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USAHS Process of OT Exam 2 Review Flashcards | StudBud
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USAHS Process of OT Exam 2 Review
The intervention process is...
Collaborating...
USAHS Process of OT Exam 2 Review
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1
Collaborating...
relying on using reason and logic in their relationships with the client
understanding that disability is a result of an environmental barrier
witness and fully understanding a client's situation
making decisions jointly, involving client in reasoning/expectations
2
The intervention process is...
Theory, evidence, and clinical reasoning
patterns of daily living, interests, values, and needs, relevant contexts
summary of a client’s occupational history and experiences
assist client to develop the skills/ abilities to meet occupational demands
3
Affect are the emotions of the client.
True
False
4
What are the five
Communication Styles
?
Advocating, Collaborating, Empathizing,
Passive Aggressive, Manipulative
Instructing, Encouraging, Problem solving
Assertive, Agressive, Passive
5
Norm referenced assessments compare a client’s scores to others who have also been scored using the assessment tool
True
False
6
Potential cultural issues that may impact care...
Touch and personal space
Beliefs about health, well-being, and illness
Gender and family roles
cultural awareness, cultural knowledge of self/others, cultural sensitivity
7
Documentation should be:
Explain the reasons for occupational therapy treatment
Explain outcomes based on clear clinical reasoning & professional judgement
8
The process of clinical reasoning includes:
considering the patients needs and abilities, collecting information
establishing goals, taking action, evaluating the outcome of those actions
reflecting on the process and progress towards goals
processing info collected to create assumptions, identifying problems
9
Screening is a quick review of a patient's status to determine a need for further evaluation by an OT
False
True
10
SEM- standard error of measurement
the person rating can have multiple different areas of error
some items may be easier or harder for certain people
best prediction of how much error still exists
inability to perform the task or understand the directions
11
What are some substitutions for COAST goals?
CST
CAST
COST
COAT
12
Central tendency
the person changes behavior because they are being watched, pos or neg
can’t make a decision so you go middle of the road for everything, pick a 3
we want them to do better so we allow the rating to be fabricated
prior experiences affect current experience
13
Non-Standardized assessments...
do not have a standard protocol for performing or scoring the assessment
studied to determine detailed process for the delivery, scoring, and interp
conducted and scored in the same manner each time, regardless of who admin
collect interview or observational data
14
What does the O in the COAST method stand for?
Outcome
Occupation
15
What does the T in the COAST method stand for?
Target Goal
Timeline
16
Culturally Competence...
Beliefs about health, well-being, and illness
cultural awareness, cultural knowledge of self/others, cultural sensitivity
Touch and personal space
Gender and family roles
17
Item bias
inability to perform the task or understand the directions
some items may be easier or harder for certain people
the person rating can have multiple different areas of error
best prediction of how much error still exists
18
Contrast error
bias in generosity, we are giving them more credit then what is due
the person changes behavior because they are being watched, pos or neg
to much divergence, scored the same and then different
insufficient information to decide on the answer
19
Predictive assessments assist the therapist with determining the relative ability of a person to perform one task
False
True
20
Test-retest Reliability
elements of the test are reliable compared to each other
measure at one time and then another, and it’s still accurate
two different therapists are able to get the same results
ability to perform same assessment two different times, achieve same result
21
What is
Conditional Clinical Reasoning?
Blending of all forms of reasoning for flexible response to change
building positive interpersonal relationships w/ clients, collab on problem
therapy regimes/routines, science based, can reflect habits & culture
Used to understand the condition, logical process, scientific information
22
What is the difference between a goal and and intervention?
Intervention: what the therapist does to facilitate the clients performance
Intervention: Education, training, demonstration, instruction
Goal: what the client will do to increase independence, achieve occupation
Goal: Measurable, observable, and action-orientated
23
Individual error
inability to perform the task or understand the directions
the person rating can have multiple different areas of error
best prediction of how much error still exists
some items may be easier or harder for certain people
24
Orientation outward relating: the client expects/prefers the therapeutic relationship that is being established
False
True
25
Cultural Awareness....
understand the needs and emotions of cultures, including your own
understanding a culture and its typical beliefs and values
especting the individuality of each client, unconditional positive regard
being observant and conscious of cultural similarities and differences
26
Predisposition to giving feedback : when a client is comfortable and able to provide appropriate feedback during therapy
True
False
27
What are some examples of specific conditions in the COAST method?
Medical behaviors/techniques, Body position
Location, underlying factor
Equipment, repetiton
Verbal Cues
28
What does the A in the COAST method stand for?
Assist level
Anticipated date
29
What are some considerations when choosing an assesment?
Why are you using the assessment?
What’s their contexts and environment? Emotional state?
What do the authors say the purpose of the assessment is for?
Do you qualify to use the assessment? Cost?
30
Jointly funded federal & state program that covers older adults, children and parents of dependent, pregnant women etc.
