Problem-Focused Coping Strategy
18
Autonomic nervous system subdivision that calms the body, conserving its energy.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System
19
___ = our sense of competence & effectiveness; ___ = our feelings of high or low self-worth
Self-Esteem; Self-Efficacy
Self-Efficacy; Locus of Control
Self-Efficacy; Self-Esteem
Locus of Control; Self-Esteem
20
Which need is located in level 1 (red) of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
Esteem Needs
Self-Transcendence Needs
Self-Actualization Needs
Love / Belongingness Needs
21
If I take the same IQ test 3 times & each time it yields virtually the same score the test has:
Validity
Reliability
22
A __ = belief about a group; a __ = attitude toward a group; a __ = behavior toward a group.
Stereotype; prejudice; discrimination
Stereotype; discrimination; prejudice
Discrimination; stereotype; prejudice
Prejudice; discrimination; stereotype
23
_____ is to classical conditioning as _____ is to operant conditioning.
B. F. Skinner; Ivan Pavlov
Albert Bandura; Ivan Pavlov
John Watson; B. F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov; B. F. Skinner
24
_________ are identical twins & __________ are non-identical twins
Monozygotic & Dizygotic
Dizygotic & Monozygotic
Monozygotic & Embryonic
Embryonic & Dizygotic
25
____ people are competitive, hard-driving, & impatient; ____ people are easygoing & relaxed.
Type A; Type B
Type B; Type A
26
A descriptive technique in which one person or group is studied in depth:
Case Study
Correlational Study
Experiment
Survey
27
Treatment involving psychological techniques consists of interaction between therapist & client
Biomedical Therapies
Psychotherapy
28
_____ assess what a person has learned; _____ predict a person's future performance
Aptitude Test; Achievement Test
Achievement Test; Aptitude Test
Intelligence Test; Aptitude Test
Aptitude Test; Intelligence Test
29
Which need is located in level 4 (green) of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
Self-Actualization Needs
Love / Belongingness Needs
Esteem Needs
Safety Needs
30
Therapy approach that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking
Behavioral Therapies
Cognitive Therapies
Insight Therapies
Humanistic Therapies
31
Large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep
Beta Waves
REM
Alpha Waves
Delta Waves
32
A therapy approach that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.
Psychodynamic Therapies
Behavioral Therapies
Cognitive Therapies
Psychoanalysis
33
A disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech & emotional problems
Major Depressive Disorder
Schizophrenia
Personality Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
34
A rat learning to press a lever for food is an example of:
Social Learning
Observational Learning
Operant Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
35
The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, & retrieval of information
Learning
Intelligence
Cognition
Memory
36
Research in which the same people are restudied & retested over a long period.
Experimental Study
Cross-Sectional Study
Longitudinal Study
Correlational Study
37
____ are sensitive to color & fine detail while ____ are sensitive to movement & low lighting
Rods; cones
Cones; rods
38
Process by which our sensory receptors & nervous system receives & represents stimulus energy
Perception
Sensation
39
An emotional tie w/ another person; shown in young children by seeking closeness w/ a caregiver
Attachment
Temperament
Theory of Mind
Stranger Anxiety
40
Which need is located in level 3 (yellow) of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
Esteem Needs
Love / Belongingness Needs
Safety Needs
Physiological Needs
41
Which of the following is NOT one of the steps to forming a new memory?
Decoding
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
42
According to the bystander effect, people are ____ likely to help someone if they're in a crowd
More
Equally
Less
43
True of false - psychology is a science.
True
False
44
CBT combines ___ therapy techniques with ___ therapy techniques
classical; biomedical
counterconditing; biomedial
cognitive; behavioral
conditioning; behavioral
45
Autonomic nervous system subdivision that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy.
Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
46
The hopelessness & passive resignation a person learns when unable to avoid repeated bad events
Personal Control
Coping
Internal Locus of Control
Learned Helplessness
47
Measure of the extent to which 2 events vary together & thus how well either predicts the other
Experiment
Survey
Naturalistic Observation
Correlation
48
After conditioning, the bell is an example of:
Conditioned Response
Conditioned Stimulus
Unconditioned Response
Conditioned Stimulus
49
People whose gender identity or expression differs from that associated with their birth sex
Nonbinary
Asexual
Transgender
Intersex
50
The relatively permanent & limitless storehouse of the memory system.
