Exam I Review--MARB 215

DNA barcoding is a technique used for identifying species using standard gene sequences present in all animals.

A single specimen that formally bears name of species

intermediate between allopatric and sympatric; maintain some contact along border

An energy-requiring chemical reaction that builds complex molecules from simpler ones is...

the science of biological diversity and its evolutionary history

history of a taxon; ancestral lineage

geographic barriers cause reproductive barriers

According to the Theory of Perpetual Change, the average animal species survives _______ years.

The fossil record is biased because soft-bodies are not preserved.

rapid diversification from an ancestral species within a “short” interval (a few million years)

The theory of common descent says that all organisms descended from the same common ancestor

A character derived from common ancestry

Choose all that are true about saturated fatty acids

Who first classified organisms based on structural similarities

Who designed out current classification system?

difference of physical location of a structure or developmental process in an organism’s body plan

genetic variation and change within a population or species

Select all the characteristics of protocells

Neuclaic acids are the only macromolecules that can replicate themselves

What year did Darwin publish his famous book “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection”

What makes life?

LUCA stands for Last Universal Common Ancestor

Punctuated Equilibrium: evolutionary change occurs in brief events of branching followed by long intervals of stasis

Which scientist used grasshoppers to study chromosomal theory?

Metabolism consists of what two processes?

Amphiphilic means a polar tail and a non-polar head

Vicariance is a fragmentation of habitat causes speciation

Applies to both sexual and asexual species,Adds the evolutionary time dimension, and Addresses hybrids

The theory of perpetual changes says that the world is perpetually cycling

includes most recent common ancestor and all descendents; a clade

Select all of Darwin's Five Theories

new traits established in a population through generations, from a few individuals to majority of population

Select all the ways that evolution occurs

The first animal on earth appeared in the ocean 4 BYA

Consumers who depend on other sources for their food are

ancestor for every taxon on cladogram

change over large scales of geological time

Who hypothesized that many animals share similar early developmental stages, more so than later stages

Change occurs in very small steps

What has chains that are linked in 2 degree, 3 degree, and 4 degree structures?

includes most recent common ancestor but not all descendents

difference in timing/duration of a developmental phase compared to ancestors (fish/frog)

What does NOT make an animal?

Derived characteristic unique to a clade and not found in the ancestor

Endosymbiotic Theory was discovered by...

What is Zoology?

Water is dipolar

the scientific study of the evolutionary history of a taxonomic group

Life first appeared in the water

Which of the following is NOT true about water.

A character derived from common ancestry

A grouping of organisms distinct from other groupings and in which there is a parental pattern of ancestry and descent

Classification focuses on traits, whereas systematization focuses on using traits to confirm a hypothesis

speciation event; represents common ancestor

All living organisms contain a microbiome

individuals specialized to use different parts of ecosystem

There are 32 recognized phyla in the animal kingdom and each is monophyletic

All living organisms have specific developmental phases

Transformational evolution believed changed traits would be passed to offspring.

Micelles unique structure allowed organic building blocks to be enclosed and allow condensation reactions

The first animals occurred...

taxa closely related to ingroup but not included – used for comparison

Extant means no-longer living.

A character state in a most recent common ancestor is

When did the Cambrain Explosion occur?

The Chromosomal Theory says that chromosomes passed to new generations contain genes that are similar to parents

Believed species were distinct, unchanging entities divinely created

The two paradigms guiding zoology are...

A microbiome is found primarily in the gut.

Select all the types of life

Darwin took his ideas from Thomas Malthus’ essay on populations

what are the two ideas behind the Principle of Uniformitarianism?

Science is a set of proveable facts

Water resists fast temperature changes because of its high thermal capacity.

Who came up with the Principle of Uniformitarianism?

Who came up with the Transformational Concept of Evolution?

small subset of members starts new population elsewhere

the taxa being studied

speciation without geographic barriers

does not include most recent common ancestor of all members in group

Specifies that populations of a species have genetic or demographic cohesion; applies sexually or asexually

ancestral lineage and all descendents

The microbiome harbors...

Cyanobacteria were the first photosynthesizers to oxygenate the earth.

When did the first eukaryotes appear?

the science of naming, describing, and classifying animals

variation among individuals in a population is the basis for evolution

The four types of macromolecules are...

The first life occurred...

Interaction with the environment and movement are NOT diagnostic criteria for life

The most abundant organic substance in nature is...

Phylogeny is when all descendants branch from a common ancestor

the organisms whose phylogeny is shown on tree

Cyanobacteria evolved...