Private Insurance
Medicare
Worker’s Compensation
Medicaid
31
Observer expectation
can’t make a decision so you go middle of the road for everything, pick a 3
bias in generosity, we are giving them more credit then what is due
we want them to do better so we allow the rating to be fabricated
the person changes behavior because they are being watched, pos or neg
32
Power dilemmas...
limitations and help the client to understand what to expect during therapy
clients stories that reveal unobservable, private, or sensitive info
asks therapist to act in ways that are not part of the therap. relationship
an undeniable power difference between the client and therapist
33
Intimate self-disclosure...
asks therapist to act in ways that are not part of the therap. relationship
an undeniable power difference between the client and therapist
clients stories that reveal unobservable, private, or sensitive info
limitations and help the client to understand what to expect during therapy
34
What is
Scientific Clinical Reasoning?
therapy regimes/routines, science based, can reflect habits & culture
Used to understand the condition, logical process, scientific information
Used to make sense of peoples particular circumstances
Used to fit therapy possibilities into the current realities of service
35
What are the six modes of client/therapist interaction?
Advocating, Collaborating, Empathizing,
Assertive, Agressive, Passive
Instructing, Encouraging, Problem solving
Passive Aggressive, Manipulative
36
Empathizing...
making decisions jointly, involving client in reasoning/expectations
witness and fully understanding a client's situation
understanding that disability is a result of an environmental barrier
relying on using reason and logic in their relationships with the client
37
What is
Ethical Clinical Reasoning?
a systematic approach to moral conflicts
Used to fit therapy possibilities into the current realities of service
Used to make sense of peoples particular circumstances
Used to understand the condition, logical process, scientific information
38
What are the elements of the Client/Therapist element in the OT Process model?
the service delivery model in which they are operating
ability to analyze activities to understand the specific client demands
development of a therapeutic relationship through therapeutic use of self
ability to clinically reason, impacts client occupational performance/care
39
Inter-rater reliability
measure at one time and then another, and it’s still accurate
two different therapists are able to get the same results
elements of the test are reliable compared to each other
ability to perform same assessment two different times, achieve same result
40
What are the three "Therapeutic use of occupations and activities"?
Meaningful interventions
Occupation based activities
Preparatory methods and task
Purposeful activity
41
Halo effect
we want them to do better so we allow the rating to be fabricated
can’t make a decision so you go middle of the road for everything, pick a 3
the person changes behavior because they are being watched, pos or neg
prior experiences affect current experience
42
What is the idiosyncratic approach?
clear theoretical approach
Options by evaluating multiple things at once
a theoretical based intervention that is built off of a frame of reference
Go outside the profession to find evaluations that may meet their needs
43
What are long term goals?
Goals met in daily or weekly increments while progressing toward discharge
discharge goals that the client hopes to accomplish by time of discharge
44
What step of the operationalizing process is this?
Referral
Intervention
Evaluation
Outcome
45
Descriptive Assessments....
occupational profile
used to assess the characteristics of a person
determine areas of strength and opportunities for improvement
interview, observation, or caregiver report
46
What does the C in the COAST method stand for?
Condition
Client
47
Validity means that a test measures what it says it does.
False
True
48
Healthcare funded by contribution to a plan through an employer or it can be purchased individually
Medicaid
Private Insurance
Worker’s Compensation
Medicare
49
What are the 8 clinical reasoning types?
Ethical, Pragmatic, Narrative
Interactive, Conditional
Scientific, Diagnostic, Procedural
Hypotesis, Evaluation
50
What are forms of documentation?
Screening report; Evaluation report; Re-evaluation report
Intervention Plan; Contact report;
Transition plan; Discharge report
Progress report;
51
Steps to writing a problem statement: Occ. > Component > Contributing factor > Component fac. impact engagement
True
False
52
Criterion Referenced assessments have cut scores, a certain score something is more likely to occur for that person
False
True
53
Culturally Sensitive....
understanding a culture and its typical beliefs and values
especting the individuality of each client, unconditional positive regard
being observant and conscious of cultural similarities and differences
understand the needs and emotions of cultures, including your own
54
Evaluative assessments are useful for comparing quantifiable data over time
False
True
55
The outcome process consists of..
what we hope clients will achieve as part of the process
occ. performance, prevention, health/wellness, quality of life
measured through selectively chosen methods, valid and reliable results
participation, role competence, well-being, and occupational justice
56
Cultural Knowledge...
being observant and conscious of cultural similarities and differences
especting the individuality of each client, unconditional positive regard
understand the needs and emotions of cultures, including your own
understanding a culture and its typical beliefs and values
57
What is the top down approach?
How much are they unable to do?
Screen, look for assessments, assistance level, evaluate, FOR
ROM, balance, muscle strength, flexibility, cognitive skills
Observing performance skills/client factors that limit their skills/occ.
58
What is the clear choice approach?
use a particular frame of reference
Go outside the profession to find evaluations that may meet their needs
a theoretical based intervention that is built off of a frame of reference
clear theoretical approach
59
What is
Narrative Clinical Reasoning?