Short-Term Memory
Episodic Memory
Long-Term Memory
Permanent Memory
51
Ability to learn from experience, solve problems, & use knowledge to adapt to new situations
Crystallized Intelligence
Intelligence
Divergent Thinking
Fluid Intelligence
52
The process of retaining encoded information over time.
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Attributing
53
Relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state
REM
Delta Waves
Alpha Waves
Beta Waves
54
Disorder characterized by continued substance craving & use despite life disruption &/or risk
Substance Use Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Schizophrenia
Personality Disorder
55
Crystallized intelligence tends to ____ with age; fluid intelligence tends to ____ with age.
Increase; decrease
Stay the same; Increase
Decrease; increase
Decrease; stay the same
56
Scratch-off lottery tickets operate based on which reinforcement schedule?
Variable Ratio
Fixed Ratio
Variable Interval
Fixed Interval
57
An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them.
Reciprocity Norm
Bystander Effect
Social-Responsibility Norm
Altruism
58
Improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.
Social Learning
Social Comparison
Social Loafing
Social Facilitation
59
____ asked "teachers" to administer shocks to "learners" in his now classic study on _____.
Solomon Asch; conformity.
Stanley Milgram; obedience.
Stanley Milgram; conformity.
Solomon Asch; obedience.
60
Which of the following is NOT one of the personality traits included in the "Big 5"
Conscientiousness
Gregariousness
Agreeableness
Extraversion
61
Listening to happy music to help you feel better after an argument with a friend is a(n):
Problem-Focused Coping Strategy
Emotion-Focused Coping Strategy
62
A type of learning in which we learn to link two or more stimuli & anticipate events:
Social Learning
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Observational Learning
63
I feel thirsty which causes me to drink a glass of milk. This is an example of the:
Two-Factor Theory
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Arousal Theory
Drive-Reduction Theory
64
Theory that to experience emotion we must be physically aroused & cognitively label the arousal
Two-Factor Theory
Drive-Reduction Theory
Arousal Theory
Cannon-Bard Theory
65
The food, prior to conditioning, is an example of:
Unconditioned Stimulus
Unconditioned Response
Conditioned Response
Neutral Stimulus
66
This child believes that the taller container has more. He hasn't yet mastered the concept of:
Reservation
Conservation
Theory of Mind
Object Permanence
67
___ study the effect of the environment; ___ study the effect of individual traits & processes
Personality Psychologists; Social Psychologists
Social Psychologists; Personality Psychologists
Personality Psychologists; Developmental Psychologists
Developmental Psychologists; Social Psychologists
68
Giving priority to our own goals over group goals & defining our ID based on personal traits
Individualism
Egalitarianism
Collectivism
Egocentrism
69
Process by which our brain organizes & interprets sensory info, transforming it into meaning
Sensation
Perception
70
Which need is located in level 2 (orange) of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
Self-Transcendence Needs
Self-Actualization Needs
Love / Belongingness Needs
Physiological Needs
71
A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses.
Fixed-Interval
Fixed-Ratio
Variable-Interval
Variable-Ratio
72
Tom has lost interest in most activities, spends much of the day sleeping, and feels hopeless:
Bipolar Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder
Schizophrenia
73
____ view personality with a focus on the unconscious & the importance of childhood experiences
Psychodynamic Theories
Behavioral Theories
Cognitive Theories
Humanistic Theories
74
Activated memory that holds a few items briefly before the information is stored or forgotten.
Recall
Recognition
Short-Term Memory
Instantaneous Memory
75
Which of the following is NOT one of the personality traits included in the "Big 5"
Narcissism
Openness
Extraversion
Neuroticism
76
The personal strength that helps most people cope with stress & recover from adversity & trauma
Subjective Well-Being
Locus of Control
Learned Helplessness
Resilience
77
An enduring sexual attraction toward members of one's own sex, the other sex, or both sexes.
Sexual Orientation
Gender Identity
78
A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses.
Variable-Interval
Fixed-Ratio
Fixed-Interval
Variable-Ratio
79
Branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, & social change throughout the life span
Social Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Developmental Psychology
Personality Psychology
80
A simple thinking strategy that often allows you to make judgments & solve problems efficiently
Algorithm
Heuristic
Concept
Prototype
81
Our sense of being male, female, or some combination of the two.
Gender Identity
Sexual Orientation
Gender Role
Sexual Identity
82
People with bipolar disorder experience ____ in addition to their depressive symptoms.
