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General Science Module 8
General Science Module 8
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Review Apologia General Science Module 8, about Uniformitarianism and Catastrophism
Flashcards
31 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
31
Answers
1
Problem: the huge number of fossils that exist
Catastrophist
Uniformitarian
2
What is a progressive creationist?
A creationist who chooses to not explain earth's history
A creationist whose ideas evolve
A creationist who is also uniformitarian
A creationist who doesn't agree with the Theory of Evolution
3
How do we know the geological column is partly wrong?
The fossils referred to do not actually exist
Over the years, younger fossils have been found in older layers
The drawings of the fossils do not match the fossils in rock
Older fossils are found in younger layers
4
What do uniformitarians believe about strata in the geological record?
That each contains an index fossil
That each will have a paraconformity
That each represents a certain type of creature
That each represents a certain period of time in earth's past
5
How does Mt. St. Helens support the theory of a worldwide flood?
Structures formed by volcanic eruption could also be formed by flood
It exposed younger fossils in lower strata of rock
The Colorado river is at the bottom of Engineer's Canyon
It was a catastrophe just as major as a worldwide flood
6
Problem: fossil graveyards
Uniformitarian
Catastrophist
7
Problem: paraconformities
Catastrophist
Uniformitarian
8
How do catastrophists explain different fossils in different layers?
Each layer represents a certain time period
Each layer represents a different place on earth
Each layer was formed during a different flood stage
Each layer is the same age
9
Which fossils are considered oldest according to uniformitarian view?
Mississippian
Tertiary
Ordovician
Jurassic
10
What is NOT an assumption that scientists make about the geological column?
The Principle of Superposition works for sedimentary rock
All life forms on earth have one common ancestor
Radiometric dating is reliable to determine age
Index fossils found in a layer will indicate the time period of the layer
11
Problem: chalk deposits
Catastrophist
Uniformitarian
12
What is an index fossil?
A fossil with a known age marking
A fossil assumed to represent an intermediate link
A fossil assumed to represent a certain period of time
A fossil with an absolute age marking
13
How is the geological column evidence for the Theory of Evolution?
All fossils showing similarity to a common fossil in a low layer
The appearance of intermediate links
Simple life forms in lower layers, complex life forms in higher layers
Complex creatures throughout the column
14
Problem: soft tissue in Tyrannosaurus rex bone
Catastrophist
Uniformitarian
15
Problem: unconformities between rock layers laid down by the flood
Catastrophist
Uniformitarian
16
What most likely killed the organisms that are fossilized in the Karoo Beds in Africa?
Evolutionary processes
Red tides
Rapidly moving floodwaters and sediments
Lack of food
17
Problem: creatures once thought to be extinct now known to not be extinct
Catastrophist
Uniformitarian
18
What caused Mt. St. Helens to erupt in 1980?
Atomic bombs
Earthquakes and landslides
Built-up pressure of magma below earth's crust
430 million tons of TNT
19
Which is the bigger issue when comparing uniformitarianism and catastrophism in studying fossils?
How quickly the organism is preserved
How quickly the organism is killed
20
What is the most famous fossil presented as evidence for an intermediate link?
Australopithecus
Aardvark
Archeology
Archaeopteryx
21
Why are fossil graveyards a problem for uniformitarians?
Because they assume fossils are always a distance apart
Because they assume creatures are fossilized one at a time by accident
Because the fossils in the graveyards are all pre-Cambrian
Because fossil graveyards contain so many fossils
22
What is true about all scientists, regardless of their worldview?
They are disorganized
They are brilliant geniuses
They are evolutionists
They are biased
23
Why is the geological column a theoretical picture?
Because it has not been tested enough to become scientific law
Because it is abstract, built from assumptions
Because it is merely a hypothesis
Because it existed in ancient times and has been ruined
24
Which is NOT a name of a fossil group, in catastrophic view?
Flood
Permian
Pre-flood
Post-flood
25
Geologically, what did Mt. St. Helens teach us?
Both of the two reasons
Neither of the two reasons
Sediments can be laid down rapidly
Appearances can be deceiving
26
Problem: fossils that look like they were formed under normal conditions
Uniformitarian
Catastrophist
27
What is an important practice if you want to be educated in geology and paleontology?
Read from both uniformitarian and catastrophic viewpoints
Form your bias toward uniformitarianism or catastrophism
Collect rocks and fossils
Learn the names of all known dinosaurs
28
What is the time period covered by a collection of layers called?
Paraunconformity
Triassic
An era
Cambrian
29
How do scientists use index fossils?
They compare them with fossils in other strata to determine fossils' age
They treat them as the 'known age' of the strata they were found in
They collect them in certain sequence as evidence for evolution
They study them to learn about the past
30
What is an intermediate link?
The first fossilized indication of human life
One of Charles Darwin's tools for research
A famous fossil found in a fossil graveyard
A creature that was part one kind, part another kind due to evolution
31
In catastrophism, how many groups of rock form the geologic record?
Four
Two
Twelve
Nine