Used to understand the condition, logical process, scientific information
Used to fit therapy possibilities into the current realities of service
therapy regimes/routines, science based, can reflect habits & culture
Used to make sense of peoples particular circumstances
60
What is
Interactive Clinical Reasoning?
building positive interpersonal relationships w/ clients, collab on problem
Used to fit therapy possibilities into the current realities of service
Used to understand the condition, logical process, scientific information
therapy regimes/routines, science based, can reflect habits & culture
61
What are Propositions?
help reason how to intervene and what to expect from interventions
Provide overarching model or framework
Organize elements of the phenomena being observed
Formal statements about causes and effects or the nature of relationships
62
What does the S in the COAST method stand for?
Specific condition
Standardized assessment
63
Boundary testing...
asks therapist to act in ways that are not part of the therap. relationship
clients stories that reveal unobservable, private, or sensitive info
limitations and help the client to understand what to expect during therapy
an undeniable power difference between the client and therapist
64
Evaluation...
Assessment, interpretation, and documentation
Process of interviewing, observing, measuring, and interpreting info
Use info collected to determine a client’s areas of strength and needs
65
What are Broad theories?
Provide overarching model or framework
Formal statements about causes and effects or the nature of relationships
Organize elements of the phenomena being observed
help reason how to intervene and what to expect from interventions
66
What are the cornerstones of OT?
Core value and belief rooted in occupation
Therapeutic use of self
Professional behaviors
Occupation as a menas and an end
67
Advocating...
understanding that disability is a result of an environmental barrier
relying on using reason and logic in their relationships with the client
making decisions jointly, involving client in reasoning/expectations
witness and fully understanding a client's situation
68
What are theories?
Formal statements about causes and effects or the nature of relationships
help reason how to intervene and what to expect from interventions
Guide professional reasoning
help reason what to assess, how to understand occ. performance
69
Problem solving...
relying on using reason and logic in their relationships with the client
making decisions jointly, involving client in reasoning/expectations
understanding that disability is a result of an environmental barrier
witness and fully understanding a client's situation
70
What are the elements of the OT process model?
Client/Therapist, Context/Environment
Intervention
Evaluation
Outcomes
71
What is
Procedural Clinical Reasoning?
Used to understand the condition, logical process, scientific information
therapy regimes/routines, science based, can reflect habits & culture
Used to fit therapy possibilities into the current realities of service
Used to make sense of peoples particular circumstances
72
Government Program that covers inpatient hospitalizations, critical access hospitals, SNF, home health, hospice
Worker’s Compensation
Medicare
Medicaid
Private Insurance
73
Internal consistency/ homogeneity
elements of the test are reliable compared to each other
ability to perform same assessment two different times, achieve same result
two different therapists are able to get the same results
measure at one time and then another, and it’s still accurate
74
Logical error
insufficient information to decide on the answer
bias in generosity, we are giving them more credit then what is due
to much divergence, scored the same and then different
the person changes behavior because they are being watched, pos or neg
75
Intra-rater Reliability
ability to perform same assessment two different times, achieve same result
elements of the test are reliable compared to each other
two different therapists are able to get the same results
measure at one time and then another, and it’s still accurate
76
The occupational profile is...
assist client to develop the skills/ abilities to meet occupational demands
Theory, evidence, and clinical reasoning
summary of a client’s occupational history and experiences
patterns of daily living, interests, values, and needs, relevant contexts
77
What is needed for a valid study?
Content
Criterion related
Construct
Face
78
Hawthorne effect
prior experiences affect current experience
we want them to do better so we allow the rating to be fabricated
can’t make a decision so you go middle of the road for everything, pick a 3
the person changes behavior because they are being watched, pos or neg
79
What are short term goals?
Goals met in daily or weekly increments while progressing toward discharge
discharge goals that the client hopes to accomplish by time of discharge
80
Evaluation consists of ....
synthesized to inform the intervention process
the occupational profile and the analysis of occupational performance
what areas they may not be able to perform in because of limitations
determining what the client wants and needs to do in their everyday life
81
State programs that pay for care of workers who have injuries or illnesses from work-related causes
Worker’s Compensation
Private Insurance
Medicare
Medicaid
82
What is
Pragmatic Clinical Reasoning?
Used to fit therapy possibilities into the current realities of service
therapy regimes/routines, science based, can reflect habits & culture
Used to make sense of peoples particular circumstances
Used to understand the condition, logical process, scientific information
83
What is the bottom up approach?
Screen, look for assessments, assistance level, evaluate, FOR
evaluate: ROM, balance, muscle strength, flexibility, cognitive skills
evaluate, determine impact, how much is impacted, FOR,
Observing performance skills/client factors that limit their skills/occ.
84
What step of the operationalizing process is this?
Intervention
Outcome
Referral
Evaluation
85
Scoring errors
bias in generosity, we are giving them more credit then what is due
can’t make a decision so you go middle of the road for everything, pick a 3
we want them to do better so we allow the rating to be fabricated
the person changes behavior because they are being watched, pos or neg
86
Standardized assessments...
studied to determine detailed process for the delivery, scoring, and interp
conducted and scored in the same manner each time, regardless of who admin
do not have a standard protocol for performing or scoring the assessment
collect interview or observational data