Manic Episodes
Psychotic Episodes
Hallucinations
Obsessions
83
Prior to conditioning, the bell is an example of:
Unconditioned Stimulus
Neutral Stimulus
Conditioned Response
Conditioned Stimulus
84
A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed
Fixed-Interval
Variable-Interval
Fixed-Ratio
Variable-Ratio
85
The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts:
Social Loafing
Social Learning
Social Comparison
Social Facilitation
86
A child pretending to smoke because they've seen their parents smoke is an example of:
Negative Reinforcement
Operant Conditioning
Observational Learning
Classical Conditioning
87
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory is a:
Theory
Hypothesis
Operational Definition
Methodology
88
Neuron that carries outgoing info from the brain & spinal cord to the muscles & glands.
Interneuron
Sensory Neuron
Neurotransmitter
Motor Neuron
89
The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived is:
Theory of Mind
Conservation
Assimilation
Object Permanence
90
Looking for a new job to reduce stress after being laid off is an:
Emotion-Focused Coping Strategy
Problem-Focus Coping Strategy
91
After conditioning, salivating at the sound of the bell is:
Conditioned Stimuli
Conditioned Response
Unconditioned Response
Unconditioned Stimuli
92
An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them.
Altruism
Bystander Effect
Reciprocity Norm
Social-Responsibility Norm
93
An emergency response that mobilizes energy & activity for attacking or escaping a threat.
Action-vs-Inaction Response
Attack-or-Escape Response
Fight-or-Flight Response
Sympathetic-or-Parasympathetic Response
94
Which need is located in level 6 (purple) of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
Safety Needs
Physiological Needs
Love / Belongingness Needs
Esteem Needs
95
____ asked participants to judge the length of lines in his now classic study on ____.
Solomon Asch; conformity.
Stanley Milgram; conformity.
Stanley Milgram; obedience.
Solomon Asch; obedience.
96
An inflexible & enduring behavior pattern that impairs social functioning
Schizophrenia
Personality Disorder
Learned Helplessness
Bipolar Disorder
97
Unwanted thoughts are to ___ as repetitive actions are to ___.
Obsessions; compulsions
Compulsions; obsessions
98
Loyalty programs where the "6th cup of coffee is free" operate on which reinforcement schedule?
Fixed Ratio
Variable Interval
Variable Interval
Fixed Interval
99
A condition present at birth; possessing biological sexual characteristics of both sexes.
Asexual
Nonbinary
Intersex
Transgender
100
Reduced sensitivity in response to constant stimulation
Sensory Adaptation
Sensory Deprivation
Absolute Threshhold
Difference Threshhold
101
Bundled axons that form neural cables connecting the CNS w/ muscles, glands, & sense organs:
Neurotransmittres
Nerves
Dendrites
Synapses
102
Neuron that carries incoming info from bodys tissues & sensory receptors to brain & spinal cord
Motor Neuron
Neurotransmitter
Interneuron
Sensory Neuron
103
An average IQ is:
115
150
75
100
104
Giving priority to the goals of our group & defining our identity accordingly.
Individualism
Egalitarianism
Collectivism
Egocentrism
105
An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, fearful & in a state of ANS arousal
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Panic Disorder
106
___ is ___ approach to therapy based on free association, resistance, dreams, & transference.
Psychoanalysis; Sigmund Freud's
Psychoanalysis; Carl Rogers'
Behavioral therapy; Carl Rogers'
Behavioral therapy; Sigmund Freud's
107
Recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur.
Beta Waves
Delta Waves
Alpha Waves
REM
108
A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts, actions, or both
Major Depressive Disorder
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
109
The process of getting information into the memory system
Attributing
Encoding
Retrieval
Storage
110
Having no sexual attraction to others.
Nonbinary
Intersex
Asexual
Bisexual
111
Study of how our behavior & mind have changed in adaptive ways due to natural selection
Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Evolutionary Psychology
Developmental Psychology
112
The extent to which a test measures (or predicts) what it is supposed to:
Validity
Reliability
113
Terry believes she can't do well in her math class because her teacher is tough. This is an:
External Locus of Control
Internal Locus of Control
114
Psychology is the science of ______ & ______.
Thoughts & Cognitions
Behavior & Mental Processes
Intelligence & Decision Making
People & Places

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